Reaction Kerutics (A2) Metreda -for Following Pha com se of @ raection. 2 In odie to Pind out hew the rate of reaction changes with Hint wa hard do soltet a cuideble mmetted to follers the progress of avecction ©The method will wasn ether Ho rote of dicpprarance of & ranctont, er the rete of eppsecence: of 5 pede Ke oo Some methods ave as ftlew f. doclcha cheork reactions ©The. reaction is the oxidation of feclicte ions by Ay thoegen proiicte Umoler acich cohtitieh. HaOaeq+ 2Tiagy + 2Hlayy—> Tategy +24Dy, © fodine als raacts with Soceuim Hivslfets selection © Te the reection mixture Cinclading ths Storch selcion), @ very small fixed asmewd of sodium Harerlfate scludion ales added. © The thie wkfate tora will react withthe Pochice that 1's inctially preducact, arch so The iorking woull affect the starch, anol do rot shaw anny blue ode, © Heweuer, whinthet sinal abwsunt of sock thireubfecte hos bean vord up strane 'S nothin te stop tha rest let of Folie produced Bom raactiy with the starch. The wixtere then Gee+ The experiment com be plana to lok ot the, affict of chonyng the hyctrogim pore niche Coneautrdion , ov the jodie (oh concentration, oF The hychragen 10h concentrection each tins, and mut kup offer teeters constort . 2+ Recetion betwen bivmocthens onol Sodio heb xile © CHGCH, Br + OH” ——> CH3CH.0H + Br” © During the Uurse of the reaction, both bromoethang amc cockium Ayolra rite will get uasel up + Tha exprcéinend com be stortedk by mining equak votuine of bromorthane amck Sockitimn hyctronice ( beth of Seine conertation) . © At ragulontine inter vols clenitg He vraction, a pipette. was vard to choke. Sodnphes © The samples ave quenched by eutdling 0 bmn Volume Cohosin fo be an axctes) of stomcterel Hef. eThedt will wor wep otk the seckium hyclrox ide in the. imcxtere fo that the reaction stops « © Now titede Has proubtitty solition with stoner Sedliiin hydre xide. sctidtton, to fencl out quent ca Hes daffour in the wcrtere . tol eo That Lets Cotertachion t quenhty Hel vsecb “Pp, which is Pra seams a2 qasbty of sob Ig ole xi Ae nwt have, been prtomt in He ompral rrection nixhre . © This sett of Fechni que 5 known oa a bok titre’oh3. Colerine © Ih anny recetion Iwelling a cxtevrect substonce Cetther resctiig ov being prodmcat), & colorimeter iS Uaed to follow the courte of the reaction . tae ig sensitive ee ce. oncl neler. OTe coleun of the light cam be chansid by sebcting a porhicule- colounsel Pitre. The cdivr 1S chosen sothet if is the Pra pucny of light which i508 sre by the. = T 7 © Exomple raachion bit wun proporrons onel joins ih the présence of on acl catalyst CH Coch, +1, —H*—> CH: Coc, I + Ht*+17 © The solution of iodiue ih pyopamona storks uff brown, an than frcls thrngh orange to yellow thon to Urtowrlies ao the Todehe ws useck up + © A cederiimetnr cam measure the amernt of light lohech (3 obsorbad a it passes Horonph ox sebetion— Pacordsd aa the cbsorbanee of the solation , 2 Duvitg the exprimnd, dake the vsncling of absorbance. from fhe moter at 1 jade yale) amet then compared agant calibration curve fo convert Phose voluas into concert ong. Ta egy +2 HQ, 4) pressure bar ogurtinsnt — CCCHs), TZ) ——> C(CH),= CHayg, + Hig, ©. Kg SS Mithod V8. Direct Measurement Matte cl Direct mauuremut method de mit requcre the removed of samples from the reacting maxtire The vecction js determnnecl ot vagelon iidecvels With ot cbisterbihg the reaction net, ©. Sampling Method Tavite potrchad comtata: nation ds Tha rroction be rtre 0 Sampling mathe invelied mary stepa omcl potmbally eredt mere Enron «Rate Eqyrotone ©The rade equation mathematically Linke te the concondraion of reoctonts = can only be foond by deing achuel txpininats, not by locking at the chamecal +guation. © ES the chamcad equetion t A +284 X —> C+D © Arote equation: vote = k(A][B]™ where i nits rote : rate freation conc. (met dee’) tite ke trate constont —— deperol onthe rate sagaction L] ¢ tchentration mot Lin? © Intecpratation . The above rate equotien explaine thet the vote of reaction is! © Preportioncl to the cone of reactrat A cll [A] -will able vate © proportioned te He sputre of the onc B Hanae cnet properkicined te ths cone of X alfa [k]~ he = i‘ effet om rete,+ Example 1. — power of cone of reacterts rut fellow sfrichivinetric 21 ep + S2 Oy egy 9 Tey + 280,°%, rote = kIT] [S.0,°] (ec (rT Ls0e * Example 2.