PRIMEASIA UNIVERSITY

LAB REPORT

Course Code: TXE-308

Course Name: Wet Processing Technology-2 (Lab)

Experiment number : 1

Name of the experiment: Dyeing a cotton fabric with reactive dye(Cold

brand).

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Name: Md. Redwan Ibn Mahbub ID No: 191-060-041

Department: Textile Engineering Section: A

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Submitted to :

Mohammad Billal Hossain

Assistant Professor
Department of Textile Engineering
Primeasia University
Experiment number : 1

Name of the experiment: Dyeing a cotton fabric with reactive dye(Cold brand).

Introduction:

The dye, which is capable of reacting chemically with a substrate to form a covalent
dye substrate linkage, is known as reactive dye. Reactive dye is the dye that can react
with a fibre to form a covalent link, that is forming a permanent attachment in the
fibre and could not be removed by repeated treatment with boiling water under
neutral conditions.
Here the dye contains a reactive group and this reactive group makes covalent bond
with the fibre polymer and act as an integral part of fibre. This covalent bond is
formed between the dye molecules and the terminal –OH (hydroxyl) group of cellulosic
fibres on between the dye molecules and the terminal –NH2 (amino) group of
polyamide or wool fibres. Reactive dyes forms covalent bond with fibre polymer and
thus attach itself with fibre. It is now a days mostly used for dyeing cotton yarn and
fabric. It is a cationic dye. Cold brand reactive dyes have higher reactivity.

Cold Brand Dyes are Dichloro Triazine based reactive dyes having a high reactivity and
requires comparatively milder conditions in dye fixation. They are primarily of interest
in dyeing at normal room temperature using Soda Ash or Sodium Bicarbonate.

Reaction:

D-SO2-CH2-CH2-OSO3Na +OH-cell ⇒D-SO2-CH2-CH2-O-cell + NaHSO3

D-SO2-CH2-CH2-OSO3Na + NH2– wool ⇒ D-SO2-CH2-CH2-NH-Wool + NaHSO3

Here,
D= dye part.
Wool = wool polymer.
Cell = cellulosic
polymer
Cold brand reactive dye:

These types of dyes contain reactive group of high reactivity. So dyeing can be done in
lower temperature i.e. 32°-60°C. For example: PROCION M, LIVAFIX E.

Recipe:

1. Dye = 2% owf ( Yellow)

2. Wetting agent = 1 gm/l
3. Levelling agent = 1 gm/l
4. Soda ash (Na2CO3)= 10 gm/l
5. Common Salt (NaCl) = 30 gm/l
6. M: L = 1:50
7. PH = 10-11
8. Time =30 minutes
9. Temperature = 40° -50°C
10. Given sample weight= 5 gm

Apparatus:

 Pipette
 Measuring cylinder
 Conical flask
 Electrical balance
 Bunsen Burner
 Spatula
 Metal mug
 Stopwatch
 Glass rod
 Dryer
 PH Paper etc.
Calculation:

 For x% stock solution of solid chemical= ( x gm Chemical + 100ml distilled

water)
 For x% stock solution of liquid chemical= ( x ml chemical + (100-x) ml distilled
water)
 Total quantity of liquor= sample weight × liquor ratio
 Formula of required stock solutions= ( total liquor× quantity
mentioned in recipe× 100)/
( 1000× stock solution) ml
 Formula of required dyestuff= ( Material weight × shade%)/ stock solution% ml
So,
Total liquor= 5× 50= 250 ml
Dye=( 5×2)/1=10ml [1%]
Levelling agent= (250×1×100)/(1000×5)= 5ml [ 5% ]
Common Salt (NaCl) = (250×30×100)/(1000×10) =
75 ml [ 10%] Soda ash (Na2CO3) =
(250×10×100)/(1000×5) = 50 ml [5%]
Wetting agent= (250×1×100)/(1000×5) = 5 ml [5%]
Total amount of required chemicals=
10+5+75+50+5= 145ml Total amount of liquor=
250-145=105ml

Working procedure:

 At first 5% and 10% stock solution of mentioned recipe and 1%

stock solution of reactive dye was prepared.
 Then sufficient amount of distilled water was taken in dye bath.
 According to recipe and calculation, sufficient amount of auxiliaries
and dye was taken in the dye bath and then PH was checked.
 The sample fabric was inserted into the dye bath.
 Then the dye bath was set on the bunsen burner to acquire 40° C
temperature and it was remained for 30 minutes.
 Then the burner was switched off and fabric was ready for hot wash

After treatment:
  After dyeing operation is completed the dye material is put into a bath
containing 1% stock solution of acetic acid. This operation is done for
neutralizing the fabric. This operation is performed at 60°C for 10 minutes.
 Secondly the material is treated with a 1g/L soap solution, which removes
the unfixed dye from fabric surface, and makes the surface clean.
 Then fabric was treated with hot water and then normal cold water.
 Finally fabric was dried with dryer.

Process Curve:

Conclusion:

Cold brand reactive dye has reactive group of high reactivity. By this
experiment we came to know that cold brand reactive dyes are of high
reactivity because they take less temperature and less time for dyeing. The
sample fabric was turned white to yellow due to this reactive dye.