HEALTH AND SAFETY PREPAREDNESS OF SOGO HOTEL IN SOUTH

CALOOCAN CITY

A Quantitative Research

Presented to the Faculty of the College of Business Administration

ABE International Business College, Caloocan City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Hospitality Management

By

Vito, Rinuel V.

Perit, Judy Ann V.

Reil, Jirah T.

June 2021
 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

“Carefulness costs you nothing. Carelessness may cost you your life.”
Safety saying, early 1900’s
“Safety isn’t expensive, it’s priceless.”
Author Unknown
“Prepare and prevent, don’t repair and repent.”
Author Unknown

Health and Safety preparedness refers to the preventative measures taken to

reduce the effects of a disaster on your property, family, and life. The goal is to lessen

the impact on your life and properly and gain some information about how the hotel

prepare themselves if natural disaster come, we know that emergency planning and

safety preparedness for a crisis are the most significant components of dealing with

disasters.

Hospitality practitioners noticed a rising numbers of natural disaster crises that

harm the hospitality industry, regarding its vulnerability to crisis and internal and

external hazards. By using secondary data, this study aims to shed some light on this

issue, contributing to knowledge and awareness on emergency preparedness for the

hospitality. Moreover, the study aims to explain the management's commitment to adopt,

develop, and update emergency plans.

 Health and safety are an important consideration for any workplace as it’s a high

priority to keep both workers and guests safe. To run an effective hotel business, it’s

important to have a hotel health and safety checklist in order to have a reference guide

to perform checks quickly and efficiently. Everything from fire safety to cleaning

procedures as well as training and documentation must be covered in your checks

(Shoes for Crews Europe, 2020).

The promotion of hotels and tourist sites to visitors and vacation advisers

requires a high level of safety. Disaster management frameworks are proposed by

practitioners based on a variety of metrics. Business retention is aided through crisis

recovery and learning, which reduces negative effects and prevents losses. To

overcome the risks and return to normal, as well as adversity, assessment and

feedback are critical.

Background of the Study

The researchers used Sogo as the particular hotel in this study. It is a 2-star

rating hotel and it has a lot of branches locally. It is a well-known budget friendly hotel in

the Philippines in terms of its accommodation.

In 1992, two persons founded the Hotel Sogo. The first is a hotel professional

with 20 years of experience, while the second is a commercial developer and contractor

with an "AAA" license. The term "Sogo," which means "harmony" in Japanese, was
added as part of the hotel chain's name. The hotel brand contributed numerous

innovations to the Philippines.

The Hotel Sogo has 25 different branches and all the rates are affordable. They

have three different kinds of room which are Economy Room, Deluxe Room, and

Executive Room. The Economy Room is usually offered to the budget friendly

customers that usually stay for short period of time. Deluxe Room is usually offered for

business purposes. It is also offered to couples that usually wanted to have quality time

with each other. Last, the Executive Room is being offered for a family or middle-class

level of person to enjoy more of their stay on the hotel because of its wider ambiance.

Sogo has first class amenities with bigger rooms and thematic atmosphere

which made them the classiest motel of its time and the most innovative. On the other

hand, the Geisha's covering of her face with a fan is reminiscent of Victoria's logo: black

and white silhouette of woman with a finger making a shush. Both images imply privacy,

if not secrecy. Safety plans for disaster and crisis in hotels are essential. Unlike other

budget hotels, Sogo does not have one. The researchers wanted to know if Sogo Hotel

can make sure that clients are secured and safe in case of emergency.

The researchers noticed that most of the budget hotels lack security, especially

during calamities and crisis. A secured and protected accommodation is one of the

essentials that a customer would inquire. This study caught the attention of the

researchers because this is one of the requisites of the customers. Choosing hotel that
is affordable, efficient, and a safe one. Recently, the tourism industry in the Philippines

is facing increasing rates of disasters and crisis in our country.

The researchers wanted the readers to recognize that safety preparedness of

budget hotels is not common in the hotel and management industry. Nevertheless, in

this study, the researchers preferred the readers to gain knowledge about the

effectiveness of safety preparedness for natural disasters and crisis in the hotel industry.
 Theoretical Framework
Plans implementing and evaluation

PREPAREDNESS AND PLANNING

EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
AND PLANNING
-Proactive planning and emergency
preparedness hazard scanning; issue
management; forecasting; risk reduction;
safety; security
-Adopting and Developing Plans; Analysis.
IMPLEMINTATION
EVALUATION, RESOLUTION
- Planning evaluation and control; AND LEARNINGS
Formulation of planning alternatives; evaluation
alternatives planning; Managerial
empowerment; -Resolution and Normality;
Resolution and Restoration the hospitality
-Disaster Communication; industry to the Pre - event stage, reevaluating,
re-planning, effectiveness, reinvestment,
communication control; public relation; resourcing, modification.
collaboration; applying short- and long-term
strategies; media relation; official spokesman. - Organizational Learning- Evaluating
planning; Feedback; Learning.
-Resources Management; Financial
situation; leadership style; employee
empowerment.

-Stakeholder Collaboration; Owners,

Managers, Employee (Internal) Guest,
Tourist, Government, media (External)
effective collaboration.

Understanding crisis and disasters

1 - Pre-Event 2 - Emergency 3 -Intermediate 4 - Recovery 5 - Resolution

- Prevention - Disaster Hit -Restoring Services -Repair -Normal state Creation

- Preparedness -Action Needed - Short Term -Reinvestment

-Limit Damage -Long Term

FIGURE 1 Emergency preparedness theoretical framework for the hotel industry.

Source. Adopted from Faulkner (2001); Ritchie (2004).

