Unit 1

Medical doctor career

LEARNING
In this unit, you will:
GOALS

Read about medical doctor’s job.

Describe physician’s responsibilities and duties.

In this unit, you will practise:

Scanning texts to look for specific information.

Guessing the meaning of unknown words through context and/ or their

similarity to Spanish.

Transferring information to a spider map/ chart.

Formation of nouns from verbs.

Simple present – positive form.

Adjectives.

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Unit 1
Medical doctor
career U
Task 1 Write some words that are associated with medicine.
N
I
Doctor
T
Task 2 How many words in English about medicine you know.

Cuts (n) ……………………

care (n) …………………...
sew up (v) …………………
illness (n) ………………..
sick (adj.) …………………
hurt (adj.) ……………….
physician (n) …………………
treat (v) ………………………..
prescribe (v.) ………………..
1
disease (n) ……………….. comfort (v) ……………… bandage (v) ………………….

Read the following text and underline the cognates (English words with
Task 3
similar form in Spanish)

1 Doctors, also called physicians, have an

effect on everyone’s life. They treat people when
they are sick or hurt. They diagnose and treat
diseases, injuries, and other disorders. They
bandage knees, prescribe medicine, sew up cuts,
and operate on bones. They bring new babies

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into the world and comfort older people who are sick or dying. They also work to promote
good health and prevent illness.
Read the text 1 and complete the chart Physicians providing patient care
Task 4 with the correct information. are general practitioners. They
treat a wide variety of common
health problems. When general
practitioners discover illnesses or
medicine injuries that need special care,
they refer patients to specialists,
who work in one particular branch
sew up
of medicine. There are about
diagnose
thirty-five major fields of
specialization with more than fifty
Doctors different subspecialties. Physician
Health specialties include
babies
problems anesthesiologist, dermatologist,
into the
promote gerontologist, ophthalmologist,
world
psychiatrist, and surgeon.
Specialties in primary care are
on bones internal medicine,
obstetrics/gynecology, and
pediatrics.

Scanning is a useful strategy for finding specific information. to scan you must
Task 5 Task 5 SCANNING go through the text very quickly and ignore the words which will not help you.

Now practice scanning by reading parts 2 to find the following information.

a. The person who works in one particular branch of medicine.

b. The field concerned with the eye.
c. The condition of a person’s body or mind.
d. Identify a condition or illness, by examining the person and noting symptoms.
e. The branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis, management and nonsurgical
treatment of unusual or serious diseases, either of one particular organ system.

Task 6 Read the

Skills required for a medical doctor
words and
mark with a 2 Medical Doctors must have the analytical skills to review
symptoms and test results and determine a diagnosis and
tick ( ) the
appropriate treatment. Good interpersonal skills are useful in
words that communicating clearly and compassionately with patients and
describe a their families. A Doctor must commit to being lifetime students,
ADJECTIVES
physician. because they must learn new techniques, work with new
Confident self-assured equipment and be contemporary with the latest medical
self-educated polite discovery.

intelligent selfish
friendly self-possessed
communicative reserved Page 3

studious self-employed
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Task 7 Read the text 2 and complete answers.

a. Why must doctors be lifetime students?

Because they ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. Why must a doctor have good interpersonal skills?
Because he ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
c. Why is it important to have analytical kills?
Because…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Here are some duties and responsibilities of physicians. Read these

Task 8 paragraphs and match them to the titles below.

DIAGNOSING CHARTING PRESCRIBING

PREVENTION COMMUNICATION
1 ……………………………………………….. 2 ………………………………………………..

Notes are kept on each patient to ensure
that any medical professional can walk into a
room and know what has been done in the
past. It is also a way to track a patient's
progress during recovery.
A doctor needs to know not only how to
treat current conditions, but also how to
advise the patient on how to prevent
another occurrence.

4 ……………………………………………….. 3 ………………………………………………..

A good doctor knows how to listen, as well Doctors are expected to evaluate symptoms
as how to explain complicated conditions or and run tests to determine what is wrong
procedures to someone with no medical with a patient. If the doctor does not know
background. offhand what the diagnosis should be, it is
her responsibility to do the necessary
research.
5 ………………………………………………..

To write a prescription is a major part of

doctors' jobs. They must know how much
medicine to prescribe based on patient
history; they also need to know how two Page 4
drugs can interact with one another.
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Task 9 Find adjectives for these nouns

.........................professional …………………………procedures

………………………doctor .........................…background

……………………..conditions ……………………………history

Task 10 Fill the gaps with the correct information about physicians’ duties and
responsibilities.

……………………. prescriptions

……………..…….. …………………………………………………………
….
Physicians advise …………………………………………………………….

……………………. …………………………………………………………….
.

………………..... complicated conditions

Task 11 Translate the sentences into Spanish

a. Doctors are expected to evaluate symptoms and run tests to determine what is wrong
with a patient.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b. Physicians explain complicated conditions to someone with no medical background.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c. Physicians advise the patient on how to prevent another occurrence.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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LANGUAGE PARTS OF SPEECH

FOCUS I
1. THE NOUN (n.): A noun is a words used to name people, places, things, actions,
animals and ideas.

