Power Plant Engineering Final Exam 2013-2014:) ططخم و راخبلا لودج مادختساب حمسي s - h (Answer Five Questions Only

Al-Mustansiriya University Class: 4th Year
College of Engineering Time: 3 hrs

Mech. Eng. Dept. Date: 1/6/2014
Power Plant Engineering

‫ مشعل عبد األمير عبد الكريم‬.‫د‬
Final Exam 2013-2014

ANSWER FIVE QUESTIONS ONLY (h-s) ‫يسمح باستخدام جدول البخار و مخطط‬

Q1‐A: What is the difference between the dryness fraction and the void fraction? (10 Mark)
Q1‐B: A furnace wall riser, (18 m) long, (76.2 mm) outer diameter and (6.1 mm) thick, receives
saturated water at (10 bar) and (1.5 m/s) velocity. Assuming a circulation ratio of (12.5)
and a slip ratio of (1.2), determine the following: (10 Mark)
1. The pressure head developed.
2. The void fraction at riser exit.
3. The heat transfer rate per unit projected area of the riser tube.

Q2‐A: Write the names of the sections (Zones) that may be contained in the high pressure feed
water heater, then show graphically the temperature distribution of steam and water
along these sections. (10 Mark)
o
Q2‐B: Steam is generated at a pressure of (60 bar) and temperature of (400 C ) is supplied to a
turbine via a throttling valve which reduce the pressure to (50 bar). Expansion in the
turbine is adiabatic to a pressure of (2 bar). The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is (82
%). Draw the throttling and expansion processes on the (h‐s) diagram and determine the
following: (10 Mark)
1. The temperature of steam interring the turbine.
2. The moisture at the end of turbine expansion process.
3. The work output from the turbine.

Q3: A steam turbine gets its supply of steam at (70 bar), (450 Co). After expanding to (25 bar) in
high pressure stages, it is reheated to (420 Co) at the constant pressure. Next, it is expanded
in intermediate pressure stages to the extraction point for a direct‐contact feed water
heater to an appropriate minimum pressure such that part of the steam bled at this
pressure heats the feed water to a temperature of (180 Co). The remaining steam expands
from this pressure to a condenser pressure of (0.07 bar) in the low pressure stage. The
isentropic efficiency of the high pressure stage is (78.5%), while that of the intermediate
and low pressure stages is (83%) each. Draw a simple sketch of the cycle and show its
processes on the (T‐s) and (h‐s) diagrams, then determine the following. (20 Mark)
1. The minimum pressure at which bleeding is necessary.
2. The quantity of the steam bled per kg of flow at the turbine inlet.
3. The thermal efficiency of the cycle. (Neglect pumps work).
Created by: Assistant Professor Dr. Mishaal AbdulAmeer AbdulKareem

‫ مشعل عبد االمير عبد الكريم‬.‫د‬.‫م‬.‫أ‬
dr.mishal04@gmail.com
Al‐Mustansiriya University Class: 4th Year
College of Engineering Time: 3 hrs
Mech. Eng. Dept. Date: / / 2014

Final Exam 2013‐2014
nd
2 Attempt
ANSWER FIVE QUESTIONS ONLY (h‐s) ‫يسمح باستخدام جدول البخار و مخطط‬
Q1‐A: Write each of the following words with the correct number that is shown in figure (1). (10 Mark)
(To Superheater, Downcomer, Blow Down, Riser, From Economizer)