This study proposes a theoretical framework (Figure 1) from the literature

adopted from Faulkner’s (2001) disaster management framework, and the

implementation of the same model by Faulkner and Vikulov (2001) and Ritchie (2004),

which proposed that disaster responses could be categorized into six stages: pre-event

phase, when planning for the disasters and trying to prevent and mitigate their effects,

the need to activate the managerial plans where the hospitality industry has no choice

of avoidance and must face the hazards; emergency phase, when the disaster strikes

and begins doing damage to the destination; intermediate phase, where emergency

plans should be adopted to help people and satisfy their needs; recovery phase, where

the long-term plans should be applied and affected destination should be rebuilt; and

finally in the resolution phase, crisis management should be evaluated and improved

and organizational learning should be undertaken, to plan for the next hazards and try

to mitigate the effect of the next disasters (Faulkner, 2001; Faulkner &Vikulov,

2001; Ritchie, 2004).

 Conceptual Framework
Health and safety should be a priority for any business but ensuring compliance

can often feel like a daunting task. We’re here to help you turn complex regulations into

sensible, proportionate controls.” (Nick Wilson)

A hotel's reputation is staked largely on the guest experience, and investing in

proper security services plays a central role in ensuring guests feel safe and protected.

It also protects the owners from the damages and costs that may arise from hazard and

natural crisis. The conceptual paradigm indicates the input which has the significant

variable in this research in terms of planning, implementation, and evaluation of the

hotel into a natural disaster happened in the hotel. Next, the process that contains data

analysis through the interview survey. Lastly, the output which contains the data of

defining the significant of health and safety preparations of the hotel specially Sogo.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Data of Safety and health

preparedness of Sogo
Hotel in natural disaster Defining the significant of
such in terms of. Analysis of data through
health and safety
 Planning the questions provided by
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
 Coordination preparations of Sogo
survey.
 Evaluation Hotel
 Response
 Command Problem
 In the conceptual framework, the researchers used input, process and output

paradigm to indicate the aim of our research which is defining the significant of health

and safety preparations of Sogo Hotel in terms of planning, implementation and their

evaluation that they do. The whole process of the research will give knowledge to the

customers of the given hotel as well as the employees and the management about the

safety of their hotel.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to identify the significant of health and safety preparations of

Sogo Hotels well as the effectiveness emergency management practices of it.

Hotels are definitely one of the fastest-growing sectors in the tourism sector and

it is truly justified as accommodation is the key part in the development of any country or

region's tourism. As we a tourism student we pick hotel because it is also a potentially

large employment opportunity for us and Hotels are a major part of this Hospitality

Sector.

Specifically, the researchers seek to answer the following questions with their

demographic profile:

What is the profile of the respondent in terms of?

 Name.

 Age.

 Position.
 Statement of the Problem This study aims to identify the effective emergency

management practices of Sogo Hotel. Specifically, it seeks to answer the

following questions:

1. What is the level of agreement in terms of Sogo Hotel's effective safety

preparedness?

1.1 Communication, Planning, Coordination, Response and Command

Problem

1.2 Learning, Training and Performance assessment problems

1.3 Poverty, Rumor and Community preparedness problems

1.4 Disaster mental health

2. What are the practices in safety preparedness management of the Sogo Hotel?

3. Is there any significant difference in the level of agreement in effective safety

preparedness between the employees and management?

HYPOTHESIS

The first and only hypothesis that the researchers provided is given to

interpretation of defining the significant of health and safety preparations of Sogo Hotel.

Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the safety and health

preparation of Sogo hotel in terms of planning, implementation and evaluation.

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significant difference between the safety and

health preparation of Sogo hotel in terms of planning, implementation and evaluation

that. Suites to two-star hotel quality standards.

Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study is limited to an investigation as a tool to further improvements for the

safety readiness of Hotel Sogo by knowing their industry and its usage, the safety and

images of the said most lodging chain in our country Philippines.

This paper covered the study relating with the safety preparedness and disaster

and its scope is to reduce loss of the society at large as well as to reduce personal

suffering and speed recovery.

This study faced various difficulties, starting from setting the objective, problem

recognition, and conducting the interview survey questionnaire to complete the study.

Significance of the Study

The analysis and findings of the study will provide more valuable understandings

towards the idea of the Health and Safety preparedness of Sogo Hotel. Having

knowledge about safety preparedness for natural disaster and crisis in the hotel industry

is one of the most important elements in the hospitality and tourism industry nowadays.

This study will be beneficial to the following:

The Department of Tourism (DOT): is in charge for the regulation of the Philippine

tourism industry. It is also responsible for promoting our counting, the Philippines, as a

tourism destination; Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is a government

agency responsible for supervising all corporations and partnership in the

Philippines, licensing, regulation and registration; Bureau of Fire Protection is

responsible for saving the lives of people and to protect their properties.

The Sogo Hotel: are responsible for accommodating customers as well as to

provide them safety and security.

The Hotel staffs: will identify all critical areas of the facility; including general

conditions of their buildings i.e. roof flashing and drainage openings.

The Customers and clients: of the hotel will serve this as one of the guides in

choosing their hotels and be aware of the safety preparedness for disaster and crisis.

The Future researchers: will have a benefit in seeking information when they

use this study for their research.

Definition of Terms
The following words below were specially used in the study:

 Accommodation – A room, group of forms, or building in which someone may

live or stay.

 All-Hazard- Groupings classification encompassing all conditions, environment

or man-made, that has the potential to cause injury, illness, or death; damage to

or loss of equipment, infrastructure services, or property; or alternatively causing

functional degradation to social, economic, or environment aspects.

 Budget Hotel - A hotel that provides minimum amenities and services for a lower

price than a regular hotel in the area.

 Crisis- the turning point of a disease when an important change takes place,

Indicating either recovery or death.