People: George. Mrs. Anderson, the doctor, students, a dermatologist

Places: Tarija, Bolivia, South America, San Lorenzo, hospital, ward
Things / animals: bandage, oxygen mask, stethoscope, thermometer, cats, dog.
Ideas: love, happiness, justice, hope.

2. THE VERB (v.): Verbs are words or group of words which express actions or describe
states, so they are a very important part of the sentence. Verbs also show the tense of
the statement.

ACTIVE VOICE
SIMPLE PRESENT examine (s) the patient.

SIMPLE PAST examined the patients

The doctor
PROGRESSIVE TENSE They is/ are examining the patients
Doctors was/were examining the patients
FUTURE TENSES will examine the patients
is/are going to examine the patients
PERFECT TENSES has/have examined the patients.
had examined the patients.

LANGUAGE MODAL AUXILIARY VERB: MUST

FOCUS II

Modal Idea expressed Example

verb
- A doctor must have analytical skills
- Doctors must learn new techniques.
Must

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Obligation/ necessity - They must work with new equipment and be

contemporary with the latest medical discovery.

UNIT 1- EXERCISES
Word formation: nouns
Exercise 1: The words in this list are all verbs. What are the noun forms?
Write them into the second column. The first question has been done for you
as an example.

Diagnose diagnosis Infect …………………………………..

Examine ……………………………… Regenerate ……………………………………
Prescribe ……………………………….. Paralyze ……………………………………
Suffer ………………….…………… Refer …………………………………….
Operate ………………………………. Treat …………………………………….
Cure ………………………………. Cut …………………………………….
Recover ……………………………….. Promote …………………………………….
Analyze ……………………………….. Discover ……………………………………

Word association: partnerships

Exercise 2: Link each verb on the left with a noun on the right to make 10
'partnerships'. The first one has been done for you as an example.

Verbs Nouns
1. administer an improvement
2. analyze a baby
3. arrange antibiotics
4. burp the treatment
5. catch some infections
6. detect an appointment
7. discontinue a sample
8. ease the pain
9. resist a drug
10. prescribe a cold

Exercise 3: Complete these sentences using the partnerships from Exercise

1. You may have to make some changes to fit the grammar of the sentences.
The first one has been done for you as an example.

1. The doctors administer a drug to the patient

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2. The nurses ………………………………………………….in the patient’s condition.

3. The health visitor advises the new parents to ………………………………….………..after
feeding.
4. The laboratory …………………………………………….………of the food.
5. A healthy body can ……………………………………………………………….……….
6. I would like to …………………………………………..…………….with the dental hygienist for 10.00
a.m. tomorrow.
7. Children ……………………………………………………..…..from other sick children at school.
8. She had an injection to …………………………………………….……………………in her leg.
9. The physicians ………………………………………………….……..the patient to treat the illness.

Word formation: verbs

Exercise 4: The words in this list are all nouns. What are the verb forms?
Write them into the second column. The first question has been done for you
as an example.

Abuse abuse registration ……………………………….

bandage ……………………………… rehabilitation ……………………………….
blood ………………………………. injury ……………………………….
breath ………………….…………… prevention ………………….……………
coagulation ………………………………. Operation ……………………………….
Implant ………………………………. test ……………………………….
preparation ………………………………. sedation ……………………………….
immunization ………………………………. resuscitation ……………………………….

Exercise 5: Choose ten verbs from Exercise 1 and write a sentence below for
each one. Be careful with the third person. Write the infinitive form of each
verb on the right. For example:

1. She registers with her local GP. Register

2. Doctors prescribe medicine to patients Prescribe
3. ………………………………………………………………………………….. ___________
4. ………………………………………………………………………………….. ____________
5. …………………………………………………………………………………… ____________
6. …………………………………………………………………………………… ____________

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7. …………………………………………………………………………………… ____________
8. …………………………………………………………………………………… ____________
Exercise 6: Write some sentences with the following words.

1. Sara analyze (s) a blood sample.

2. The surgeon bandage(s) wounds
3. Nurses operate(s) on the breast.
4. Physicians commit(s) to being lifetime students
5. The ophthalmologist treat (s) the diseases of the eye.
6. The pharmacist manage health centers.

1. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Exercise 7: Read the sentences and translate into Spanish.

a. Nurses stitch wounds.

b. The patient breathes very quickly.
c. The surgeon runs tests to operate on the face.
d. Doctors must prescribe medicine to treat a contagious disease.
e. She suffers from asthma.
f. They must take the contraceptive pill.
g. Physicians prepare some medicine for the patients.

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Unit 2
Human Anatomy
U
LEARNING
In this unit, you will:
GOALS
N
Read about the human anatomy.

Describe the different systems and organs of the human body. I

T
Use technical words in different exercises of reading comprehension.

In this unit, you will practise:

Transferring information to a chart.

Matching half sentences using information from a text.

Simple present in positive, negative and interrogative form.

Comparative and superlative adjectives.

2
Unit 2
Human Anatomy
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Task 1

Task 1 Read
the statements below.
Put a tick ( ) next to
the ones you think are
true. Put a cross (x)
next to the ones you
think are false.

1. The science of the human body is anatomy.

2. The human body is like a machine.
3. The heart is a bone.
4. Muscles are special fibrous tissues found throughout the body.
5. There are 230 bones in the human body.
6. There are 12 systems in the human body.