Q1‐B: Select the correct answer for each of the following: (10 Mark)
1‐ The value of void fraction (α) for saturated water flowing inside the downcomer is:
(a) α > 1 (b) α < 0 (c) α = 0 (d) α = 1
2‐ Which one of the following devices is used to control the temperature of superheated steam?
(a) Air Heater (b) spray type desuperheater (c) Riser (d) Economizer
3‐ The value of Terminal Temperature Difference (T.T.D) for a High pressure feed water heater is:
(a) T.T.D > 0 Co (b) T.T.D ≤ 0 Co (c) T.T.D = 1 Co (d) T.T.D = 10 Co
4‐ The heat transfer mode in the Pendant type superheater (PSH) is:
(a) Conduction (b) Convection (c) Radiation (d) Convection and Radiation
5‐ Which one of the following dimensionless parameters is defined as a volumetric ratio?
(a) Slip ratio (b) Void fraction (c) Work ratio (d) Drynesss fraction
Q2‐A: What are the advantages of steam superheating? (10 Mark)
Q2‐B: A spray type desuperheater is supplied with saturated water at (60 Co). It is connected in a steam line
carrying (200 ton/hr) of steam at (35 bar). Calculate the amount of water that must be sprayed per hour
to maintain steam at (400 Co) when the boiler load causes steam to leave at (450 Co). (10 Mark)
Q3: A (165 MW) Electric power is generated in a Reheat‐Regenerative steam power plant. The outlet steam
rate from the boiler is (3.95 kg/kW.hr) at (40 bar), (350 Co). The inlet boiler feed water temperature is (165 Co
saturated). The boiler efficiency is (88%). The steam is expanded in the first stage of the turbine until it is dry at
(30 bar), then it is reheated to (350 Co). (8%) of steam is extracted from the first stage of the turbine to heat the
boiler feed water. Calculate the fuel mass flow rate, if the high heat value of the fuel is (31 Mj/kg).
(20 Mark)


Al‐Mustansiriya University Class: 4th Year

College of Engineering
Time: 3 hrs
Mech. Eng. Dept. Date: 9 / 11 / 2014
Final Exam 2013‐2014

‫التكميلي‬ ‫الدور‬
Q1‐A: A (15 m) high downcomer‐riser circuit of a boiler that operates at (160 bar).
The riser receives uniform heat flux and saturated water to produce steam
at exit quality of (50%). Assuming a slip ratio of (1.2),
Calculate the following: (10 Mark)
1‐ The void fraction at riser exit
2‐ The pressure head developed due to natural circulation
 f  g   1  1 
Hint:  m   f  1
   1 ln
 1   1   
1    e 1     e 
Q1‐B: During a boiler performance test, the outlet steam mass flow rate from the
boiler is (25 kg/s) at (13 bar, dry). The inlet boiler feed water temperature
is (50 Co saturated). Calculate the steam generator efficiency if the fuel mass
flow rate is (2.5 kg/s), and the high heat value of the fuel is (32.5 Mj/kg).
(10 Mark)
Q2‐A: What is the difference between the dryness fraction and the void fraction?
(10 Mark)
Q2‐B: Steam initially at (15 bar, 300 Co) expands reversibly and adiabatically in a
steam turbine to (40 Co). Determine the ideal work output of the turbine
per kg of steam and find the dryness fraction at the turbine exit. (10 Mark)
Q3: The net power output of an ideal reheat‐regenerative cycle is (100 MW).
Steam enters the High Pressure turbine at (90 bar, 550 Co). After expansion
to (7 bar), some of the steam goes to an open feed water heater and the
remaining steam is reheated to (400 Co), after which it expands in the Low
Pressure turbine to (0.07 bar). (20 Mark)
Calculate the following: (neglect pump work)
1. The steam mass flow rate to the High Pressure turbine in (ton/hr).
2. The thermal efficiency.



Time: 3 hrs
Mech. Eng. Dept. ‫النھائي – الدور الخر‬ ‫االمتحان‬ Date: 17 / 2 /2015
Power Plant Engineering ‫للحاالت االنسانية واالستثنائية‬ ‫ مشعل عبد األمير عبد الكريم‬.‫د‬
2013-2014
Q1‐A
During a boiler performance test, the outlet steam mass flow rate from
the boiler is (90 ton/hr) at (13 bar, dry). The inlet boiler feed water
temperature is (50 Co saturated). Calculate the steam generator
efficiency if the fuel mass flow rate is (2.5 kg/s), and the high heat value
of the fuel is (32.5 Mj/kg). (10 Mark)

