NAME:____________________________________________ Points Earned:___________

Section: __________________________________________ Date: ___________________

CHAPTER I

TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Anatomy and physiology laboratory challenges you to learn a great deal about human
structure and function in a rather informal, practical atmosphere. Despite its informality as a
learning situation, laboratory work does require some appreciation of the scientific method in
general and laboratory policy and procedure in particular.

Most of us are naturally curious about our bodies. This curiosity is apparent even in
infants when they gaze in fascination at their own waving hands or their mother’s nose.
Unlike the infant, however, an anatomy student must learn to identify body structures
formally.

This exercise present some of the most important anatomical terms you will be using
to describe the body and introduces you to Gross Anatomy, the study of body structures you
can see with your naked eye. As you become familiar with this anatomical terminology, you
will have a chance to examine the three-dimensional relationships of body structures using
illustrations and models.

OBJECTIVES:

1. Illustrate the different directions, body planes and sections.

2. Select the correct directional terms appropriate in reference the body parts
3. List the organs that belong to a system of the human organism.
4. Mark the major cavities, abdominal quadrants and regions and organs associated with
each cavity.
5. Utilize anatomical terminology in naming different parts of the body
Activity:

I. Match the terms in Column B to their descriptions in Column A. Write your answers in the
box provided.

Answer Column A Column B

A 1. Branch of biological science that studies
and describes how the body parts work or a. Physiology
function.
F 2. The study of the shape and the structures
b. Systemic Physiology
of the body part.
C 3. The study of group or organs that work in
coordination with each other to perform c. Systemic Anatomy
related function.
E 4. Study of structure that cannot be seen
d. Gross Anatomy
without the aid of an instrument.
B 5. Study of the function of the organ system. e. Microscopic Anatomy
f. Anatomy
II. Below are MRI images of different body parts. Identify the body planes depicted in each
picture with their respective body region/part.

1. FRONTAL PLANE
2. TRANSVERSE PLANE 3. MEDIAN PLANE
4. MEDIAN PLANE
5. TRANSVERSE PLANE

6. FRONTAL PLANE
III. A. Standing in an anatomical position: Use the correct directional terms in relation to the
following body structures.

1. The wrist is ___________ to the hand.

2. The trachea is___________ to the spine.
3. The kidneys are___________ to the liver.
4. The nose is ________________ to the cheekbone.
5. The chest is_________________ to the abdomen.
6. The knee is _________________ to the thigh.
7. The muscle is _____________ to the peritoneum.
8. The vertebrae are _____________ to the abdomen.
9. The shoulder is ________________ to the elbow, no matter how one’s arm is held.
10. The liver is _________________ to the feet.
11. The heart is ________________ to the right and left lung.
12. The skin is ________________ relative to the skeleton.
13. The ovaries are ________________ to the uterus.
14. The ankle is ______________ to the toes.
15. The abdominal cavity is lined with the ______________ peritoneal membrane.

Answer box

1.PROXIMAL 2.ANTERIOR 3.POSTERIOR

4.MEDIAL 5.SUPERIOR 6.INFERIOR
7.SUPERFICIAL 8.POSTERIOR 9.PROXIMAL
10.SUPERIOR 11.MEDIAL 12.SUPERFICIAL
13.LATERAL 14.PROXIMAL 15.SUPERFICIAL

B. Assignment: Take a photo of yourself in anatomical position both in frontal view and side
view. Label this photo according to the directional terms in relation to the anatomical position,
including the body planes.
IV. Identify the organ system to which the following organs/component belong to.

Appendix Answer box

1. Spinal cord
2. Esophagus
3. Urethra
4. Testicle
3
2. NERVOUS 3 DIGESTIVE 4 URINARY 5 REPRODUCTI
SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM VE SYSTEM
6 ENDOCRIN 7 LYMPHATIC 8 URINARY 9 LYMPHATIC
E SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM
10 REPRODUC 11 LYMPHATIC 12 LYMPHATIC 13 DIGESTIVE
TIVE SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM
SYSTEM
14 MUSCULAR 15 CIRCULAT 16 MUSCULAR 17 INTEGUMENT
SYSTEM ORY SYSTEM ARY SYSTEM
SYSTEM
18 INTEGUME 19 INTEGUME 20 INTEGUME 1. INTEGUME
NTARY NTARY NTARY NTARY
SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM
Mammary gland
4 Salivary gland
5 Urinary bladder
6 Thymus
7 Ovaries
8 Spleen
9 Lymph nodes
10 Pharynx
11 Tendons
12 Aorta
13 Biceps brachii
14 Humerus
15 Nails
16 Hair
17 Nerve
v. Overview of anatomy and physiology. Identify the body cavities depicted in the image and
write your answers in the box provided.