 Coordination - The act of making all the people involved in

a plan or activity work together in an organized way

 Costumer – Someone who is purchasing products(S) and/or service(S) from a

hotel; may also include an agent acting on the Customer’s behalf.

 Command issues - the act of sending or giving out something.

 Disaster- Unexpected bad happened such as an accident that has great impact

or loss of life.

 Disaster mental health - the provision of mental health, substance abuse,

and stress management services to disaster survivors and responders.

 Emergency - Unexpected and often dangerous to a person requiring an

immediate action or treatment.

 Evaluation- The systematic assessment of the relevance, adequacy, progress,

efficiency, effectiveness, and impact of a procedure.

 Health - Is a state of physical, mental and social well-being in

which disease and infirmity are absent.

 Hotel - Is a type of institution that offers paid lodging for a certain period of time.

Hotels frequently offer a variety of additional guest services, such as restaurants,

bars, swimming pools, healthcare, and retail shops; business facilities, such as

conference halls, banquet halls, and boardrooms; and space for private events,

such as birthdays, weddings, and kitty parties, among others.

 Hotel Industry - All forms of business relating to the provision of accommodation

in lodging, food and drinks and various types of other

services that are interconnected and from intended for the public service, both of

which use the lodging facilities or who simple use the services or the production

of certain of the hotel.

 Hospitality Industry- A broad category of fields with service industry that

includes lodging, event planning, theme parks, transportation, cruise line, and

additional fields within the tourism industry.

 Improvement Plan - is a great way to give struggling employees the opportunity

to succeed while still holding them accountable for past performance.

 Journals - a newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular subject or

professional activity.

 Management - the peoples in charge of running a company or organization,

regarded activity.

 Methodology - a system of methods used in particular are of study or activity.

 Motel - a roadside hotel designed primarily for motorist, typically having the

rooms arranged on a low building with parking directly outside.

 Personal Interview - a survey method that is utilized when a specific target

population is involved.

 Plan - design or make a plan of (something to be made or built).

 Performance Assessment - Alternative or genuine assessment is a type of

testing that asks students to complete a task rather than choose an answer from

a pre-determined list of options.

 Preparations - the action or process of making ready or being made ready for

use or consideration.

 Poverty - is a state or condition in which a person or community lacks the

financial resources and essentials for a minimum standard of living

 Quantitative Methods - used to gather data for the purpose of analyzing

quantity and numbers, and deriving meaning and understanding from these.

 Researchers - diligent and systematic inquiry or investigation into a subject in

order to discover or revise facts, theories, application, etc.

 Respondents - a person who replies to something, especially one supplying

information for a survey or questionnaire or responding to an advertisement.

 Safety - the condition of being protected form or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or

injury.

 Safety preparation - a precaution that is taken in order to ensure that

something is safe and not dangerous.

 Satisfaction - fulfillment of one’s wishes, expectations, or needs, or the pleasure

derived from this.

 Security- The state of being free from danger or threat.

 Rumor - an unofficial interesting story or piece of news that might

be true or invented, and quickly spreads from person to person

 Survey - investigate the opinions or experience of (a group of people) by asking

them questions.

 Two - star hotel- is a hotel that provides the bare essentials with some comfort

quality.
 Training-is a fundamental idea. It is focused with teaching and practicing a

certain talent to a desired quality. Training is a powerful tool for putting a person

in a position where they can execute their work accurately, efficiently, and with

integrity.
 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Introduction

Related literature is composed of discussion of facts and principles to which the

present study deals is related on the other hand, studies, inquiries, or investigations

already conducted to which the present proposed study is related or has some bearing

or similarity. It is usually unpublished materials such as manuscripts, theses, and

dissertations.

Hotels, like any other businesses in a given location, can be threatened

by natural disasters, usually with significant and long-term consequences.

The hotel industry is particularly vulnerable and exposed to the risk of property being

physically damaged or completely destroyed and the aim of our study is to define the

significant of health and safety preparations of Sogo Hotel located in South Caloocan

City.

Risk Management of Tourist Hotel

According to Lado-Sestayo et aL., (2018) observes, overall, the findings suggest

that hotel characteristics are the most important factor influencing performance. The

hotel industry, in particular, has a minimum efficient scale. The second most significant

factor is location. The relevance of geographical location models, agglomeration models,

and competition models in the research of the influence of location on hotel

performance is confirmed in this work. In terms of management techniques, excellent

asset management has a beneficial impact on performance.

Vivel-Búa et aL., (2018), Say that drivers of credit risk in the Spanish hotel

industry were studied using panel data models on 734 micros, small, and medium-sized

businesses (MSMEs) from 2005 to 2011. This research is significant since credit risk is

a key variable for a variety of stakeholders. However, previous research has ignored the

significance of location as a predictor of credit risk, instead focusing on hotel features.

This article examines both types of variables at the same time. Overall, the findings

emphasize the significance of the hotel's location as a predictor of credit risk.

Specifically, seasonality, the level of market concentration and the distance to the tourist

destination Centre have a significant impact on the financial stability of the hotel. Other

factors related to hotel characteristics that prove significant are diversification, liquidity,

indebtedness, operational efficiency and profitability.

Apart from the range and quality of services, location is the most significant

aspect determining the development of the hotel business. As Lado-Sestayo et aL, and

Vivel-Búa et aL.,(2018) says It is great importance with reference to hotels which offer

is addressed to business tourists, especially to those who travel in order to attend

various meetings and Location is an important reason for selecting a hotel, especially

for economy and mid–scale guests a positive/negative guest experience can impact

a hotel's reputation and may trigger recommendations or reviews about that experience

and as well as the preparation in safety the most important of it, hotel must assure the
health and safety of the location of the hotel not just the profit of it but as well as the

safety of it for the guest and employee.

