KING ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY (KAU)

FACULTY OF SCIENCE
DEPTARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
 GENERAL BIOLOGY (BIO110)

PART I : LIFE ON EARTH: An Overview (Chapter 1)

PART II : CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
a. Basic Chemistry (Chapter 2)
b. Chemistry of Organic Molecules (Chapter 3)

b. Membrane Structure and Function (Chapter 5)

PART IV : THE DIVERSITY OF LIFE (Chapter 6)
PART V : MICROBIOLOGY (Chapter 7)
PART VI : PLANT (Chapter 8)
PART VII : ANIMAL (Chapter 9)
PART VIII : ECOLOGY (Chapter 10)
PART IX : GENETIC BASIS OF LIFE
a. Cell Cycle and Genetic Disorders (Chapter 11)
b. Classical Genetics and Modern Biotechnology (Chapter
12)
PART III:
PART III: The CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
PART IIIa:

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.1 CELLULAR LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION

Figure 4.1 The sizes of living things and their components.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.1 CELLULAR LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION

Figure 4.2 Surface-area-to-volume relationships.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
PART IIIa:

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.2 PROKARYOTIC CELLS

to the environment by

Figure 4.3 Prokaryotic cell.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.2 PROKARYOTIC CELLS

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.2 PROKARYOTIC CELLS

Figure 4.3 Prokaryotic cell.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.2 PROKARYOTIC CELLS

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.2 PROKARYOTIC CELLS

Figure 4.3 Prokaryotic cell.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
PART IIIa:

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS

Figure 4.4 Origin of organ-elles

by endosymbiosis.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS

Differences between plant cells and animal cells

Animal cells Plant cells

Relatively smaller in size Relatively larger in size
Lysosomes and Lysosomes and centrioles
centrioles are found in are not found in plant
animal cells cells

No cell wall, Cell wall and chloroplasts

No chloroplasts present

18
4.3 EUKARYOTIC CELLS

Figure 4.5 Animal cell anatomy. Figure 4.6 Plant cell anatomy.
GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
PART IIIa:

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.4 THE NUCLEUS AND RIBOSOMES

Figure 4.7 Anatomy of the nucleus.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.4 THE NUCLEUS AND RIBOSOMES

Figure 4.7 Anatomy of the nucleus.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.4 THE NUCLEUS AND RIBOSOMES

Figure 4.7 Anatomy of the nucleus.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.4 THE NUCLEUS AND RIBOSOMES

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.4 THE NUCLEUS AND RIBOSOMES

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
PART IIIa:

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.5 THE ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM

Figure 4.8 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.5 THE ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM

Figure 4.8 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.5 THE ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM

Figure 4.9 Golgi apparatus.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.5 THE ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM

Lysosome fusing with a food vacuole and digesting food

Lysosome

Digestion
Vesicle containing
damaged mitochondrion

Lysosome fusing with vesicle containing damaged

organelle and digesting and recycling its contents

Figure 4.10 Lysosomes.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
PART IIIa:

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.6 THE ENERGY-RELATED ORGANELLES

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.6 THE ENERGY-RELATED ORGANELLES

Figure 4.11 Chloroplast

structure.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.6 THE ENERGY-RELATED ORGANELLES

Figure 4.12 The process of photosynthesis.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.6 THE ENERGY-RELATED ORGANELLES

Figure 4.12a The process of photosynthesis.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
Figure 4.12b The process of photosynthesis.
4.6 THE ENERGY-RELATED ORGANELLES

Figure 4.13 Mitochondrion

structure.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.6 THE ENERGY-RELATED ORGANELLES

Figure 4.14 Cellular respiration.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.6 THE ENERGY-RELATED ORGANELLES

Figure 4.14 Cellular respiration.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.6 THE ENERGY-RELATED ORGANELLES

Figure 4.15 Phases of glucose breakdown.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.6 THE ENERGY-RELATED ORGANELLES

Figure 4.15a Phases of glucose breakdown.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.6 THE ENERGY-RELATED ORGANELLES

Figure 4.15b Phases of glucose breakdown.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.6 THE ENERGY-RELATED ORGANELLES

Figure 4.15c Phases of glucose breakdown.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.6 THE ENERGY-RELATED ORGANELLES

Figure 4.15d Phases of glucose breakdown.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
Figure 4.15 Phases of glucose breakdown.
4.6 THE ENERGY-RELATED ORGANELLES

Figure 4.16 Photosynthesis (chloroplast) versus cellular respiration (mitochondrion).

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.6 THE ENERGY-RELATED ORGANELLES

Figure 4.16 Photosynthesis (chloroplast) versus cellular respiration (mitochondrion).

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.6 THE ENERGY-RELATED ORGANELLES

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
PART IIIa:

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.7 OTHER VESICLES AND VACUOLES

H2O2
RH2 + O2  R + H2O2

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.7 OTHER VESICLES AND VACUOLES

Figure 4.17 Plant vacuole.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function
4.7 OTHER VESICLES AND VACUOLES

Figure 4.17 Plant vacuole.

GENERAL BIOLOGY, PART III: THE CELL: a. Cell Structure and Function