Q1‐B
(9 kg/s) of steam, initially at (40 bar, 300 Co), expands adiabatically in a
turbine to (4 bar). Determine the power produced if the isentropic
efficiency of the turbine is (78.5%). (10 Mark)

Q2
An ideal regenerative steam cycle using two closed feed water heaters
with drains backward, the steam is supplied to the turbine at (40 bar,
500 Co), and is exhausted to the condenser at (0.035 bar). The
intermediate bleed pressures are obtained such that the saturation
temperature intervals are approximately equal, giving pressure of (10
and 1.5 bar). (20 Mark)
1- The amount of steam bled at each stage.
2- The work output of the plant in (kj/kg) of boiler steam.
3- The thermal efficiency.

Q3
In an ideal reheat‐regenerative steam power plant, (210.24 ton/hr) of
steam enters the HP turbine at (80 bar, 500 Co), and expands till it
becomes saturated vapor. Some of the steam then goes to an open feed
water heater and the balance is reheated to (400 Co), after which it
expands in the LP turbine to (0.07 bar). Draw a simple sketch of this
cycle and show its processes on the (T‐s) diagram, then determine the
following, (Do not neglect the feed pump work): (20 Mark)
1. The reheat pressure.
2. The net power output in (MW).

Time: 3 hrs
Mech. Eng. Dept. ‫االمتحان النھائي – الدور االول‬ Date: / /2014
Power Plant Engineering ‫للطالب النازحين‬ ‫ مشعل عبد األمير عبد الكريم‬.‫د‬
2013-2014
Q1‐A
Steam initially at (15 bar, 300 Co) expands reversibly and adiabatically
in a steam turbine to (40 Co). Determine the ideal work output of the
turbine per kg of steam and find the dryness fraction at the turbine exit.
(10 Mark)
Q1‐B
(9 kg/s) of steam, initially at (40 bar, 300 Co), expands adiabatically in a
turbine to (4 bar). Determine the power produced if the isentropic
efficiency of the turbine is (78.5%). (10 Mark)

Q2
An ideal regenerative steam cycle using two closed feed water heaters
with drains backward, the steam is supplied to the turbine at (40 bar,
500 Co), and is exhausted to the condenser at (0.035 bar). The
intermediate bleed pressures are obtained such that the saturation
temperature intervals are approximately equal, giving pressure of (10
and 1.5 bar). (20 Mark)
1- The amount of steam bled at each stage.
2- The work output of the plant in (kj/kg) of boiler steam.
3- The thermal efficiency.

Q3
The net power output of an ideal reheat‐regenerative cycle is (100 MW).
Steam enters the High Pressure turbine at (90 bar) and (550 Co). After
expansion to (7 bar), some of the steam goes to an open feed water
heater and the remaining steam is reheated to (400 Co), after which it
expands in the Low Pressure turbine to (0.07 bar). (20 Mark)
1. The steam mass flow rate to the High Pressure turbine in (ton/hr).

Al-Mustansiriyah University Subject: Power Plant
Faculty of Engineering Time: Three Hours
Mech. Eng. Dept. Class:4th
Graduate studies Date: 10/6/2015
Exam : Final(1)
Answer five questions only 2014 – 2015 Max.Mark:100%