Earthquake Preparedness in the Hotel Industry

According Nguyen et aL., (2018) writes, the topography of many coastal

locations provides a range of intrinsic resources that serve as the foundation of their

tourist industries, while also exposing the area to natural disaster hazards. Despite the

fact that literature in the disciplines of tourism and disaster management has highlighted

the accommodation industry's potential in disaster preparedness, after the 2011 Great

East Japan Earthquake, only a few hotels were classified as evacuation facilities. Using

a combination of survey and interview methods, this research investigated the state of

disaster management collaboration between local governments and hotels. Three

Japanese cities were selected due to similar population sizes, presence of a tourism

economy, and a history of tsunami vulnerability. Interviews revealed a number of

common barriers hotels faced in adopting disaster preparedness initiatives, such as

evacuation training, maintaining emergency supplies, and communicating hazard risks

to tourists. The presence of a destination marketing organization in one city, contributed

towards improved collaboration between the public and private sectors, allowing

stakeholders to overcome some of the financial, knowledge, and human resource

limitations facing them.

 Tuladhar, S. (2016) states, Disasters pose a major danger to the hospitality

industry, with just a handful of these businesses planning for adequate disaster

management. Nepal has a high risk of natural catastrophes, and on April 25, 2015, it

was rocked by a massive earthquake that was followed by 400-plus aftershocks,

wreaking devastation mostly in the country's eastern, central, and western regions. The

purpose of this essay is to provide some insight into the effects of the earthquake on the

hotel industry. While preparing this article, secondary data from numerous papers,

media articles, government reports, and research done by people and groups were

taken into consideration. Some persons affiliated with hotels of various categories in

various regions were also questioned to gain a more in-depth understanding of the

disaster's impact. Most tourism-related organizations and activities have been impacted

by the earthquake's damages and losses. As a result, all interested stakeholders –

regardless of their size or scope of operation – have had to reconsider their disaster

preparedness plan. Following a thorough examination of the situation, all hospitality

businesses are advised to prioritize the need and put disaster and crisis management

into practice.

Each time there is a major disaster, lives are lost. Preparation can cut down on

the loss of lives, which is why you should have a plan in place in case there is

an earthquake. You can come up with a plan easily if you go

through earthquake preparation training, Tuladhar, S. (2016) state that we have had to

reconsider their disaster preparedness plan. Following a thorough examination of the

situation, all hospitality businesses are advised to prioritize the need and put disaster
and crisis management into practice and the insight of this is to look at the effect of

earthquake into hotel industry that is why preparation is important as well as the

practice of it. and Nguyen et a., (2018) says that The presence of a destination

marketing organization in one city, contributed towards improved collaboration between

the public and private sectors, allowing stakeholders to overcome some of the financial,

knowledge, and human resource limitations facing them, allowing the government to

evaluate the safety preparedness of the hotel has a big impact in the hotel to reduce the

losses and to ensure the safety of the guest and the employee of the hotel.

Overall being prepared in earthquake disaster is an important issue in of the

hotel not just to reduce the impact in the hotel but to give assurance to client and staff

about earthquake disaster.

Fire Safety Assessment in the Hotel.

According to Guangfan Li et aL., (2014) concludes tourist hotels are part of the

service sector, fire safety is crucial. Because of the hotel's intricacy, the majority of

visitors are unfamiliar with the surroundings. It would be difficult for them to leave the

building in the event of a fire. As a result, this research assembles and organizes

records, rules, and cases. This research highlights the major components of the fire

safety risk assessment application by using risk management: Every day, check to see

whether any fire evacuation facilities have been blocked, as well as any big danger

items.
 Kobes et aL., (2007) Write about the observes, for the fire safety in buildings, the

required measures are technology based. According to the Dutch Building Regulation

buildings should be designed in such a way that occupants can escape by themselves

in case of fire. However, case-studies show that occupants often are found to be

incapable to escape in time. It is also found that occupants often not behave accordingly

the assumptions in the regulations. As a result, it is preferable to base building fire

safety on real-world human behavior in the event of a fire. In general, little is known

about how people react to flames. Incident evaluations and real-life experiments, such

as unannounced evacuation exercises, are the most common methods used to study it.

Researchers have been slow to accept virtual reality's capabilities for researching

human behavior in flames. Nonetheless, because test subjects may safely experience

the phenomena of fire in virtual surroundings, the use of a behavioral assessment and

study tool in virtual reality is predicted to be a beneficial addition to conventional

research techniques.

Hassanain, (2009) writes, identifying the set of factors that render hotel facilities

a high‐risk type of facilities in fires; investigating potential high‐risk areas to fires in

hotels; exploring the role of hotel managers towards operating safe hotel facilities;

discussing the concept of fire risk management, and the role of fire safety inspections

as a risk mitigation strategy to ensure the adherence of existing hotels to fire safety

legislation; and describing a methodical approach that fire safety inspectors can follow
while conducting fire safety inspections. The paper also presents the development of a

qualitative fire risk assessment tool, whereby existing hotel facilities can be assessed.

Helsloot et al., (2010) State that he concludes, building characteristics may

affect evacuation behavior, according to findings from previous studies on fire

evacuation and way finding. Way finding, for example, is thought to be heavily reliant on

the layout of the Structure and barely reliant on (escape) route signage. Although

certain topics are looked upon, they are not explored in depth. In particular, there is

limited understanding of how people discover their escape path, and how this process

may be aided by layout and design approaches. As a result, there is a need for

understanding of the decision-making processes that evacuees go through. The

findings of 83 nighttime evacuation tests in a hotel structure are given in this study. The

study's major focus is on navigating during a fire evacuation. We studied the effect of

smoke and low-placed escape signals on human fire reaction performance in the

evacuation tests. The investigations are conducted using a standard research approach,

which involves registering and evaluating unannounced fire drills. The study is

conducted as part of the validation of a new research method that makes use of serious

gaming. The results of the study suggest that smoke has influence on the route choice:

when no smoke is perceptible the majority of the participants escape via the main exit

and when smoke blocks the route towards the main exit, the majority of the participants

escape via the fire exit. Furthermore, low placed exit signs appear to have a positive

influence on the use of the nearest fire exit. The personal feature of prior knowledge of

the surroundings (or type of surroundings) is also found to have a positive influence on

the use of the nearest fire exit. Self-assessments and interviews after a fire evacuation
are found to be a disputable method for research on human behavior in fire. A real-time

observation of the people's behavior during evacuation is considered to give more

reliable results.

