The Ecosystem

Presented by Group 1
Arreglo, Jeff Von Arnold
Flores, Cyreus Glyde
Santos, Vanessa Niña
 ECOSYSTEM
- is a geographic area where plants, animals, and other
organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work together to
form a bubble of life. Ecosystems contain biotic or living, parts,
as well as abiotic factors, or nonliving parts.
 Biotic factors
is a living organism that shapes its environment

Abiotic factors
is a non-living part of an ecosystem that shapes its
environment.
 BIOTIC INTERACTION
BIOTIC

Competition Symbiosis Feeding

Parasitism Mutualism Commensalism

 1. Competition 2. Feeding
When two species in an ecosystem need to share a valuable Different species in an ecosystem are related and interact
and often limited resource. such as food or water, when one species can use the other species as a food source.
they are in competition with each other.
 3. Symbiosis - two different species living together in the same community, interact
with each other over a long time period.

3.A. Parasitism 3.B. Mutualism 3.C. Commensalism

is when the one species benefits or
gains something from the relationship
and the other species is harmed in
some way. The host may die in some
interactions.
occurs between any two species where
both of the individuals benefit from the
interaction. Both species gain
something from the other, so we can
say it is mutually beneficial.
interactions between individuals from different
species, the one species benefits, while the
other one is unaffected by the relationship.
Unlike parasitism, in commensalism the other
species is not harmed or benefited in any way.
 FOOD CHAIN
the sequence of transfers of matter and energy in the form of food
from organism to organism
can have as many as two to four consumers

First consumer

Second consumer

Producers

Decomposer
Three types of consumers
Herbivores are organisms that mostly feed on plants

Carnivores are organisms that mostly eats meat, or

feed on other animal's flesh

Omnivores are organisms that both eats plant and

meat or animal's flesh
 FOOD WEB
is a model that shows all the possible feeding relationship between
organisms living in an ecosystem
a several food chains joined together
it is also more accurate than food chains
 ENERGY PYRAMID
also known as a trophic or ecological pyramid
is a graphical representation of the energy found within
the trophic levels of an ecosystem.
Law of Thermodynamics
First law of Thermodynamics
states that energy can neither be
created nor destroyed, but can be converted
from one form to another.

Second law of Thermodynamics

The second law states that everything is running
downhill or, more formally, everything in the
universe is going from a more organized state to
a less organized one
Scales of Ecosystem

Micro Messo Biome

 Ecosphere
- The ecosphere is the area where we can find ecosystems, or it can refer
to a planetary ecosystem consisting of the influence of the solar system,
the geosphere (the planet), the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the
biosphere.
 consists of the interior and surface of Earth, both of which are made
Geosphere
up of rocks.
includes water that is on the surface of the planet,
Hydrosphere
underground, and in the air. A planet's hydrosphere can
be liquid, vapor, or ice.

Atmosphere
it is an envelope of gas that keeps the planet warm and
provides oxygen for breathing and carbon dioxide for
photosynthesis.

Biosphere is the part of the earth and its atmosphere capable of

supporting life. It is also called the zone life in Earth.
 ecosystem diversity
deals with the variations in ecosystems within a
geographical location and its overall impact on human
existence and the environment.
Examples of ecosystem that are rich in diversity:

Deserts
Rainforests
Forests
Tundra
Marine ecosystems
Coral reefs
Old-growth forests
 Why is Ecosystem Diversity
important?

Diversity in the ecosystem is significant to

human existence for a variety of reasons. Boosts
productivity where each species, no matter how
small, have an important role to play
 EQUILIBRIUM
is the steady state of an ecosystem where
all organisms are in balance with their
environment and with each other. In
equilibrium, any small changes to the
system will be balanced by negative
feedback, allowing the system to return to
its original state.
Why is it important that an
ecosystem has equilibrium?
It ensures survival, existence and
stability of the environment, and leads
to the continuous existence of the
organisms.
 Ecological Succession
- is the process of change in the species
structure of an ecological community over
time. The time scale can be decades or even
millions of years after a mass extinction.
 Two different types of
succession
Primary succession Secondary succession occurs
occurs in essentially in areas where a community that
lifeless areas which the previously existed has been
soil is incapable of removed by smaller-scale
sustaining life. disturbances that do not
eliminate all life and nutrients
from the environment.
 Carrying capacity
- can be defined as a species’ average
population size in a particular habitat. The
species population size is limited by
environmental factors like adequate food,
shelter, water, and mates. If these needs are
not met, the population will decrease until the
resource rebounds.
References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_diversity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_succession
https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/ecosystem-diversity
https://intl.siyavula.com/read/science/grade-8/interactions-and-
interdependence-within-the-environment/02-interactions-and-
interdependence-within-the-environment?id=toc-id-
7&fbclid=IwAR2hPWSeN2zj_rzB8vk_AIiYDc6a7rpVfNQdI8iFcUPjqBPf0Y
LMd5IrdBM
https://australian.museum/learn/species-identification/ask-an-
expert/what-is-an-ecosystem/?
fbclid=IwAR0YMMPmy4zxbe0lVQofwcMm13Tq7TLFbJHgDAG9z3yxBye-
GTH3M1ucp4c