Task 2
Write the following names of the organs with the correct picture.
1 2 3 4
a.-Lungs ……
b.- Tooth ……
c.- Jaw ……
6 7
d.- Brain ……
e.- Backbone ……
f.- Bones ……. 5 10
g.- Rib cage: rib ……. 9
h.- Kidney ……. 8
i.- Blood …….
j.- Skull ……. 11 12
k.- Heart …….
l.- Gums …….

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Task 3 Circle the words that don’t belong to the group.

Kidneys liver bladder urethra
Stomach liver teeth brain
Skull clavicle breastbone heart
Spinal cord brain esophagus nerves
Task
Task 4 4 Read part 1 of the following text and underline the cognates.

1.
1 The human body is a remarkable complex and efficient machine. It takes
in and absorbs oxygen through the respiratory system. Then the oxygen-
enriched blood is distributed through the cardiovascular system to all
tissues. The digestive system converts digestible food to energy and disposes
of the rest. The skeletal-muscular system gives form to the body. And
covering almost the entire mass is the skin, the
largest organ of the body. The science of structure of
this complicated “machine” is called anatomy.

8 One of the major systems is the skeleton- muscular

system. The main role of the skeleton- muscular system is to provide
support and give shape for the body and to protect delicate
internal organs. This structure consists of more than 206 bones and the
muscles and the tendons which are connected to them. They are
strong but can bend at their joints.
13 Muscles control movement and many organic functions by
contracting in response to nerve signals. The most important
muscle in the body is the heart. Without the heart and its
cardiovascular (circulatory) system, human life would not be possible.
17 Another important system in the body is the circulatory system.
It is made up of a group of organs that transport blood throughout the
body. The heart pumps the blood and the arteries and veins transport
it. Oxygen-rich blood leaves the left side of the heart and enters the
biggest artery, called the aorta.
22 The aorta branches into smaller arteries which then branch into
even smaller vessels that travel all over the body. When blood enters
the smallest blood vessels, it gives nutrients and oxygen to the cells and
takes in carbon dioxide, water, and waste. The blood, which no longer
contains oxygen and nutrients, then goes back to the heart through veins. Veins carry waste
products away from cells and bring blood back to the heart, which pumps it to the lungs to
pick up oxygen and eliminate waste carbon dioxide.

Task 5 Scanning: Read text 1 again and find the following information.

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1 The name of the biggest artery. 5 The number of the bones

2 Function of the skeleton-muscular system 6 Function of the circulatory system.
3 The most important muscle in the body. 7 The organs that make up of the circulatory system.
4 The largest organ of the body.

Task 6 Guessing words. Read the text and match the new words with their
Spanish equivalents.

A través de (line 2)………………………… Tejidos (line 4) ………………………………………

Dar (line 5) …………………………….. El mas grande (6) ………………………………………
Soporte (9) …………………………….. Articulaciones (line 12 ) ………………………….
Formado de (line 18)……………………….. Bombear (line 19) …………………………………..
Mas pequeño (line 23)…………………….. Vasos sanguíneos (line 24) ………………………

The following statements are all true, but not all of them are mentioned in the
Task 7
text. Read the part 2 quickly and put a cross (x) next to the ones that are not
mentioned.

1. The main role of the digestive system is to breakdown and absorbs nutrients that are
necessary for growth and maintenance.
2. Many glands in the body secrete endocrine hormones. 
3. Hormones control the metabolism.
4. Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines are the major organs that make
up of the digestive system
5. The bloodstream is very important in the function of digestive and endocrine systems.

2. The endocrine system is made up of a group of glands that

produce the body's long-distance messengers, or hormones. Hormones
are chemicals that control body functions, such as metabolism, growth,
and sexual development. The glands, which include the pituitary gland,
thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, thymus gland, pineal
body, pancreas, ovaries, and testes, release hormones directly into the
bloodstream, which transports the hormones to organs and tissues
throughout the body.
The digestive system is made up of organs that
break down food into protein, vitamins, minerals,
carbohydrates, and fats, which the body needs for
energy, growth, and repair. After food is chewed
and swallowed, it goes down the esophagus and
enters the stomach, where it is further broken Page 13
down by powerful stomach acids. From the
stomach the food travels into the small intestine.
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Task 8 Read the part 3 and underline the principal organs of each system.

3. The nervous system is made up of the

brain, the spinal cord, and nerves. It is one of
the most important systems in your body. Its
main role is to relay electrical signals through
the body.  The nervous system directs
behavior and movement and, along with the
endocrine system, controls physiological
processes such as digestion, circulation, etc.
Respiratory system
The urinary system eliminates waste from
the body, in the form of urine. The kidneys The respiratory system brings air into the
remove waste from the blood. The waste body and removes carbon dioxide. It
combines with water to form urine. From the includes the nose, trachea, and lungs. When
kidneys, urine travels down two thin tubes you breathe in, air enters your nose or
called ureters to the bladder. When the mouth and goes down the trachea. The
bladder is full, urine is discharged through the trachea branches into two bronchial tubes,
urethra. or primary bronchi, which go to the lungs.
The primary bronchi branch off into even
The largest organ in the body is the outer smaller bronchial tubes, or bronchioles. The
covering called skin (the average man has bronchioles end in the alveoli, or air sacs.
about 20 square feet of it.). The skin plus its Oxygen follows this path and passes through
associated structures (hair, nails, sebaceous the walls of the air sacs and blood vessels
and sweat glands, and specialized sensory and enters the blood stream.
receptors that enable the body to be aware of
The reproductive system allows humans
touch, cold, hear, pain, and pressure) make up
to produce children. Sperm from the male
the integumentary system. Skin protects the
fertilizes the female's egg, or ovum, in the
body from microbes and other impurities,
fallopian tube. The fertilized egg travels from
prevents the loss of body fluids, and regulates
the fallopian tube to the uterus, where the
body temperature.
fetus develops over a period of nine months.

