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Saturday 14th of August 2021

Media Monitoring Report and Policy Study

For RHRN2 Baseline Study

Key Findings Media Monitoring

Introduction
The main goal of media monitoring is to find prospective allies and possible enemies in
Indonesia’s mainstream and alternative media landscape. The media monitoring approach that
we are adopting is separated into three interconnected parts:
1. Media Identification and Ranking: refers to preliminary identification of mainstream
and alternative media that will be monitored. Media identification process is carried out
through internal discussions, studying past researches, and incorporating results from
baseline data collection process, such as Focus Group Discussions and In-Depth
Interview. Mainstream and alternative media will also be ranked based on daily visits.
2. Media Profiling: refers to a process in which a short profile for each media outlet is
formulated to gain a better understanding of the media.
3. Discourse Analysis: refers to a process of ‘delving’ into Sexual and Reproductive
Health and Rights (SRHR)-related articles and contents that have been published by
selected media in the past 6 months, while trying to make sense of the value or position
of said media regarding SRHR.

Media Identification & Ranking

In 2020 Pamflet published a media monitoring report titled: RUU PK-S dan RKUHP dalam
Media Daring: Gerakan dan Bingkai Isu (Anti-Sexual Violence Draft Bill and Penal Code Law
Draft in Online Media: Movement and Framing). The report analyzed contents published by
Indonesian top 8 online mainstream media, and we are using this list as a baseline for our
mainstream media identification.

Media Estimated Estimated Daily Mentioned in Mentioned in

Daily Visitor Visitor (2021) Internal IDI/FGD
(2020) Discussion

okezone.com 34.363.446 42,350,531 (↑)

detik.com 14.995.750 15,285,680 (↑) ✓

kompas.com 5.783.490 6,501,291 (↑) ✓ ✓

tribunnews.com 5.488.861 3,930,877 (↓) ✓ ✓

liputan6.com 4.000.155 2,702,093 (↓)

idntimes.com 2.863.552 5,977,831 (↑)

cnnindonesia.com 2.265.403 2,229,313 (↓) ✓

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tempo.co 2.144.194 1,858,385 (↓) ✓

Table 1. List of Mainstream Media with Most Daily Visit (analytics: hypestat.com)

For alternative media, we rely on internal discussions and results of IDI/FGD to create a list of
possible media to approach and/or to avoid.

Media Estimated Daily Mentioned in Internal Mentioned in IDI/FGD

Visitor (2021) Discussion

tirto.id 978,097 ✓

mojok.co 151,842 ✓

magdalene.co 20,957 ✓

voxpop.id 6,859 ✓

vice.com/id 2645 ✓

sejuk.org 1,225 ✓

indonesiafeminis.com 99 ✓

konde.co 10 ✓ ✓
Table 2. List of Alternative Media that were identified (analytics: hypestat.com)

Media Profiling
Based on the list of mainstream and alternative media presented above, we choose to focus on
three mainstream and three alternative media with the most visits/day and formulate a short
profile for each media. The goal is to provide a deeper understanding about each media outlets
before entering the discourse analysis phase.

Mainstream Media

okezone.com detik.com kompas.com

Okezone is an online news
and entertainment portal
launched in 2007. Okezone is
owned by PT. MNC Tbk, a
media giant in Indonesia that
also owns and manages
several television channels
(RCTI, MNC TV, GTV and
iNews TV), newspapers
Detikcom is one of the oldest Kompas is one of the
online news portals in pioneers of online media in
Indonesia, starting its Indonesia. Founded by P.K.
operation in May 1998. Ojong and Jakob Oetama,
Detikcom used to be a Kompas started their online
progressive news portal, media in 1995. Kompas is
since it was founded by part of the Kompas Gramedia
journalists that were Group, a media company
persecuted during the New with several subsidiaries such

