Oil & Gas Pipelines

Helpful Technical Operation Data

Akachidike Kanu
Incidents Stat North Sea Data

Gulf Arab Data

Anchor or Impact
17%
Corrosion or
Anchor or Impact
15%Other Causes Material Other Causes
4%
55% 28%

Corrosion or Material
82%

Source: PARLOC 2001: The update of loss of containment data for offshore pipelines, 5th ed. (2013)

Source: Kanu, A: Offshore Pipeline Incidents Workshop Doha Qatar (2012)

Gulf of Mexico
Anchor or Impact
• $5.4 B - $8.6 B annual PL corrosion costs (+ OPEX & CAPEX) 13%
(NACE) Corrosion or Material
44%
• Improved detection and prevention methods key Other Causes
26%
• PIMS – unified, proactive, predictive approach to PL
incidents RM
• Covers the full range of “known” threats
• Internal & external corrosion, stress cracking, defects Source: PARLOC 2001: The update of loss of containment data for offshoreNat. Harzard
pipelines, 5th ed. (2013)
(manuf., constr., mat’l), 3rd party, etc. 17%
Defect Fingerprints Engineering & Technical Solutions
O2
• Material selection
• Line cladding
•
Source: Baker Hughes Inc. All rights reserved (2012)
Line coating
MIC
• Cathodic protection
• Continuous inhibitor injection
• Inhibitor batch pigging
CO2
• Line cleaning (Brush & scrapper pigs)
Source: Baker Hughes Inc. All rights reserved (2012)
• Line inspection & monitoring (ILI, ROV,
UT Scan, Coupons, ER probes)
H2S
• Clamp, weld, flange, repairs
• Line replacement
Source: Baker Hughes Inc. All rights reserved (2012)
Coatings Stat 40%
Field Weld Joint Coati ng

35%
Off shore Line Pipe Coating (thickness, mm)
30%
PE (3.6mm) PP (30mm)
4% 3LPPE (2.5mm)
4% 16% 25%

20%

3LPP/FBE (3mm/0.76mm) 15%

8%
10%

5%

0%

CTE (6.0mm) Source: Kanu, A (2014). All rights reserved

16%
FBE (0.7 mm)
52%
Source: Kanu, A (2014). All rights reserved
Riser Coati ng (thick., mm)

Ons hore Li ne Pi pe Coati ng (t hi ckne s s , mm)

PP/Neoprene
PP (3.5mm)
Coal-Tar/Neoprene*3LPP (2.5mm)
Other 3LPP (2.5mm) (30mm/12mm)
6% 11% (6mm/12mm)
Neoprene (12mm)
*CTE (6mm)
PE (3.6) 3LPPE (2.5mm) *PE (3.6mm)
22% 11%

P'chloroprene/FBE
(12.5mm/0.7mm)
*FBE (0.7mm)

CTE (6mm)
11%

Polychloroprene
(12.5mm)
Source: Kanu, A (2014). All rights reserved

FBE (0.65) Source: Kanu, A (2014). All rights reserved

39%
Integrity Management Framework Guide
Drivers
Drivers Current
Current practice
practice // Mitigation
Mitigation Improvement
Improvement measures
measures
Microbial
Microbial Induced
Induced Corrosion
Corrosion Biocide
Biocide injection
injection Sampling
Sampling and
and lab
lab testing;
testing;
Simulation/reassessment,
Simulation/reassessment, inhibitor
inhibitor
Composition
Composition induced
induced Corrosion
Corrosion Corrosion
Corrosion inhibitor
inhibitor selection
selection
External
External Corrosion
Corrosion CP
CP monitoring/
monitoring/ warping/
warping/ clamping
clamping Inspection,
Inspection, frequency
frequency resetting
resetting
Causation
Causation Wrapping/Mattress/crossing
Wrapping/Mattress/crossing agreements,
agreements,
Damage
Damage (construction,
(construction, anchors
anchors etc)
etc) etc
etc
Errosion
Errosion Flow
Flow assurance,
assurance, sand
sand control
control systems
systems Sand
Sand control
control

Workmanship
Workmanship (poor
(poor welding,
welding, QA/QC)
QA/QC) Issue
Issue Issue
Issue

Flow
Flow assurance
assurance Pig
Pig selection;
selection; sphere,
sphere, hard
hard body
body Bi-Di,
Bi-Di,
Flow
Flow regime
regime Increase
Increase pigging
pigging frequency
frequency to
to protect
protect from
from foam, etc.
low foam, etc.
Mitigation low point
point water/sludge
water/sludge settling.
settling.
Mitigation
(Operational)
(Operational) Corrosion
Corrosion inhibitors
inhibitors Continous
Continous CI,
CI, biocide
biocide injection
injection Continous
Continous reevaluation
reevaluation of
of effectiveness
effectiveness
Optimal
Optimal pigging
pigging frequency
frequency
Pigging
Pigging Cleaning
Cleaning and
and batching
batching New
New innovative pig design
innovative pig design

Proactive
Proactive approach
approach and
and technology
technology
General
General (AUT,
(AUT, Manual
Manual UT/ROV
UT/ROV Survey)
Survey) Per
Per company's
company's PIMS
PIMS policy
policy selection
selection
Inspection
Inspection In-line
In-line (ILI)
(ILI) Per
Per company's
company's PIMS
PIMS policy
policy Standardization
Standardization measures?
measures?

Riser
Riser Per
Per company's
company's PIMS
PIMS policy
policy Standardization
Standardization measures?
measures?
Kanu A, all rights reserved (2014)