Task 9 Match these sentence halves and then compare what you did with your
partner.
1. Sperm are created to
2. The respiratory system
3. The kidneys
4. The brain is the central
5. Hair, sebaceous and sweat glands
(a)___ make up the integumentary system.
(b) ___remove waste from the blood.
(c)___ inseminate egg cells produced in the female.
(d)___that sends electrical impulses to every part of the body.
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(e)___provides gas exchange between the blood and the
environment
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Mark each statement below T (true) or F (false). Correct the statements that
Task 10
are false.
1. _______Bronchi are part of the skeleton.
2. _______The brain is the controller of all bodily activities, thoughts, and emotions.
3. _______The skin regulates the body temperature.
4. _______The urinary system eliminates energy.

Task 11 Read the whole text (part 2 and 3) and complete the chart. Add the organs
that are missing.
SYSTEM ORGANS FUNCTIONS
Respiratory lungs, nasal passages,  
bronchi, bronchioles,
trachea, bronchial tubes.

It eliminates waste from the body.

Task 12 Read again the whole text and answer the following questions.
1. What is another name for the circulatory system?
2. Which system contains the genital organs?
3. Which system controls breathing?
4. What is the difference between an organ and a system? Which is the skin?
5. What is the largest organ of the body?

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6. Which system coordinates the activities of the other systems?

LANGUAGE SIMPLE PRESENT

FOCUS I
POSITIVE FORM
I / YOU / WE / THEY perform a surgery NOTE: verbos que terminan en:
Doctors ss-ch
Hormones eliminate
goes / wash = washes)
SHE / HE / IT performs a surgery
Doctor - O –ss –ch –sh añadimos “es”
Pass = passes / go = goes
Urinary system eliminates waste from the body. - consonante + y = se
cambia y por i y se añade es

NEGATIVE FORM INTERROGATIVE FORM

I / YOU / WE / THEY I / YOU / WE / THEY
Doctors don’t Do Doctors
Hormones do not Hormones
SHE / HE / IT SHE / HE / IT
doesn’t
Doctor Does Doctor
does not
Urinary system Urinary system

LANGUAGE
COMPARATIVE-SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
FOCUS II
ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
One-syllable adjectives large Larger than The largest
small Smaller than The smallest
big Bigger than The biggest
Adjectives ending in –y Easy Easier than The easiest
Healthy healthier than The healthiest
Adjectives with two or Important more important than The most important
more syllables Intelligent less intelligent The least intelligent
Good Better than The best
Irregular adjectives
Bad Worse than The worst
Far Farther / further The farthest / furthest

UNIT 2- EXERCISES
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Exercise 1 Look at the following pictures and write the names of the organs and
bones.

brain sex organs lungs

liver pancreas kidneys
stomach heart bones
feet face throat
bones hands muscles

Skull ribs Radius

Carpals tibia Vertebral column
fibula patella femur
tarsals metatarsals Metacarpals

phalanges clavicle ilium

Exercise 2 Match the medical words with the common words that mean the same
by writing the correct numbers on the lines.
a. ___removes waste materials from the body in a liquid.
1. Clavicle a. _____kneecap
b. ___protects the body from injury and bacteria, and holds
2. Larynx b. _____spine
receptors for stimuli response, body heat regulation.
3. Patella c. _____shoulder blade
c. ___brings oxygen into the body.
4. Phalanges d. _____windpipe
5. Scapula e. _____collarbone
d. ___enables human beings to have offspring.
6. Sternum f. _____breastbone
7. Trachea e. ___regulates and coordinates
g. _____voice box bodily activities.

Exercise 3 Match the systems

f. ___produces with their function.
hormones.

g. ___converts digestible food to energy.

h. ___carries blood to various parts of the body.

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i. ___protects and supports the internal organs and also helps the
body move.
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1.- cardiovascular system

2.- digestive system

3.- endocrine system

4.- integumentary system

5.- nervous system

6.- reproductive system

7.- respiratory system

8.- skeletal-muscular system

9.- urinary system

Exercise 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb.

1. The cerebrum ________________________(give - gives) humans their ability to think.

2. The digestive system ______________________(process - processes) the food.
3. The red cells __________________(carry - carries) the protein hemoglobin.
4. The hemoglobin ___________________(carry - carries) oxygen to the body cells.
5. Tendons _____________________(control - controls) movement and organic functions.
6. Circulatory system ________________(transport - transports) nutrients, gases (such as
oxygen and CO2), hormones and wastes through the body.
7. The digestive system _____________(consist - consists) of the esophagus, stomach, and the
large and small intestines. It also ________________ (involve - involves) the gall bladder and
pancreas, which release the enzymes necessary to break down the food.
8. The heart ___________ (pump - pumps) the blood and the arteries and veins ___________
(transport – transports) it.