All questions have equal marks Use steam tables & (h-s) chart
Q1: A (15 m) high downcomer-riser circuit of a boiler that operates at (160 bar). The riser receives uniform heat flux
and saturated water to produce steam at exit quality of (50%). Assuming a slip ratio of (1.2),
Calculate the following: (a) The void fraction at riser exit (b) The pressure head developed due to natural circulation
 f  g   1  1 
Use: m   f  1    1 ln 
1    e 1     1   e 1   
Q2: A textile factory requires (10 ton/hr) of dry saturated steam for process heating at (3 bar) and (1 MW) of power, for
which a back pressure turbine of (70%) isentropic efficiency is to be used. Find the steam condition required at inlet
of the turbine
Q3: A Central-Receiver Solar-Thermal Power Plant uses (2000) heliostats that each have (40 m2) of reflecting surface
area, which receives normal solar radiation of (800 W/m2). The receiver converts feedwater from the condenser at
(0.07 bar) to steam at (34 bar and 315 Co). No feedwater heaters are used. Assuming absorption by the steam in the
receiver to be (60 %) of all radiation incident on the heliostats, and that (20 %) of all receiver energy goes to storage
at peak radiation, and that the turbine-generator mechanical-electrical efficiency to be (80 %). Find for the condition
at peak radiation: (a) The heat added to the cycle, in (MW) (b) The turbine steam mass flow rate, in (kg/hr) (c) The
generator output, in (MW)
Q4: A total power output of (190 MW) is generated from a combined power plant, which consists of a gas turbine unit
and a steam turbine unit. The exhaust gas from the turbine being the supply gas to the heat recovery steam generator
at which a further supply of fuel is burned in the gas. The pressure ratio for the gas turbine is (8/1), and the inlet air
temperature is (15 Co) and the maximum cycle temperature is (800 Co). Combustion at the Supplementary firing
equipment raises the gas temperature to (800 Co), and the gas leaves the heat recovery steam generator at (100 Co).
The steam condition at the steam turbine inlet is (60 bar, 600 Co) and the condenser pressure is (0.05 bar). Assume
ideal processes for both units. Neglect the mass of fuel and the feed pump work. Draw a simple sketch for the plant
and the (T-s) diagram and estimate the following:
(a) The mass flow rates of air and steam (b) The thermal efficiency of the combined plant
For compression process: - 1.005 , 1.4
.
For combustion and expansion processes: - 1.11 , 1.333
.
Q5: A furnace wall riser of a steam generator, (18 m) long, receives saturated water at (10 bar). Assuming a circulation
ratio of (12.5) and a slip ratio of (1.2), determine the following: (a) The pressure head developed (b) The void fraction
at riser exit
Q6 (A): A Pelton wheel has to be designed for the following specifications: Developed power = 6 MW, Net head available
= 300 m, Rotational speed = 550 rpm, Ratio of jet diameter to wheel diameter = 1/10, Overall efficiency = 85%,
Assuming: 0.98, 0.46 . Estimate the following:
(a) Number of jets (b) Jet diameter (c) Turbine wheel diameter (d) Volumetric discharge of water
Q6 (B): A steam power plant produce 40 and use a Once-Through circulating water system from a river to cool
its condenser. If (180 ton/hr) of dry saturated steam enters the condenser, and exit at saturated liquid state. Find
the steam pressure and temperature at inlet of the condenser, if the overall plant thermal efficiency is 25 % .

Examiner: Assistant Professor Dr. Mishaal AbdulAmeer AbdulKareem Head of Department:

Al-Mustansiriyah Subject: Power Plant
University Time: Three Hours
Faculty of Engineering Class:4th
Mech. Eng. Dept. Date: 13/9/2015
Graduate studies
Exam : Final(2)
Answer five questions only 2014 – 2015 Max.Mark:100%

