UNIT 1

INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY

PART 1: TEST FOR CRITICAL THINKING

1. A.
The stab that leads to bleeding resulted to a decrease in the
blood pressure of the victim. In this case, the negative-feedback
mechanism of the body was activated to reduce the intensity of
the lowering blood pressure. However, the blood loss is ramrods
the amount of blood delivered to the cardiac muscle are
insufficient; the negative feedback mechanism of the body to
regulate homeostasis is inadequate. Therefore, the positive
feedback mechanism of an unceasing blood pressure occurred. This
may lead to death. Hence, a medical intervention, the blood
transfusion, was executed to the patient. In consequence, blood
volume and blood pressure heightened. With the increase in blood
pressure, the positive feedback was interrupted and homeostasis
was restored.

B.
The pointed weapon passed through the thoracic cavity, parietal
pleura, pleural cavity, visceral pleura, left lung, visceral
pleura, pleural cavity, parietal pleura, parietal pericardium,
pericardial cavity, visceral pericardium and the heart
respectively.

2. Running requires a lot of oxygen as muscle cells use this element

to convert energy which is technically use to enable muscle
contractions. Thus, breathing intensifies after physical
activity. It is mainly due to the fact that oxygen level should
be maintained sufficiently. Also, the heart rate increases since
running drive muscle contractions and we know that heart is a
muscle. The more intensity the physical activity is, the faster
the pumping action of the heart, and thereby, the heart rate
increases. On the other hand, mechanism of the body due to the
heat produced by sudden muscle contraction would result to
sweating. The heat would dissipate into the air and through
evaporation of the water in sweat. Now, too much fluid is
secreted out of the body leading to lower concentration of water
prompt to release of hormones that makes a person feel thirsty.

3. Differentiation is the process wherein cell develops in order to

perform their specific function effectively. Cancer cells lack
differentiation that is why they are branded as “generic” cells.
They reproduce in a rapid rate withholding their chance to mature
leading to malfunction.
4. A.The forehead and the nape
 Anterior and posterior
 Superior and inferior
B. The palm of the hand and the olecranon

 Distal and proximal

 Anterior and posterior
 Superior and inferior
C. The kneecap and the heel

 Proximal and distal

 Superior and inferior
 Anterior and posterior
D. The clavicle and the spine

 Medial and Lateral

 Intermediate
 Anterior and Posterior

5.
A. PANCREAS
 Left upper quadrant
 Epigastric Region

B. BLADDER
 Right upper quadrant
 Right Hypochondriac region

C. OVARIES
 Right lower quadrant & Left lower quadrant
 Hypogastric region

D. BILE DUCT
 Right upper quadrant
 Right Hypochondriac region

E. APPENDIX
 Right Lower quadrant
 Right iliac region
PART 2: LABELLING EXERCISE

I. Label Approximately the body landmarks as included.

1. ORBITAL

6. NUCHAL

2. PECTORAL
7.VERTEBRAL
3.ANTECUBITAL

4. PALMAR 8. GLUTEAL

5. PATELLAR 9. SURAL

10. PLANTAR

II. Identify the following directional terms illustrated below.

12. MEDIAL 13. PROXIMAL
11. SUPERIOR

14. INFERIOR 16. DISTAL

15. LATERAL
III. Label the following. Anatomical planes and section.

17. TRANSTRANSVERSE 19. OBLIQUE

PLANE
SECTION
18. SAGITTAL
PLANE

IV. Mark the body cavity with the following.

20. CRANIAL
CAVITY

23. THORACIC
CAVITY 21. DORASAL
CAVITY

22. SPINAL
CAVITY
22. VERTEBRAL
CANAL
24. VENTRAL
CAVITY
26. ABDOMINOPELVIC
CAVITY

25. ABDOMINAL
CAVITY
26. PELVIC
CAVITY
V. Illustrate the anatomical position and present the nine abdominal regions

1. NINE ABDOMINAL REGIONS

2. ANATOMICAL POSITION
REFLECTION PAPER

1. Discuss your learning in this unit.

 We learned to engage the study of the processes and structures of Human Body. In Part 1 w/c is the
Critical Thinking, it teaches us on how to define, investigate, and analyze the problem while
avoiding fallacies and cognitive biases, and also build up knowledge about the problem. In Part 2 by
labeling the indicated figures we learned the body landmarks, directional terms, anatomical planes.
Body cavities and more.

2. Describe the particular concept that struck you the most

 The relationship of the positive feedback and the negative feedback to homeostasis really struck us
the most. It was very interesting to learn and to be able to understand the concept of maintaining the
balance in our body such as our internal body temperature. In Additional, the one that struck as also
is the anatomical planes and nine abdominal region which is we enjoy connecting or labeling this
activity.

3. State the impact of any of the topics to your everyday life.

 We learned how our body organs work and now we are aware of how to take care of it. It is useful
and helps to avoid confusion when pinpointing structures and describing locations of lesion.
Knowing your directional terms makes thing clear and save time. The understanding of our body
helps us to more value the life we have and appreciate its work in our daily lives. Staying healthy
physically can help you stay healthy emotionally too, because your body will be strong & help you to
cope with stress and also fight illness. And it will also help you stay in good health later in life.