It is crucial for the hotel management to organize ordered and timely

escape plan like fire evacuation routes posted in each room, and conduct emergency

response and fire prevention training for such cases. By having fire safety systems in

place, customers will feel more secure.

According Helsloot et al., (2010), Hassanain, (2009), Kobes et AL., (2007)

and Guangfan Li et al., (2014) all of them conclude the importance of having a fire

preparation of the hotel and Establishing a Fire Prevention Plan.

A fire prevention plan provides facilities with documentation outlining the

employees responsible for identifying combustible materials, fire hazards and heat-

producing equipment. It also outlines the procedures necessary to prevent potential

emergencies, having a fire prevention plan of the hotel is very important because

putting a fire prevention plan in place can significantly reduce the extent of damage that

a fire can cause and help to avert one from breaking out in the first place. A fire

emergency evacuation plan details how you and your staff, throughout the building, can

exit in a safe and appropriate manner but our aim is to save lives and minimizing the

Damage and having effective procedures and measures in place can save
lives. Fire alarms, smoke detectors, emergency lighting, fire exits and escape routes are

all measures that can be taken to minimize the damage of fires when they do occur.

Disaster Preparedness of Hotel Industry

According to AlBattat & Som, December (2014). States, over the last few

decades, the number of disasters in the hotel sector has gradually grown. Disaster

management has become a significant problem as hospitality key stakeholders seek

strategies to deal with these unforeseen catastrophes, which pose dangers to the

survival of hospitality companies and generate a slew of issues for both the private and

public sectors. Emphasized that assessing the current level of disaster planning and

preparedness in the hospitality industry, as well as examining the relationship between

organizational factors (type, size, and age), disaster planning activities, and disaster

preparedness, is critical to the resolution of a disaster. In recent years, a slew of

disastrous incidents have rocked the hospitality sector, raising awareness among

emergency managers and academics on how to understand, manage, and overcome

the impact of catastrophes on the business. When dealing with disasters and crises, this

is a serious flaw. Other academics describe how emergency management may help the

hotel business avoid losses. The disaster as “an extreme event with a natural,

technological or social cause that has consequences in term of casualties, and

disruptive events which threaten people, properties, and environment and which

requires a coordinated and rapid response.

 Chung-Hung Tsai et al., (2020) write the elements and dimensions of hotel

disaster prevention literacy were derived through a series of in-depth interviews and two

rounds of modified Delphi method. Disaster prevention knowledge, disaster prevention

mindset, disaster prevention abilities, and disaster prevention services were recognized

as the four important dimensions. Second, a one-group pretest-posttest experimental

design was adopted to assess the effectiveness of disaster prevention training for hotel

staff using the hotel disaster prevention literacy scale. The result revealed that staff who

took part in the training displayed a significantly higher level of disaster prevention

literacy in all four key dimensions compared with those who did not participate in the

training. The results provide useful theoretical and practical insights into disaster

prevention management in the hotel industry.

Seyed Ali Badri &Nasrin Kazemi (2020). Concludes that, Different calamities

have struck hotels in diverse locations, demonstrating the hospitality industry's fragility

and the need of disaster planning. Despite the fact that research on hotels and

catastrophes has revealed a lack of readiness to the point that hoteliers have been

startled by disasters, none of them have explored a framework to assess disaster

preparedness and the variations in this business. As a result of a comprehensive study

of catastrophes' effects on hotels, an index-based strategy to measuring disaster

preparation was developed. According to the findings from the Tehran hotels, the

preparatory measures implemented by the star hotels may be divided into three

categories: measures taken by all hotels, measures denied by all hotels, and measures

that are different. Results confirmed a correlation between the hotels’ preparedness and
their quality rate. In this regard, financial resources, human resources, management

approaches, hotels’ facilities, and structure were among the main reasons for the

differences existing between the hotels. The lack of crisis management knowledge, risk

perception, and priority for preparedness against the disasters were determined as the

factors that must be considered in the disaster plans for hotels.

Being prepared can reduce fear, anxiety, and losses that accompany disasters.

Communities, families, and individuals should know what to do in the event of a disaster

and where to seek shelter during a powerful disaster came according to AlBattat & Som,

December (2014), Chung-Hung Tsai et al., (2020) and Seyed Ali Badri &Nasrin Kazemi

(2020). disaster preparedness of the hotel can avoid loss in profit and being

knowledgeable of the employee about the natural disaster can result to rapid response

in disaster and can save life disaster preparedness planning involves identifying

organizational resources, determining roles and responsibilities of each and every one,

developing policies and procedures and planning preparedness activities aimed at

ensuring timely disaster preparation and effective emergency response can result to

reducing of overall risk to the hotel.