Exercise 5 Write the comparatives and superlatives of the following

adjectives and complete the sentences with one of them.
Adjectives Comparatives Superlatives

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Small _______________________ ___________________________

Big _______________________ __________________________
Strong ________________________ ___________________________
Light ________________________ ____________________________
Important _________________________ ____________________________
Flexible _________________________ _____________________________
Large _________________________ __________________________

1. The skin is the ______________________organ of the body. (large)

2. ________________________muscle in the body is the heart. (important)
3. Bones are ________________ (light) and _________________(flexible) than steel.
4. Aorta is the ________________(big) artery. The aorta branches into
____________arteries (small) than the aorta.
5. The skull is ________________(strong) than the heart.

Exercise 6 Write some sentences with the following words.

Secrete (v.) big (adj.) cut (v.) protect (v.) produce (v.)

1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Exercise 7 In this table there are 38 words for parts of the body and six
categories. Decide which category or categories each part belongs to. The first
one has been done for you as an example.
Body parts – categories

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arm hand leg foot torso head

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abdomen x
Achilles tendon
ankle
buttock
calf
chest
chin
elbow
eye
eyebrow
eyelash
eyelid
finger
forearm
forehead
gum
hip
knee
knuckle
lip
nail
navel
neck
nipple
nose
palm
rib
scalp
shoulder
sole
temple
thigh
thumb
toe
tongue
tooth
wrist
Exercise 8
Crossword: Parts of the body
All the answers in this crossword are parts of the body.

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ACROSS
1. joins the femur and the
tibia (4) KNEE
2. The organ into which food
passes after being swallowed
and where the process of
digestion continues (7)
6. The first part of the small
intestine (8)
8. Hinged joint in the arm (5)
10. It grows on your head (4)
11. The upper chambers of 18
across (5)
12. Breathing organs (5)
15. They carry blood to 11
across (5)
17. Part of the body with
which a person sees (3)
18. The organ which moves
blood around your body (5)
21. Cell in the nervous system
which transmits impulses (6)

DOWN 22. An organ which secretes

1. It cleans your blood (6) KIDNEY substances which act
3. Main part of the body, without the arms, legs and head (5) elsewhere in the body (5)
4. A major artery (5) 24. A white oily substance in
5. Connected to 8 across, funnily enough (7) the body, which stores energy
7. Eye socket (5) and protects the body against
9. Narrow part of the body below the chest and above the cold (3)
buttocks (5) 25. Tissue which forms the
12. The major detoxicating organ (5) outside surface of the body
13. Hard growth which forms on the top surface at the end of (4)
each finger and toe (4) 26. Type of nerve ending or
14. Cheekbone (6) cell (8)
16. Protects the brain (5) 27. For hearing with (3)
18. At the end of your arm (4)
19. The throat or neck, major artery (7)
20. The back of each joint on a person's hand (7)
23. Bundle of fibres which take impulses from one part of the
body to another (5)
24. End part of the leg on which a person stands (4)

Unit 3
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Diet and Health

LEARNING
In this unit you will read about how important is a balanced diet for the
GOALS
health. U
N
You will also:

Learn to locate information in a reading text.

Transfer information to a chart.

Select the right meaning of a word with more than one definition for a
particular context. I
T
Make a brief summary.

Practise passive voice and the form -ing

Unit 3
3
Diet and Health
Task 1

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These words are from the article you are going to read. How many of them do
you know already? Match them to their Spanish meanings. Then compare your answers with a
partner.

Healthy research lack consumption

Disease Ensuring ailments eat (v)
cure feeding food lead (v)

1. Falta.................................... 6. Padecimientos…………………………………….
2. saludable .………………………… 7. Enfermedad…..…………………………………….
3. cura………………………………..… 8. Comer…… ………………………………………….
4. consumo.............................. 9. Alimentación……………………………………….
5. llevar………………………………… 10. Asegurando..………………………………………

Task 2 Answer the following questions about the text you are going to read.

1. What is a diet for you?

2. Do you think that diet and heath are related?

3. What does a healthy human diet have to provide? What types of nutrients do humans
need?

Choose the adjectives that describe a good

Task 3
diet.

Unhealthy empty nutrious food

1 Balanced Diet, Health and Nutrition
The
Poorhuman body soft requires food to provide
balanced unhygienic
energy for all life process and for growth,
Clean rich low-fat healthy
repair and maintenance of cells and tissues. A
balanced diet is low in fat, cholesterol,
Task 4and Read
sodium
the text and mark each statement below T (true) or F (false).
sugars; and high in vegetables,
fruits, beans, nuts and whole grains.  After all,
we are what we eat - Research continues to
prove that eating healthy food promotes good
health and unhealthy food habits lead to a
diseased body. Foods contain vital nutrients
that aid our body’s metabolic function.
However, a lack of consumption of these
nutrients or feeding upon the wrong kinds of
food leads to an accumulation of toxins within Page 24
the body, resulting in chronic diseases in the
long run.
UNIT 4 FIRST AIDS