Answer box

1. THORACIC 2. DIAPHRAM
3. ABDOMINAL 4. PELVIC

5. ABDOMENOPELVIC 6. PELVIC
7. ABDOMINAL 8. THORACIC
9. HEART(THORACIC CAVITY) 10. THYMUS (THORACIC CAVITY
11. BLOOD VESSELS 12. TRACHEA
13. ESOPHAGUS 14. PUBIC SYMPHASIS
F. Give the correct anatomical terms for the following body structures.

Figure A.
Answer box

Anatomical Terms Layman’s Terms

1. OTIC EARS
2. BUCCAL CHEEK
3. MENTAL CHIN
4. OLAVICLE COLLAR BONE
5. AXILLARY ARMPIT
6. BRANCHIAL ARM
7. ANTECUBITAL ELBOW
8. ANTEBRACHIAL FORE ARM
9. CARPAL WRIST
10. PALMAR PALM
11. DIGITAL FINGERS
12. COXAL HIP
13. FEMORAL THIGHS
14. PATELLAR KNEE
15. CRUCAL LEG
16. TANSAL ANKLE
17. METATARSAL FEET
18. DIGITAL TOES
19. PUBIC GENTAL
20. INGUINAL GRAN
21. PELVIC PELVIS
22. UMBLICAL NAVEL
23. ABDOMINAL ABDOMEN
24. MAMMARY BREAST
25. STERNAL BREAST BONE
VERTE
26. THORACIC CHEST
27. CERVICAL ADAMS APPLE
28. ORAL MOUTH
29. NASAL NOSE
30. ORBITAL EYES
31. FRONTAL FOREHEAD
Figure B. Answer box

Anatomical Terms Layman’s Terms

1. CEPHALIC SKULL
2. ACROMIAL POINT OF
SHOULDER
3. OLECRANAL POINT OF ELBOW
4. METACARPAL BACK OF HAND
5. POPLITEAL HOLLOW BEHIND
ME
6. SURAL CALF
7. PLANTAR SOLE OF FEET
8. CALCANEAL HEEL
9. PERINEAL PERINEUM
10. GLUTEAL BUTTOCKS
11. SACRAL BETWEEN HIPS
12. LUMBAR LOIN
13. VERTEBRAL SPINAL COLUMN
14. SCAPULAR SHOULDER BLADE
15. CERVICAL BACK OF NECK
16. OCCIPITAL BACK OF SKULL

G. Listed below are body functions. Match the functions in Column A with the body system in
Column B. Write the letters of the correct answer/s on the blank provided for before each
number.

Answe Column A Column B

r
G 1. Support visceral organs a. Urinary
B 2. Perpetuation of species b. Reproductive
E 3. Oxygenation of blood and elimination of carbon c. Endocrine
dioxide
I 4. Conversion of foodstuff into substances which d. Nervous
can be absorbed by the body.
D 5. Control of sensation e. Respiratory
G 6. Locomotion f. Cardiovascular
F 7. Distribution of oxygenated blood to the body. g. Musculoskeletal
I 8. Processing of nutrients h. Integumentary
A 9. Elimination of nitrogenous waste products from i. Digestive
the blood
 C 10. Production of hormones

H. Identify the regions of the abdomen and the body organs that belong under it.

Figure A.
Answer box
Abdominal Regions Body Organs
1.RIGHT RIGHT KIDNEY,SMALL
HYPOCHONDRIA INTESTINE
C REGION
2.EPIGASTRIC
REGION

3.LEFT STOMACH,LIVER,PANCREAS
1 2 3 HYPOCHANDRIAC
. . .
4.RIGHT LUMBAR RIGHT COLON
REGION
4 5 6
. . . 5.UMBLICAL PARTS OF SMALL
REGION INTESTINE
7 8 9
6.LEFT LUMBAR DESCENDING COLON
. . .
REGION

7.RIGHT ILIAC ASCENDING COLON SMALL

REGION INTESTINE

8.HYPOGASTIC SMALL
REGION INTESTINE,REPRODUCTIVE
ORGANS
9. LEFT ILIAC SIGMOID COLON
REGION
Figure B. Answer box

Answer box

1. LEFT UPPER QUADRANT

2. LEFT LOWER
QUADRANT
3. RIGHT LOWER
QUADRANT
4. RIGHT UPPER
QUADRANT
I. Identify the body cavity involved in the following surgical procedures. Write your answers in
the box provided.
Answer box
1. TAHBSO
2. Coronary Bypass Surgery 1. PELVIC CAVITY
3. Appendectomy 2. THORACIC CAVITY
4. Bariatric surgery 3. ABDOMINAL CAVITY
5. Cholecystectomy 4. ABDOMINAL CAVITY
6. Laminectomy 5. ABDOMINAL CAVITY
7. Thoracentesis 6. CERVICAL SPINAL
8. Prostatectomy
CAVITY
9. TURP
7. THORACIC CAVITY
10. Discectomy
8. PELVIC CAVITY
9. PELVIC CAVITY
10. CERVICAL SPINAL
CAVITY