Synthesis and Relevance of the Reviewed Literature and Studies

In the summary of all, The hospitality industry is one of the most vulnerable

to emergency events and can be highly affected by various hazards, Emergency

preparedness is one of the most efficient ways to deal with emergencies and increase

the resilience of the businesses, especially in high-risk areas that can cause natural
disaster happened, The researcher being prepared can reduce fear, anxiety and can

avoid the impact of disaster, here state some preparation as say in the studies and

literature above like flood proofing, elevating a hotel or moving the hotel out of harm's

way, and securing items that could shake loose in an earthquake and fire and

sometimes avoid the danger completely and it can result to overall reduce of damage,

loses of profit and as well as giving an assurance to the guest or client and staff that

your hotel is prepared in the crisis or disaster and the advantage of preparation is that

you can manage problems more quickly and more efficiently because you will already

have the solutions at hands as the aim of the researcher.

 Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Introduction
This chapter consists of Research Design, Data Collection Method, Statistical,

sampling Technique, and Subject of the Research, Research Instrument, and Statistical

Treatment. Thus, it presents the methods and procedures that the researchers applied

in this study.

Research Design

This study conducted a quantitative approach. A quantitative research is naturally

structured and the researchers are empowered to have an examination about the

precise Concepts and issues that are said to be the focus of the study. Bryman A and

Bell, (2013).

The researchers used quantitative approach because descriptive method should

be observed and the changes should be recorded but cannot be manipulated. This

method is used because the researchers’ best approach to the research. Precise

analysis and measurement were provided with the statistical results.

The purpose of this descriptive-analysis research is to assess and analyze the

significant of health and safety preparedness of Sogo Hotel in terms of planning,

implementing and evaluation of Sogo Hotel and the use of an appropriate instrument.
Population, Sample Size, and Sampling Technique

The researchers choose the employees and the management of the Sogo hotel

as respondent for study because we know that they are the one who can gives facts on

the safety preparedness in crisis about the Sogo hotel in Caloocan City. In this study,

we are going to use the formula K=N/n, where N is the population size and n as our

sample size.

Sampling is kind of prehistoric, given the technology and the textures you can create.

- Macklemore

Probability sampling method was used by the researchers in this study. We

gathered survey with a maximum selection of 30 respondents who accommodated the

place. The researchers used a probability method or simple random sampling to

determine the sample size.

In the sampling designed, the researchers used a probability sampling method in

selection it is a process of selecting respondents because we choose a representative

in a staff of Sogo Hotel to be more specific, we choose a simple random sampling it is

the basic sampling technique where we select a group of respondents for study from a

population. Each individual is chosen entirely by chance and each member of the

population has an equal chance of being included in the research, this technique relies

on the who will be chosen to be a respondent of the researchers and asks to participate.

This approach is often used by the survey questionnaire when canvassing the public for

opinions and in quantitative research.

Description of Respondents

A total of 30 respondents participated in the study in a form of survey using a

Google form questionnaire. The respondents are involves in hotel staffs like room

attendant, housekeeping, Concierge, front desk, etc.

Which consists of male and female respondents of the survey had to be 18-42 above

years of age workers of the Sogo Hotel.

Research Subject

The researchers choose the employees and management of the Sogo Hotel as

the respondents of this study because the researchers know that the respondents are

the ones who can give facts on the safety preparedness in crisis about Sogo Hotel in

this study.

Data Collection Method

The researchers used online survey form method to gather data. Online survey is

the process of collecting, analyzing and interpreting data from many individuals to

gather more and deeper information.

Research Instrument

The researchers used a method of quantitative data to make it amenable to

statistical analysis. To ensure the quality of the study being undertaken, the researchers

were spending enough time studying their research. Representative will answer

questions administered through online survey, and after the representative answer the
questions, researchers will describe the responses given. Statistical procedures were

used to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaires.

Statistical Treatment

The researchers used descriptive and inferential statistics in analyzing the

Quantitative data. Descriptive statistics are procedures that researchers use to

describee data and inferential statistics are ways to infer or make judgments about the

respondents through hypothesis testing.

In order to use the descriptive statistics, the researchers must know the

parameter of the population. This means that the parameter tells us something about

the whole population of the research. The parameter of the estimated population in this

study was (121) one hundred twenty-one employee of Sogo hotel in South Caloocan

City, wherein the researchers will pick out (30) thirty employee of the Hotel.

The statistical test used in this study is probability testing or simple sampling

technique, since the researchers do not have much size of prospective hotel and we

just go to the specific hotel which is Sogo Hotel in South Caloocan City the statistical

tools used in the research being undertaken was selected or chosen because the

researchers focused in Sogo Hotel in South Caloocan City and to determine the

significance of being prepared of Sogo Hotel in natural disaster and crisis of the hotel.
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APPENDICES
 APPENDIX A
Questionnaire

INTERVIEW SURVEY QUESTIONAIRE

SURVEY QUESTIONAIRE:

Good day, everyone! We are students from the ABE International Business College-

Caloocan. We are conducting a survey regarding the Health and Safety Preparedness

of Sogo Hotel in South Caloocan City. Rest assured your answer will be kept

confidentially

Please spare a few minutes of your valuable time to answer this questionnaire:

NAME OF STAFF:

AGE: ________________

STAFF POSITION (OPTIONAL)

Level of Satisfaction:

4 Strongly Agree (SA)

3 Agree (A)

2 Strongly Disagree (SD)

1 Disagree (D
Preparedness of Sogo Hotel in Caloocan City

(4) (3) (2) (1)

Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree
Agree Disagree
(A) (D)
QUESTIONS (SA) (SD)

1. The Hotel should provide great communication

to/and guests on how and where to evacuate if
needed.
2. The hotel staffs have an effective training for
emergency preparedness also known as CPR
or first aid training.
3. Employees are well-educated about the
emergency Responses.
4. Staff let the guests know the potential hazards
Around the building.
5. The survival tools and medication are
accessible for everyone.