A nutritious diet while ensuring overall

well being, helps to maintain a healthy
Body Mass Index (BMI), reduces the risk of
several debilitating diseases like cancer,
cardiovascular ailments, diabetes,
osteoporosis and stroke. Thus a nutritious
& healthy diet is important in the
prevention and cure of various diseases.

a. A poor diet leads to an unhealthy body. F T

b. A low-fat diet aids the body’s metabolic function. F T
c. Healthy foods are very important to have a healthy body. F T
d. The consumption of nutrients prevents different diseases F T
e. Researchers prove that diet and food are not related F T

2 Task Diet
5 forRead again the text 1 and answer the following questions.
diseases
a. Why
There is food important
are several for people?
health conditions thatItcan
provides energy for the body
Because________________________________________________________________
be caused or aggravated by the food we eat.
b. How can weare
However, there have a good
also health?
several foods that
_______________________________________________________________________
you can include in your diet to help prevent
or c. What
treat does BMI stand for?
diseases.
_______________________________________________________________________
d. What happens if the person doesn’t consume nutrients?
______________________________________________________________________
unhealthy lifestyle and bad eating habits
Task 6 are also contributing factors. A diabetes
Heart diseases:Read the textheart
Coronary 2 and find theare
diseases following
a dietinformation
chart is a diet plan that is high in fiber
a. The
very health health
common problems that areand
problem linked
theytoare and low in fatofwith
a diet. c. The cause a minimum amount of
anemia.
closely linked to a diet that is high in saturated fats.heart problems.
d. The diet for people with
b. The diet for a diabetic person
unhealthy fats. Decreasing one’s intake of Anemia: Anemia is generally caused by
fatty foods, especially fried food, will go a nutritional deficiencies and is most
long way in preventing heart diseases. On the commonly associated with a diet that is low
other hand, a healthy diet chart with an in iron. Iron rich foods such as green leafy
adequate amount of high fiber foods is seen vegetables should be included in a diet for
to prevent heart diseases. People who suffer anemia.
from heart problems are often advised to Healthy Food Groups
follow a specific high fiber diet for heart Since no single food group can nourish the
diseases that is rich in raw fruits and body with all the vital ingredients it
vegetables.  requires, it is important that we consume
Page 25a
Diabetes: While genetics does play an variety of healthy foods. There are five
important role in the onset of diabetes, an main food groups, they are:
UNIT 4 FIRST AIDS

• Fruits
• Vegetables
• Cereals and Pulses
• Dairy
• Poultry, Fish and Meat products

A healthy balanced diet of these five

food groups ensures essential vitamins,
minerals and dietary fiber.

Task 7 Guessing unknown words

Choose the options with the closest meaning for the words in italics, and then refer back to
the text. Which words helped you to make your guess?

1. There are several health conditions that can be caused or aggravated by the food…
a) Pueden ser realizadas b) pueden ser causadas c) van a ser hechas
2. People who suffer from heart problems are often advised to follow a specific diet.
a) Son a menudo aconsejadas b) son advertidas c) a menudo se aconseja
3. An unhealthy lifestyle and bad eating habits are also contributing factors.
a) Comiendo b) alimenticios c) comer
4. Green leafy vegetables should be included in a diet for anemia.
a) Deberia b) deberian c) deben

Task 8 Read the text 2 and complete the chart with the correct information.

Page 26
UNIT 4 FIRST AIDS

A balanced diet
prevents and treats
diseases
such as

……………………………… ……………………………. ………………………………..

eating: eating foods: eating:

…………………………. ……………………………
…………………………… …………………………… …………………………..

Task 9 Fill the gaps with the correct information from the table.

Iron fiber diet plan good health

heart diseases Healthy foods balanced diet anemia

A ____________comprising of diverse and ____________ is key to promoting _____________.

Eating foods that are rich in ______________are advised to prevent_________________ and
included in a _______________for diabetic people. Nutritional deficiencies cause generally
_____________ and its diet is rich in ___________.

LANGUAGE PASSIVE VOICE

FOCUS I
The passive voice is often used when the doer of an action is less important
than the action done.

Passive structures: Compare these sentences

Active Nutritional deficiencies cause generally anemia

object

Page 27
UNIT 4 FIRST AIDS

Passive Anemia generally is caused by nutritional deficiencies

Subject

Subject Verb BE Past Participle

Anemia generally is caused by nutritional deficiencies (Present Simple)

Anemia was caused by nutritional deficiencies (Past Simple)
Anemia will be caused by nutritional deficiencies (Simple future)
Anemia can be caused by nutritional deficiencies (Modal verb )
should/ might / could

FORMULE: SUBJECT + VERB TO BE ( in present/past/future) + PAST PARTICIPLE

LANGUAGE FORM -ING

FOCUS II
Look at these verbs:
Eat - eating result – resulting debilitate – debilitating

a) –ing form as a subject of a sentence.

Research continues to prove that eating healthy food promotes good health.

b)-ing adjectives

A nutritious reduces the risk of several debilitating diseases like cancer…..

UNIT 3: EXERCISES
Exercises 1 Complete the chart with the correct information.