- may inet inclacle al (or any) peactents in Chetnetak equrcction wnilten . (C1a)3C- Clog + OH Wag) — (Cha), C-0 Hog, F Clog rete = kk [CcHs),c-CiJ (nde = [OW] nat opptow inthe vate eqeation) ° Example 3. - Mag include Substomces thet are not reactants ih the hebuitad eguortion 2Niy — > Now) vote = KIN]*[N,] Chote = thengh Ma is a product i the. chatatal &guchion)Order of reaction * [ndevidbaol orien — Tha power to whith & Cohten drotion is raised in the rete 2quoction . © Quscall oreo — The sum of all the jadi orctere inthe vote equechion « eeg. inthe vote eyechon, rete = k(AI(B]* © the order with weapet to Ais] (Ist ovelen’) © the ovclen with reapect rh Bis 2 (andl evel) othe ourall order is 3 (Bveb ovden Gemoralising the findings ° By cathy expeaineds inyelithy a reaction betwen A omot B, It was Foumel fh the vate of the beacon Was related t the cohemtretions of A onl B ih the way 2 ontenet remchion 7 wiirahane A orden of reaction 7 with vaspect to B h pote = KCAL [Be contin 7 q an i rt dia? rede. ih rote constat concendretion of A motcton #s ih tmertedac > © The readion is inth ovdir with rupet to A © The ranebion is hth order with viapatte B © The evirol oncter of the veection is the sum(m+h) © Values «ovis eed not be whole numbers The most Likely ovddin of rection Gre O, Lord. Bud other yaluts eee possible, for axample +63.«orders Cam be Zero if the rate iS unaffected by how puch Substance 1s preset « [sported neha The rete equction is derivect Aroha axpan maastl evithace not by tom an equation 7 Specie inthe shichiomebe equecion somet mea arewl ih the rete 2question = Substances tuck 1h The stoi ioteby 2quch®” Com Apres in the vate eqvedtion . © Rete equcctions for some reections : etic & Ye rete epoch | | Hap +Z2g9 —> 2HTy) if ksh] 2 NO) + COgy + Ontgy —2 NO aig) +COD19) r= k {vo} 2Hoyy) + 2Ny —> 2PbLy -+Nougr = kU Ive) Be Opi +88) by thi BBraty T3IOuy F=Kle-cIls- Example The racetion 2A4+B+C —72D4E rede equchon is > vate = kKLAJLB]~ Whet ove the indi vrdienl orders ancl evar! eviler fem the above veadion® The rrodion is Ist order with rupact tA. The vanction is 2nel onde with riopect t B The reaction iS Zio ove with rupet to C . The overoth order of He reedion is 3 -The vote comstot 2 The pede constact 1s Constant fer a givin recction ondy if ath the changing 1s the concentrstion of the rradets and the othon trots (4g bempacttine, woe of Cotrlyst ef) remains unchangact . © The vate constont varies for a vraction , Mf there 1s chengig in dhe tempacrters, of the reaction, octet & cetelyst , oy howe the coblyst Unds of Rete Constents + The units of the rete constowt clupancl om thy order ofthe reaction P Gn example of O first order rection ig (CHs), CB +04" —> H,) CCH 48-7 © Exprmudelly , the rete equetion is rote =k -[(C4s),C-8.] © Feamamging tha pede aqrcction _ lrete LCHs)2¢-Br] © Hence the unit of k= Urttef rete uncts of ([CH),C-Br] = molding ?st bro bin? =s7 The unt of the rate constent for all Ist orc vaection Fis 7h,© Second ordar reactions HCooNa + CH OH © Expreiinsnctally , the vate equcdion is rete = k.[Heooct ]LNaoH} © hamrranging He rate 2quetion Se cete K = TycooctsIEN=0H] - © Hence the units of K = a (Gas of coincentrations )* raot bin 3S ney oomtide aet S Tha units of the vecte constaut of Ul Seeoirl evetr reetiong are dimntmet 1S, © Thard oder renctiona An exemple. of 0 there ovcler reoehion #8 2NO+CH, ——? 2NMOCH © Ex periimiectally (the vote eynction is vate = k-[AC]* £04] © Hence the vv’ = eh ete rate, i al Lea orere ef concentrocions)” — metalnn igo! vst? hin dim? mt *57t o The umts for the rate constant of alt thirel ovder veactions are dinGinel 7S,