6. The management provides lists of disaster

telephone contact.
7. Understanding the services that will and will
not be provided immediately.
8. Following the official weather forecasts
regularly for inevitable disasters.
9. Drills and exercises were being conducted to
practice safety preparedness.
10. Management provides staff that has a high
level of experience and professionalism about
the medications.
11. Clients with disabilities receive, verify, and
share public alerts.
12. Employees attended and safety preparedness
presentation.
13. Staffs are well-trained about their roles in
crisis.
14. Health care services are always available in
the building when disaster occurs.
15. Having a strong connection with the
organizations related to health responses.
Emergency Preparedness Management of Sogo Hotel in Caloocan City

(4) (3) (2) (1)

Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree
Agree Disagree
(A) (D)
QUESTIONS (SA) (SD)

16. Having drills for earthquake preparedness and

contact for advice or treatment due to disaster
if necessary. Contact for further advice or
treatment due to disaster if necessary.
17. The emergency response plan has detailed
written document that explain what
emergencies an organization is likely to face.
18. The hotel has audible alarms loud enough to
be heard anywhere and are hard to ignore.
19. Hotel's emergency exit door ways and routes
are checked daily.
20. Available vehicles and vessel use in
transportation.
 APPENDIX B
Approved Request Letter by Proper Authority to Conduct Survey
 APPENDIX C
Documents, memoranda, data/figures (if any)

SURVEY DOCUMENTATION
 APPENDIX D
Sample Statistical Computations

The Hotel should provide great communication to/and guests on how and where

to evacuate if needed. In the graph shows that most of respondents are answered

Strongly Agree (SA) percentage rate 50 (79.4%) and for Agree percentage rate 3

(12.7%) and for Disagree the percentage rate 5 (7.9%) there having a great

communication to their guest.

The hotel staff has an effective training for emergency preparedness also known

as CPR or First Aid training. In the graph shows that most of respondents Strongly

Agree (SA) Percentage rate 44 (69.8%) for emergency preparedness and there are

respondents answered Agree (A) percentage rate of 14 (22.2%) and there are some

respondents was answered strongly Disagree for the emergency preparedness the

percentage rate 1 (1.6%) and for Disagree (D) 4 (6.3%) the percent.
 Employee is week-educated about the emergency responses. In the graph

shows that most of respondents are answered strongly agree (SA) percentage rate 47

(74.6%) and for agree (A) percentage 9(14.3%) and for strongly disagree (SD)

percentage rate 4(6.3%) and some respondents answered disagree (D) rate 3(4.8%).

The survival tools and medications are accessible for everything In the graph

shows that most of respondents are answered strongly agree (SA) percentage rate 44

(69.8%) and for agree (A) percentage 14(22.2%) and for strongly disagree (SD)

percentage rate 3(4.8%) and some respondents answered disagree (D) rate 2(3.2%).

Staff let the guests know the potential hazards around the building In the graph

shows that most of respondents are Answered strongly agree (SA) percentage rate 46
(66.7%)and for agree (A) percentage 14(22.2%) and for strongly disagree (SD)

percentage rate 4(6.3%) and some respondents answered disagree (D) rate 3(4.8%).

The management provides lists of disaster telephone contact. In the graph shows that

most of respondents answered Strongly Agree percentage rate 17(56.7%) and for

Agree 9(30%) for Neither have 2(67%) and for Strongly Disagree/Disagree they same

percentage rate

1(3.3%).

Understanding the services that will not be provided immediately. In the graph

shows that most of respondents answered Agree 12(40%) than Strongly Agree 9(30%)

the percentage rate and for Neither 9(30%) percentage rate.

 Following the official weather forecasts regularly for inevitable disaster. In the

graph most of respondents answered Strongly Agree percentage rate 13(43.3%) and for

Agree 11(36.7) percentage rate and for neither have 6(20%).

Drills and exercise were being conducted to practice safety preparedness. In the

graph shows that most of respondents answered Strongly Agree percentage rate

17(56.7%) they are Strongly Agree to practice safety preparedness and for Agree the

percentage rate 9(30%) and for neither 2(6.7%) and for Strongly Disagree they are

same percentage rate.

 .Management provides staff who have a high of experience and professionalism

about the medications. In the graph shows that most of respondents answered Strongly

Agree 14(46.7%) the percentage rate and for agree they have 12(40%) percentage rate

and for Neither 3(10%) and for Strongly agree there's no respondents answered but for

disagree they have 1(3.3%) percentage rate.

Clients with disabilities receive ,verify and share public alerts. In the graph shows

will mostly answered Agree the percentage rate of 15(50%) than Strongly agree

11(36.7%) percentage rate and to Neither and Strongly Agree they are same 2(6.7%)

percentage rate.

.Employees attended and safety preparedness presentation. In the graph shows

that most of respondents answered Strongly Agree 13(43.3%) percentage rate and for
Disagree they have 1(3.3%) percentage rate and for Disagree no one respondents

answered.

Staff is well-trained about their roles in crisis. In the graph shows that most of

respondents are same percentage rate for Strongly Agree, Agree 13(43.3%) and for

neither 2(6.7%) for SD and D are same per. rate of 1(3.3%).

Health care services are always available in building when disaster occurs. In the graph

shows most of respondents answered Agree 16(53.3%) per. rate they (SA) for the

Health care and for Agree the percentage rate 11(36.7%) and for (N)no one

respondents answered and for Strongly Agree 3(10%) and for Disagree 0 percentage

rate.
 Having a strong connection with the organizations related to health responses. In

the graph shows that mostly answered Strongly Agree 16(53.3%) per. rate and for

agree 10(33.3%) per .rate and they respondents answered neither for per. of 4(13.3%)

and no one answered for Strongly Disagree (0.0%) per. rate.