Page 28
UNIT 4 FIRST AIDS

DIET AND HEALTH

People who suffer from diabetes are advised to eat:

……………………………………………………………………

People………………………………………….are advised to eat:

green leafy vegetables

People who have heart diseases should have a diet:

……………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 2 Describe a balanced diet for having a health body.

……………………
These five food groups
A healthy …
ensure ………………………
balanced diet ……………………
… ………………………………….
includes:
……………………
…
……………………
Exercise 3 Identify the
… verbs of the sentences and say if they are active (A)
or passive (P) ……………………
……..
SENTENCES A P
1. Foods contain vital nutrients that aid our body’s metabolic function. x
2. There are several health conditions that can be caused by the food. x
3. There are also several foods that you can include in your diet…. x
4. People who suffer from heart problems are often advised to follow a specific x
high fiber diet.
5. Anemia is generally caused by nutritional deficiencies. x
6. Since no single food group can nourish the body with all the vital ingredients… x

Exercise 4 Change the sentences below from active to passive tense.

For example:
Active: nutritional deficiencies cause generally anemia.

Page 29
UNIT 4 FIRST AIDS

Passive: anemia is generally caused by nutritional deficiencies.

Remember that it is not always necessary to mention the subject in a passive sentence. For
example:

Verbs: active/passive
1. The nurse notices a rise in the patient's pulse rate.
Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The consultant allowed the patient to watch the operation.
Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. All chemists sell the tablets.
Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The doctor will diagnose appendicitis.
Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The paramedics can comfort the injured person until the ambulance arrives
Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The gland produces an excess of hormones.
Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. They looked after my father very well in hospital.
Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. We examine the tissue under the microscope.
Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. You cannot take the lotion orally.
Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Doctors predict a rise in cases of whooping cough.
Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 5 Read the following sentences and underline the form –ing of
the verbs and decide if the word underlined is working as a subject of the
sentence or as an adjective.

Page 30
UNIT 4 FIRST AIDS

Sentences Function
subject adjective

1. Eating more vegetables and fruits is very important for our

health. x

2. A nutritious reduces the risk of several debilitating diseases x

like cancer, cardiovascular ailments.

3. Many diseases are caused by bad eating habits. x

4. A nutritious healthy diet can rectify underlying causes of X

diseases and restore one to wholeness of mind and body.

5. Doctors say that walking at least 30 minutes a day is very x

important for our body.

Exercise 6 Write the some sentences with the following words.

Coronary heart diseases healthy foods treat diabetes

1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. …………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. …………………………………………………………………………………………………

Unit 4
Page 31
UNIT 4 FIRST AIDS

First Aids
LEARNING
In this unit, you will read about:
GOALS
U
N
The importance of performing first aids.

Some accidents and their first aids procedures.

I
You will also practise:

Matching titles to parts of a text and to the pictures.

Translating relevant parts of a text.

the imperative form

T

Unit 4 4
First Aids
Task 1 Look at these pictures and match them to the correct problem.

Bleeding Cut Stroke Poisoning Electrocution

Wound Fracture Unconscious Snakebite

1 2 3
Page 32

4
UNIT 4 FIRST AIDS

Fracture
Snakebite
Bleeding

5 6

Electrocution
Poisoning
Stroke
1. reading
Before What isthe
firsttext
aid? THE FIRST
explore whatAID
youISknow
THE about
FIRST AND IMMEDIATE
first aids.
ASSISTANCE GIVEN TO ANY PERSON SUFFERING AND ACCIDENT
Cut
Wound
Unconscious
2. Who can perform first aids? (quienes pueden
7 dar primeros 8 9
auxilios) PEOPLE THAT HAVE PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE ABOUT IT. Task 2
Task 3 3. Do you knowRead theto
what paragraph
do when 1 and check your
a person answers.
is unconscious?
(conoces que hacer cuando una persona este inconsciente) YES,
First aid refers to medical attention that is usually
I DO. / / NOT, I DON T. TO 911
administered immediately after the injury occurs and at the location where it
occurred. It often consists of a one-time, short-term treatment and
requires little technology or training to administer. It is usually performed
by a non-expert person. First aid can include cleaning minor cuts, scrapes,
or scratches; treating a minor burn; applying bandages and dressings; the
use of non-prescription medicine; draining blisters; removing debris from
the eyes; massage; and drinking fluids to relieve heat stress.

Task 4 Match the following accidents with the first aid procedures
FIRST AID PROCEDURES
Electrocution shock animal bites broken bones stroke

Serious burns bleeding cuts and grazes poisoning

1_____________________
Wash wound gently with water
and mild soap. Remove any
debris and dirt. Press clean pad
on wound to halt bleeding. Cover
with sterile adhesive bandage
2_____________________
Do not wash the wound. Press on
it with a clean bandage, cloth, or a
towel. Lift the wound above the
heart if possible. Let a doctor or
3____________________
other medical worker take off the
Children sometimes
bandage eatwound.
and wash the or drink
things they shouldn’t. Look for a
bottle nearby so you know what
poison it is. Do not give the
person anything to eat or drink.
5_____________________ 7_____________________
If the burn isn’t too large, wash
Wash superficial bites with
it in cold water. Pat it dry and soap and water. Pat wound
cover it with a clean bandage if dry and cover with adhesive
the skin is open. Give aspirin for dressing. If the wound is deep
pain. See a doctor for large or apply pressure to control the
deep burns. bleeding.
8____________________
Make the person lie down
with the feet a little higher
than the head. Keep him/ her
warm. Do not give fluids.
9___________________
Do not touch or move the
bones. If there are wounds
too, do not wash them, Pagebut
33
stop the bleeding if necessary.
UNIT 4 FIRST AIDS

