Mark Steven Calimutan (20211118240)

Members: Jonathan Grafani

Janelle Villaseñor
Subject Code: ZGE_1106
Schedule Day and Time: August 24 at 9:10

1. Try to remember the last national holiday that we have. Why do you think that the
common perception of a holiday is “no classes” (walang pasok) to the point that it has
become its meaning? What were lost, that we have come to view national holidays as this?
Why were they lost?

Every student feels exhaustion on their academic activities that lead to expectations of a
break from it. That's why we can't deny that we expect the suspension of classes or the "no
classes" (Walang PASOK) announcement every holiday. According to the meaning of Merriam
Webster, a holiday is a day on which one is exempt from work; specifically: a day marked by a
general suspension of work in commemoration of an event. That's why every holiday comes to
our mind the "rest," and that's why students also assume they are included from that said holiday
exceptions. It might be because the teacher is one of the workers, we expect we'll be affected by
their rest, but most of the time they're giving us a task to do during the said holiday that leads
start to complain. What was lost is that the real reason for the holiday. Some are enjoying if
there's a holiday even without knowing the real reason behind it. For example, is Aug. 21 in
which is Ninoy Aquino Day, a national non-working holiday, to commemorate the death
anniversary of former Sen. Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. If it looks like we were supposed to
respect it and try to remember what he had been done in our country. But, for some holidays,
which is supposed to be the rest of the workers, and a reason to enjoy the time with our family.

2. In Gottschalk’s book, history as now being read, is only a very minute portion of the
totality of history for very few information of the past were observed, few were remembered,
few were recorded, few survived. How would this affect your reading and appreciation of
history today?

History is about the things that happened in the past. It is the study that tackled the
events, problems, and people in the past. A study on how they conquered the problems
that happened many years ago. That’s why we need to know/study history because we
can use it to conquer also the issues that were happening now in our generation. But,
what if only a little information of our past is read now in our generation, it will affect the
readings appreciation in the history today?

Yes, it will affect the community of the learners now because we will never know the
whole story of the happenings in the past. We can’t properly study the reasons why there
are such things nowhere in our generation. We will never know the true story behind
those monuments of the heroes that defend our country, on how they conquer all the
enemies, and on how they gave their lives just to protect our land. Incomplete
 information can’t also tell those solutions that they came up with just to solve the
problems that they’d encountered problems in the society, in foods, and in the economy
of our country. Even though there are some films and stories about our history, we still
never know if it is the real happenings because nowadays, people can easily manipulate
every story, documents, event, and even the life of a person by the use of high-tech
gadgets.

3. In the same book, a monument, a relic, a document would remain simply data and will
never be historical source without human element. What does this mean?

History is part of our society because it deals with how we evolve and innovate in time. So,
finding the beginning of that innovation is difficult because of the lack of documents and
relics to prove how we develop. But, when archeologists find some record about the past, the
one who will examine that is the expert historian that focuses on specific artifacts or
documents. So that data or document that found will be discussed and will be called primary
sources. To begin analyzing and examining the documents. The historians find if this
document is authentic, genuine, and credible to make a study and research it so the result or
conclusion will be accurate and precise and not mislead the reader of the research they made.
Historians are why we learn how ancient times lived, the tools they use to make their life
easy in their time, and how ancient times' misunderstandings turn into conflict and result in
war. So, historians are a tool that can crack or decode the true meaning of the text or relics
discovered by the archeologist. The historians are the key to the hidden message of the past
that we need to learn because we can use it in the present to solve the problems that we deal
with right now. After all, history is repeating itself as time goes by. With the help of
historians, ordinary people can also learn how our past generation works, and the translation
that historians made it's easy to understand. So, if the historians don't do anything on the
relics or documents that have been discovered. The value of it will be a piece of paper or a
portion of junk by others.

4. In the historical method as discussed by Gottschalk, the third stage of the historical
method is the examination of genuineness of the source or material. Why, do you think, the
genuineness of the material should first be established before the extraction of credible
particulars would follow?

History is based on historical, narrative works and the documentation of people in the past.
So, if the material of historians is not genuine and authentic, maybe or clearly their study that
will be conducted is will lead to fail and mislead to the reader that will read their conduct
research.

The examination of the authenticity of the data must be the first one to be done before
knowing its credibility because studying the materials that might be part of the history must
go in step by step process. Like what Gottschalk historical method, the things that you need
to consider when studying the historical materials are checking the provenance of the origin
of the documents, the date of the document was written, the author's handwriting/gestures,
and the anachronistic style of the author. Those must be the first thing that they must
consider before extracting its credibility because when you check first the credibility of it and
the result of the authenticity check of the materials is fake, all of the efforts, expenses, and
ideas went to nothing. That's why planning or step-by-step process —like what Gottschalk
methods do— is a must for you to achieve the goals that you want to have.