Having drills for earthquake preparedness and contact for advice or treatment

due to disaster if necessary contact for further advice or treatment due to disaster if

necessary. In the graph for having drills for earthquake preparedness it represents that

most of respondents answered Strongly Agree (SA) percentage rate 38 (60.3%) and for

Agree (A) 18 (28.6) and there are some respondents answered Strongly Disagree (SD)

the percentage rate 4 (6.3%) and for Disagree (D) 3 (4.8%) the percentage rate.
 In the graph about The emergency response plan has detailed written document

that explain what emergencies an organization is likely to face and most of the

respondents was answered strongly agree (SA) and it shows (69.8%) and for the Agree

(A) it shows (22.2%) percent and for the strongly disagree (SD) the percentage it shows

is (3.2%) percent and lastly for the disagree (D) the percentage shows into (4. 8%)

percent.

The hotel has audible alarms loud enough to be heard and hard to ignore ,in the

graph shows that most of respondents strongly agree (SA) percentage rate is (73%) , and

respondents also answered Agree (A) percentage rate is (15.9 %), and for the strongly

disagree (SD) the percentage is (6.3 %) and some of them answered Disagree (D)( 4.8%).

Hotel's emergencies exit door ways and routes checked daily. In the graph shows that

most respondents answered Strongly agree (SA) an d the percentage is (76.2 %)for the

Agree (A) is (14.3%) but some respondents answered strongly disagree (DA) and
 disagree (D) and the percentage is (1.6%) and (7.9

%).

In the graph about Available vehicle use in transportation, most of the

respondents was answered strongly agree (SA) and it shows (69.8 %) In percentage

rate and 2 of the respondent answered strongly disagree and it represents 1.6 percent

in percentages rat

In the summary of all the results, a discussion of data from quantitative methods

is present. The researchers conducted an online survey. This method was employed to get

a quantitative overview of the safety management practice of Sogo hotel and the basis of

the safety improvement plan. As you can see in every graph most of the respondents are

answered strongly agree, which means that they have responsibilities and all of knowing

No matter what disaster comes, they are prepared, they have immediate action.
 APPENDIX E
Certification of Proofreading

CERTIFICATE OF ENGLISH EDITING

it is certified that the manuscript listed below was edited by the professional editors at
editing proofreading for the accuracy of the language and grammar use.

MANUSCIPT TITLE:
HEALTH AND SAFETY PREPAREDNESS OF SOGO
HOTEL IN SOUTH CALOOCAN CITY

JULY 22, 2021

DATE ISSUED:

PROF. AMADO O. KING, LPT, M.A.Ed.

PROFESIONAL EDITOR
This certificate is generated and verified by editing proofreading and attested the fact
that the editor did not alter the ideas and aim of the researcher. The certificate can be
 referred by the journals for ensuring the quality check of the manuscript ready for
publication.

APPENDIX F
Curriculum Vitae

VITO, RINUEL V.
ADDRESS: TUNGKO MANGGA SJDM, BULACAN CITY
MOBILE# : 09566613839
CAREER OBJECTIVES:
Secure a responsible career opportunity to fully utilize my training and skills, while
making a significant contribution to the success of the company.
PERSONAL INFORMATION:
BIRTH DAY: April 24, 1995
BIRTH PLACE: Manila
AGE: 26 yrs.Old
NATONALITY: Filipino
RELIGION: Christian
LANGAUGE SPOKEN: Filipino & English
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
TERTIARY: UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST
(JUNE2012 – MARCH 2015)
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING
UNDER GRADUATE
ESCUELA TECKNIKA (2016) ADVANCE COOKING EXPERTICE (ACE)- CULINARY
GRADUATE
PSAA INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY INC. (APRIL 2017) TRAINERS METHOLOGY 1
GRADUATE
ABE INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS COLLEGE
(2018-PRESENT) BS HOTEL RESTAURANT MANAGEMENT UNDER GRADUATE

RINUEL V. VITO______
 Signature
over printed name

REIL, JIRAH T.
ADDRESS: Catmon Malabon City
MOBILE#: 099089634302

CAREER OBJECTIVES:

A highly organized and hard-working individual looking for a responsible position to gain
practical experience.

PERSONAL INFORMATION:
BIRTH DAY: July 13, 2000
BIRTH PLACE: East Ave. Quezon City
AGE: 21 yrs. Old
NATIONALITY: Filipino
RELIGION: Christian
LANGUAGE SPOKEN: Filipino & English
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
Primary Education: MUZON PABAHAY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (2006 – 2012)
JUNIOR HIGHSCHOOL: CATMON INTEGRATED SCHOOL (2012 – 2016)
SENIOR HIGH: ARELLANO UNIVERSITY JOSE RIZALHIGHSCHOOL (2016 – 2018)
TERTIARY: ABE INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS COLLEGE (2018-PRESENT) BS
HOTEL RESTAURANT MANAGEMENT
UNDER GRADUATE

_JIRAH T. REIL_
Signature over printed name
PERIT, JUDY ANN V.
ADDRESS: Catmon Malabon City
MOBILE#: 09632157479

CAREER OBJECTIVE:

To secure a challenging position in a reputable organization to expand my learning’s,

knowledge, and skills.

PERSONAL INFORMATION:
BIRTHDAY: October 30, 1999
BIRTH PLACE: Bogtongbod Clarin Bohol
AGE: 21 yrs. Olds
NATIONALITY: Filipino
RELIGION: Catholic
LANGUAGE SPOKEN: Filipino & English
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
ELEMENTARY: CLARIN CENTRAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (2006-2012)
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: CATMON INTEGRATED SCHOOL (2013-2016)
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: ARELLANO UNIVERSITY JOSE RIZAL HIGH SCHOOL
(2016-2018)
TERTIARY: ABE INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS COLLEGE (2018-PRESENT)
BS HOTEL RESTAURANT MANAGEMENT- UNDER GRADUATE

JUDY ANN V. PERIT_

Signature over printed name