(Koran Seputar Indonesia,
Sindo Weekly, Highend,
Just For Kids, Highend
Teen, Network!), radio
(MNC Trijaya FM, Global
Radio, Radio RDI, V Radio),
and other businesses in
multiple sectors.
Table 3. Mainstream Media Profiles
tirto.id
Tirto is an online media portal
that gains their popularity
through infographics and their
‘alternative’ point of view.
Tirto was established and
funded by ex-Detik
journalists. Tirto covers most
issues through social justice
lens, and is often found siding
with labor movement,
diversity movement, pro-
papua movement, and is
critical towards the
government. Tirto positions
itself as an ‘independent
media’ that was created for
‘all groups . . . non-partisan in
nature,’ and ‘not affiliated with
any political movement’.
Table 4. Alternative Media Profiles
Discourse Analysis
Order Regime (pre-1998); but
as the political environment in
Indonesia improved,
Detikcom embraced the
entertainment news as well.
In 2011, Chairil Tanjung,
Indonesian Billionaire and
owner of CT Corp acquired
Detikcom, and placed it under
the Trans Group (one of the
biggest media groups in
Indonesia).
Alternative Media
mojok.co
Mojok is an online media
portal as well as a platform
for writers to showcase their
writings. Mojok is famous for
their witty yet relatable
articles, that are often full of
humor and satires. Mojok
started to distribute their
contents on Facebook, and
then LINE. In 2017 Mojok
began to manage their
contents on a regular basis,
and this ‘new’ Mojok is the
one that we are accessing
right now. Mojok was founded
by Puhut EA, a writer,
researcher and poet.
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as KG Media (mass media),
Dyandra Promosindo (event
organizer), Santika Indonesia
(hotels and restaurant), and
PT.Graha Kerindo Utama
(manufacture). Kompas
Gramedia Group also owns
the Universitas Multimedia
Nusantara, an ICT-focused
university located in
Tangerang, Banten.
magdalene.co
Magdalene is a women-
focused media platform;
which upholds the value of
inclusivity, critical thinking,
and empowerment.
Magdalene was founded by
Devi Asmarani and Hera
Diani in 2013, as an
alternative to mainstream
media that often puts women
aside. Magdalene obtained
its initial funding from two of
its founders and one
journalist friend, and in 2018
they received support from
Media Development
Investment Funds (MDIF).
Most of Magdalene’s readers
are female aged 18-24 years,
and 30-40% of Magdalene’s
readers are male.
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A discourse analysis is then formulated based on mainstream and media analysis that were
selected. We browsed through SRHR-related publications that were published in the past 6
months, and chose 10 most-recent publications to be analyzed by Media Inclusivity Index
developed by remotivi. [ongoing, not finished yet]

Key Findings on Policy Study RHRN 2

This policy study categories policy into three groups. The first is the policies that speak about
comprehensive sexual education (CSE), the second is the policies that speak about
reproductive health particularly on universal access to contraception, and the third is the policies
that speak about sexual minorities in Indonesia or LGBTQI groups. These three topics will be
discussed at national level.

This policy study adopts the definition of policy as a set of ideas or a plan of what to do in
particular situations that has been agreed to officially by a group of people, business
organization, a government, or a political party (Cambridge dictionary, 2021) 1. This study will
only discuss the policy documents from the government of Indonesia (GOI). Further, the policies
mentioned in this study only covered the most influential policies that may affect RHRN 2
implementation in the current and future agenda.

The Policy at National Level: Different Ministries, Different Tasks and Functions
The GOI uses the term Kesehatan Reproduksi “reproduction health” to spill out the program
related to CSE in Indonesia. Two government agencies hold the duty to ensure the reproductive
health programs are the Ministry of Health (MoH) and the National Family Planning
Coordinating Agency (BKKBN). Both agencies belong to the technical ministries which have
branch offices throughout Indonesia, including the RHRN 2 areas of intervention. These
ministries are supported by other ministries such as the Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and
Child Protection (MoWEP), and the Ministry of Education, Research, and University (MoERU).

Another finding from this policy review shows the Ministry of Law and Human Rights has not
been able to enforce Indonesia’s commitments on international declaration. Forums such as
International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) 1994 that declared “high
quality, integrated, equitable, comprehensive, affordable, needs and rights based, accessible,
acceptable, confidential andfree of stigma and discrimination for all young people” is in fact
proof to be challenging.