6____________________
Do not touch casualty because
they may be 'live'. Disconnect
casualty from power source,
either at the mains or by
4____________________ pushing away whatever is
If you can’t wake a person up conducting the current using
an insulating material, for
after an injury or the beginning
instance a wooden stick.
of an illness, call 110.
Task 5 COMPREHENSION CHECK: Circle the correct answer.
10____________________
Ask the person to smile- if
their smile is lopsided, you will
know they have been
affected. Use the FAST (Face,
Arm, Speech, Time) guide is
you suspect a casualty has had
a stroke.

1. Wash with__________________ the bites.

a. bandage b. soap c. alcohol
2. Wash with cold water for _________________________
a. burns b. wounds c. electrocution
3. For broken bones _______________________________
a. do not move them b. use ice c. clean the wound.
4. Use a wooden stick to separate the ________________from the power source.
a. electrocution b. casualty c. material
5. For stroke ______________the person to smile
a. write b. walk c. ask
6. ___________the wound above the heart.
a. put b. leave c. lift

Task 6 WORD GROUPS. Cross out the word that does not belong.

1. Wound minor bleeding poisoning

2. Burn press serious touch

3. Broken bones careful graze cut

4. adhesive dressing Bandage soap pencil

Task 7 Match the word with the correct first aid response.

Page 34
UNIT 4 FIRST AIDS

1.____poisoning a. press with a clean bandage.

2.____burn b. wash with cold water.

3.____bleeding c. find the bottle and call the emergency.

4.____shock d. make the person lie down.

5.____unconsciousness e. do not touch the casualty.

6.____electrocution f. call the emergency.

Task 8 Choose the correct action for the health problem.

a. run cool water over the area of burn. d. cover the burn with a sterile bandage
b. wash the cut with mild soap and water. e. Press the cut to stop the bleeding.
c. Cover the cut with a bandage. f. Apply an antibacterial ointment to protect
the wound.

1 2 3

Task 9

Translate the following sentences into Spanish.

1. Cover the cut with a bandage.
4 6
5

.................................................................................................................................
2. Press the cut to stop the bleeding.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Wash the cut with mild soap and water.

Page 35
UNIT 4 FIRST AIDS
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

LANGUAGE
IMPERATIVE FORM
FOCUS I
It is used to give instructions, commands and orders. It is a very
simple structure because we do not need to use the subject. The
sentence is started with the verb or verb phrase and “don’t” is used
for negative form.

POSITIVE FORM:

Verb: Example: (to write / to call / to cover / to wash / to bandage/ to press/ to be)

(+) Write your name on the sheet. {There isn’t any subject because it is an order)
(+) Cover the cut.
(+) Be careful!

Negative form:
To use the negative form add the word “do not” ( don’t) before the infinitive without to

(-) Do not touch casualty.(=don’t touch the casualty)

(-) Do not move the bones.
(-) Don’t wash the wound.

NOTE

Si no saben el verbo, basta con buscarlo en el diccionario y simplemente ponen la forma

infinitiva sin el “to” antes.

Ejemplo:
No saben como decir “No toques” Vas al diccionario y buscas y encuentras que tocar viene del
infinitivo “to touch”. Por ende se dice “Don’t touch“

Page 36
UNIT 4 FIRST AIDS

UNIT 4: EXERCISES
Exercise 1 Choose the correct action for the health problem.

a. Open the airway f. Place your hands on casualty's chest

b. Perform the jaw-thrust technique. and press down 30 times.
g. Check for breathing c. Lift the casualty’s feet
h. blow a breath into the casualty’s mouth. d. Press into the casualty abdomen
i. Apply a cravat bandage to the knees e. Apply a sling

1 2 3 4

5 6 8

Exercise 2 Translate the following sentences into Spanish.

1. Do not move the casualty .................................................................................

2. Open the airway ………………………………………………………………………………

3. Press into the casualty’s abdomen ………………………………………………………………………………

4. Do not lift the legs if the casualty has a broken leg. ……………………………………………………….

Exercise 3 Match the half-sentences in column A with the half-sentences in column B to make sentences.

Page 37
UNIT 4 FIRST AIDS

Column A Column B
1.If the casualty is unconscious, …call the emergency.

2.if a person has a broken bone, …do not move the bone.

3. if the casualty is bleeding, …stop blood with a clean bandage.

4.If the casualty has only a cut, ….Wash wound gently with water and mild soap.

5. If the casualty has a chest injury, …evaluate the casualty and be prepared to perform
the first aids measures.
6. If the casualty has an electrical
burn, …remove the casualty from the electrical source.

1. ………................................................................................................................
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 4 Write the following sentences in the imperative form.

1. She washes the graze.

………………………………………………………………………………
2. We put the medical book on the desk.
…………………………………………………………………………….
3. Peter covers the wound with a bandage.
…………………………………………………………………………….

Page 38