Name : Raditya Sisuka Hakim

IRE Class 6
Student ID : 016202000029
Introduction to International Relations
Review 3 Questions

Review 3 Questions
1. How might realists explain the impact of globalization has on world politics ?
Answer :
The impact of globalization has on world politics
Globalization has created a big gap in the political life of the country. In other
words, current globalization is giving birth to a struggle for influence between countries.
That is what Ouugard (2004: 5) said "Global politics directs our attention to the
emergence of a fragile global polity within which„ interests are articulated and
aggregated, decisions are made, values allocated and policies conducted through
international or transnational political processes ". Global politics draws our attention to
the emergence of a fragile global government where interests are discussed and
aggregated, decisions are made, values are allocated and policies are carried out through
international or transnational political processes.
In a global political system, individual actors such as states and other
transnational actors behave in a variety of fundamental ways, not only in relation to
internal structures and processes in the political, economic, social and cultural
dimensions, but more than that in relation to their perceptions of their position and
position. their role in the global system. The position of the actors in the global political
system is measured from the power dimension which includes the capability of
persuading, leading, influencing, promising, attracting, rewarding, inspiring and
coercing. (Dougherty, In Winarno, 2014, p. Xviii).
The next phenomenon is that new problems that arise cannot be solved by each
national state alone, but rather together as a community of world citizens. This kind of
situation has led to the idea of global governance. Some thinkers believe that this idea is
 an attempt to answer the challenges that arise from globalization, which are new centers
of power, authority and competence outside the framework of the nation-state. According
to Rosenau, global governance is "an order that lacks a centralized authority with the
capacity to enforce a decision on a global scale" (Rossenau, 1992: 7). In another sense,
global governance is a movement that seeks to integrate transnational actors with the aim
of solving common problems and making decisions.
Although aimed at solving problems, global governance such as the IMF and the
World Bank still remains controversial regarding their role in development in third world
countries (Winarno, 2014: 204). In the context of global governance, the IMF and World
Bank have not been able to create equality, especially in assisting countries related to the
crisis, by taking over the command of the economic management of the recipient
countries. "After the Asian crisis in 1997, IMF policies actually exacerbated the crises in
Indonesia and Thailand." (Stiglitz, 2012: 24)
2. Why have critical theoretical approaches become more popular in recent years ?
Answer :
Because this critical theoretical approach is closely related to understanding
knowledge related to power. This critical theoretical approach assumes that science
cannot exist without ideology. Critical researchers believe that those in power shape
knowledge, in the sense that their job is to maintain existing conditions (status quo). Here
are some research perspectives critical theoretical approaches on TELEVISION :
1. Iswandi Syahputra (2010), Simulation of Mystical Islam and Implication of
Religious Meanings in the Divine Secret soap opera at TPI Station (MNCTV)
‖. This study seeks to reveal the forms of simulation in religious mystical and
mystical soap operas. The result of this research is that various types of
mystical-religious in soap operas that are broadcast by a number of televisions
show that television has become the center simulakra. Mystical simulacra
occurs not because of the routine factor of the media simulating mysticism,
but the involvement of the mystic society construction factor and the exposure
of modernity to the religious sector. These two factors are manifested in
various mystical simulations by religious soap operas. Mystical simulations
through soap operas that are broadcast on television result in a blurred reality.
 Syahputra's research examines the mystical religious soap operas that are very
trendy at that time with a postmodernist approach. The soap operas that have
emerged now have shifted to religious soap operas which no longer bring up
mystical stories. The differences with this research are in perspective, theory,
and method, where this res
2. Yu Shi (2008), namely The Rise of China's Media Supermarket
An Appraisal of Cultural Imperialism's Relevance to the Chinese TV Industry.
This research describes the commercialization of Chinese television in its
programming, genre, format, and content themes. Commercialization is expressed
in the interpretation of the boundaries of each television industry actor. Many
reject this commercialization symptom, but paradoxically they accept it as a goal,
even part of the development of Chinese television. Several factors that limit the
interpretation of industry professionals include the global influence of neoliberal
capitalist ideology, Chinese party-building ideology, the professional elite's own
social perspective, and post-communist Chinese propaganda. The limitation of
this interpretation as a pressure factor indicates the prevalence of the neoliberal
capitalist ideology in China, a testament to the accuracy of experts against cultural
imperialism. This study concludes that the implosive mode of corporate culture
homogenization is globally conditioned. But the domestic power of a country is
the only one responsible for their own domestic cultural space, therefore it is a
global media company that is free from the responsibility of cultural
imprisonment.earch is more directed towards critical discourse.
TELEPHONE :
Not only that, the telephone is one of the most prominent means of
communication and dominates people's lives in big cities. Transmission of
information by telephone is estimated to exceed the speed of any communication
model, besides being economical, precise, easy and cheap. So it is felt that the
role of the telephone as a medium of information transportation has truly been
able to substitute the existing means of transportation for objects. Thus, it is said
that the telephone is able to partially replace the transportation of objects (people
and goods). People no longer need to bother spending time and energy visiting
 each other looking for information, but simply pick up the telephone algae.
Therefore, telephone use is increasingly being felt as a necessity.
SMARTPHONE :
Likewise, smartphones are phones that have computer-like capabilities,
usually have a large screen and the operating system is capable of carrying out
general purpose applications. In other words, a smartphone can be categorized as
a mini-computer that has many functions and its users can use it anytime and
anywhere. According to Ally (2009, p.10), wireless, mobile, portable, handheld
devices are slowly being developed and diversifying education in various sectors,
both in developed and developing countries. Nielsen (2012) reports smartphone
users in 39 countries in the world and 13 of them are countries in Asia, including
Indonesia. In our country, the use of smartphones is very popular and familiar.
3. What do you think are the core issues for the study of global change, and how does
constructivist help you address those issues ? Alternatively, how does a construtivist
framework help you to identify new issues that you had not previously considered ?
Answer :
The core problems of the study of global change include :
A. The development of science and technology from various aspects of human life
in the field of communication
B. Social-cultural changes
C. Inventions of communication and transportation tools that have accelerated the
globalization process
D. Disaster environmental damage
E. Human safety
F. Regionalism
For example cooperation in improving the economy, both in terms of multi-
national entrepreneurs and small and medium entrepreneurs.
Here are some ways constructivism can address the core problems of the study of global
change :
Science and Technology :
A. New problem solving
B. Creating new knowledge for himself
C. Integrating the knowledge learned
D. Renewal and improvement efforts in the field of education
E. Include elements of constructivism that can be a trigger for students to take
advantage of other learning resources outside of UT printed teaching materials.
Security :
A. Carry out a securitization process or identify a political or non-political issue
B. Shaping national identity, norms and interests of a country
C. Creating security through social interaction between actors
D. Improve weaponry
Social and Cultural :
A. Loving domestic products
B. Forming a reality from each language used
C. Creating a social reality environment