CSE becomes the Most Strategic Area of Intervention for RHRN 2 Agenda to Enforce
Universal Access to Contraception and the Freedom of Sexual Rights especially Sexual
Minorities
This policy review identifies the Law Act 36/2009 about Health as the key policies that must be
influenced to enable the agenda of RHRN 2. Under the law, the GOI regulates the activities
related to CSE and contraception issues through the Government Regulation 2 (PP) 71/2014

1 https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/
2 https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/5502/pp-no-61-tahun-2014
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about Reproduction Health “the rights of Indonesians to access good quality, safe, and
accountable reproductive health services.” The regulation may sound positive to ensure SRHR
for young people, but at the same time, it contains ambiguity. For instance, in part II, article 11,
it specifically mentions that adolescent reproductive health services can be provided under the
“... morals, religious values, mental development, and based on the provisions of laws and
regulations.” This way, young people SRHR is not an independent entity that should be
provided by the state. Only with certain conditions, SRHR can be made available for young
people. We argue, those conditions are prone to be politicised by other agencies or institutions
who may be against young people sexuality and authority. In addition, the existence of the Draft
Criminal Code (RKUHP)3 chapter 481 that says “... everyone who disseminates tools to prevent
pregnancy can be sentenced to a fine of Rp. 10,000,000” may hinder the current plan for RHRN
2. Based on the RKUHP, only the government officials and medical workers are able to
disseminate the contraception.

From 2018 and 2019, the draft had become a hot topic of discussion in conventional and social
media because it was included in one of the National Legislation Programs. However, due to a
lot of pressure from civil society groups, and the Student Executive Councils, the House of
Representative of Indonesia decided to cancel the ratification of the draft. However, in early
2021, the Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal and Security Affairs, Mahfud MD brought the
topic back in one of popular online media 4. He mentioned the draft should be passed to trim
overlapping rules.

An Evidence of the Needs Universal Access to Contraception

The latest Indonesian Health Profile Riskesdas 20195 showed the Maternal Mortality Rate in
Indonesia at 305 per 100,000 live births. Based on the case, Most maternal deaths were
bleeding (1,280 cases), hypertension in pregnancy (1,066 cases), infection (207 cases). To
support this paper argument, the evidence shows the Law Act 36/2009 about Health, article 75
paragraph (1) speaks the practice of abortion that “every Indonesians is prohibited from having
an abortion ... with the exception (1) indications of medical emergencies detected early in
pregnancy… and (2) pregnancy due to rape which can cause psychological trauma for rape
victims”.

The Relation between Norms and Sexual Minorities

In the Law Act 44/20086 about Pornography, it explicitly stated that activities that include
intercourse between humans and “corpses, animals, oral sex, anal sex, lesbians, and
homosexuals” are included as pornography. In addition, besides the pornography law, the Law
Act 11/2008 about Electronic Information and Transactions is harming the rights of adolescent
toward SOGIESC. One of the cases 7 appeared in 2021, two gays were caught and accused
pornography activities in the GOI Health Facilities during COVID-19 quarantine. Their personal
information was published by media and carried a maximum sentence of 10 years.
3 https://www.dpr.go.id/dokakd/dokumen/RJ1-20181127-110919-8068.pdf
4 https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1438919/mahfud-md-ingin-ruu-kuhp-disahkan-tahun-ini
5 https://pusdatin.kemkes.go.id/resources/download/pusdatin/profil-kesehatan-indonesia/Profil-Kesehatan-indonesia-2019.pdf
6 https://www.dpr.go.id/dokjdih/document/uu/UU_2008_44.pdf
7 https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5339727/polisi-tetapkanpasien-jadi-tersangka-kasus-mesum-gay-diwisma-atlet
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Recommendation
This policy study recommends the consortium member to (1) strengthen the network amongst
CSOs and apply MIYP in the activism agendas towards discriminatory policies. The story from
the cancelation of RKUHP’s ratification can be a good lesson learned and evidence that CSOs
and youth-led organisations may influence the government policy direction 8, (2) finding “the
acceptable terms” to describe SOEGISC issues, for instance, considering local languages, and
stories about diversity, (3) targeting the strategic policy makers such in the MoH, BKKBN, the
MoWEP, the MoERU to include the issue of contraception and SOGIESC for young people in
schools, and related services, (4) actively using popular media such as social media and
conventional media to mainstreaming the SRHR and SOGIESC issues in the society9.

8 (although)the GOI showed an authoritarian approach by passing bills harming human rights during COVID-19 such as the Law Act 2/2021 about Special Autonomy
for Papua, and the Law Acr 11/2020 about “Cipta Kerja”.
9 cooperation with progressive private actors can be an option.