All questions have equal marks Use steam tables & (h-s) chart
Q1: Steam at (60 bar, 400 Co), is supplied to a turbine via a throttling valve, which reduces the pressure to (50 bar).
Expansion in the turbine is adiabatic to a pressure of (2 bar). If the isentropic efficiency of the turbine being (82%).
Determine the temperature of steam interring the turbine and calculate the work output from the turbine.
Q2: An ideal regenerative steam cycle using two closed feed water heaters with drains cascaded backward, the steam is
supplied to the turbine at (40 bar, 500 Co), and is exhausted to the condenser at (0.035 bar). The intermediate bleed
pressures are obtained such that the saturation temperature intervals are approximately equal, giving a pressure
values of (10 and 1.5 bar). Draw a simple sketch for the plant and the (T-s) diagram and calculate the following:
(a) The amount of steam bled at each stage (b) The work output of the plant in (kj/kg) of boiler steam (c) The thermal
efficiency
 Neglect pump work
Q3: A Central-Receiver Solar-Thermal Power Plant uses (1000) heliostats that each have (60 m2) of reflecting surface
area, which receives normal solar radiation of (800 W/m2). The overall efficiency of the plant is (5 %). The efficiency
of the steam power plant is (30 %). It is assumed that, during operation a constant (20 %) of the incident energy on
the receiver is stored in a thermal storage tank, having an energy storage density of (0.15 MWh/m3) and filled with
(25 %) void rock and with sodium. Assuming all efficiencies are constant, estimate: (a) The power plant output
(b) The size of the thermal storage tank in (m3), for a (10 hr) night operation.
Q4: A combined power plant consisting of a simple open cycle gas turbine unit, using air as the working fluid (neglect
fuel mass flow rate), and a steam turbine is to be designed such that the heat rejected at the gas turbine unit is to be
utilized to produce steam at the heat recovery steam generator for the steam turbine. The exhaust air leaving the heat
recovery steam generator is at (200 Co). Draw a simple sketch for the plant and the (T-s) diagram and calculate the
mass flow rate of steam per (kg/s) of airflow, the total power output per (kg/s) of airflow and the overall thermal
efficiency of the plant. Assume ideal cycles. Neglect the feed pump work of Rankine cycle. The data of each cycle
are as follows:-
Gas Turbine Cycle Steam Turbine Cycle
Pressure Minimum 1 0.07
(bar) Maximum 5 30
Temperature Minimum 20
(Co) Maximum 830 300
For compression process: - 1.005 , 1.4
.
For combustion and expansion processes: - 1.11 , 1.333
.
Q5: A spray type desuperheater is supplied with saturated water at (60 Co). It is connected with a steam line carrying
(200 ton/hr) of steam at (35 bar). Calculate the amount of water that must be sprayed per hour to maintain steam at
(400 Co) when the boiler load causes steam to leave at (450 Co)
Q6 (A): During a performance test on a (1/5) scale model of a Francis turbine under a head of (1.5 m). A (5 kW) of power
was developed at (450 rpm). Estimate the speed and power of a full size turbine that operates under a head of
(30 m)
Q6 (B): A steam power plant produce 40 and use a Once-Through circulating water system from a river to cool
its condenser. If (180 ton/hr) of dry saturated steam enters the condenser, and exit at saturated liquid state. Find
the steam pressure and temperature at inlet of the condenser, if the overall plant thermal efficiency is 25 % .
Examiner: Assistant Professor Dr. Mishaal AbdulAmeer AbdulKareem Head of Department:

Power Plant Engineering Final Exam 2013-2014:) ططخم و راخبلا لودج مادختساب حمسي s - h (Answer Five Questions Only

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Power Plant Engineering Final Exam 2013-2014:) ططخم و راخبلا لودج مادختساب حمسي s - h (Answer Five Questions Only

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Copyright:

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Al-Mustansiriya University Class: 4th Year

College of Engineering Time: 3 hrs

Created by: Assistant Professor Dr. Mishaal AbdulAmeer AbdulKareem

Created by: Assistant Professor Dr. Mishaal AbdulAmeer AbdulKareem

Created by: Assistant Professor Dr. Mishaal AbdulAmeer AbdulKareem

Created by: Assistant Professor Dr. Mishaal AbdulAmeer AbdulKareem

Answer five questions only 2014 – 2015 Max.Mark:100%

Created by: Assistant Professor Dr. Mishaal AbdulAmeer AbdulKareem

Examiner: Assistant Professor Dr. Mishaal AbdulAmeer AbdulKareem Head of Department:

Answer five questions only 2014 – 2015 Max.Mark:100%

Examiner: Assistant Professor Dr. Mishaal AbdulAmeer AbdulKareem Head of Department:

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