LESSON 5.

MODULE 5:
ANALYSIS and DESIGN of
T-BEAMS and DOUBLY
REINFORCED BEAMS
Reinforced/Prestressed Concrete Design

Engr. MARCELO T. ABRERA, Jr.

Instructor
 LESSON 5.4

DESIGN of
DOUBLY
REINFORCED BEAMS
based on NSCP 2015 and ACI 318-14

Reinforced/Prestressed Concrete Design

Engr. MARCELO T. ABRERA, Jr.

Instructor
 DESIGN of DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
based on NSCP 2015 and ACI 318-14
Reinforced/ Prestressed Concrete Design
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
▪ beams with both tensile and compressive steel reinforcements.

compression steel reinforcements

tension steel reinforcements

 DESIGN of DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
based on NSCP 2015 and ACI 318-14
Reinforced/ Prestressed Concrete Design

Why design a Doubly Reinforced Beam?

▪ If a beam cross-section is limited because of architectural or other considerations, it may happen
that the concrete cannot develop the compression force required to resist the given bending
moment

▪ To increase the moment capacity of a beam, another resisting couple is added to the beam by
adding steel in both the compression and tensile sides of the beam.
b
0.85 f’c

d' Cs = A’s f’s

d' Cc = 0.85 f’c ab
a

a d − d′
d−
2

Mn = Mn1 + Mn2 d a Mn2 = T2 d − d′

Mn1 = T1 d −
2a
or Mn1 = Cc d − or Mn2 = Cs d − d′
2

T1 = As1 fy T2 = As2 fy
 DESIGN of DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
based on NSCP 2015 and ACI 318-14
Reinforced/ Prestressed Concrete Design
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
▪ Compression steel reinforcement is not normally required in sections design by USD (Ultimate
Strength Design or Strength Design Method), which account for the full-strength potential of the
concrete on the compressive side of the neutral axis.

▪ It has been found that the inclusion of some compression steel will reduce the long-term deflections
of members.

▪ Continuous compression bars are also helpful for positioning stirrups (by tying them to the
compression bars) and keeping them in place during concrete placement and vibration.

▪ Tests of doubly reinforced concrete

beams have shown that even if the
compression concrete crushes, the
beam may very well not collapse if
the compression steel is enclosed by
stirrups.
 DESIGN of DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
based on NSCP 2015 and ACI 318-14
Reinforced/ Prestressed Concrete Design
DESIGN of DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
Required for Design:

▪ Computing the number of compression and tension bars.

compression steel reinforcements

tension steel reinforcements

 DESIGN of DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
based on NSCP 2015 and ACI 318-14
Reinforced/ Prestressed Concrete Design
STEPS for DESIGN of DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
1. Computing the required nominal moment Mn
Use 𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑀𝑛

2. Find out whether to design the beam as SINGLY or DOUBLY Reinforced Beam
Compute maximum Mn if the beam will be designed as SINGLY Reinforced Beam

Set 𝜌1 = 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 , and solve for 𝐴𝑠1 = 𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 (this is the maximum area of steel reinforcement for Singly)

Compute Mn1 (maximum Mn if the beam will be designed as SINGLY), and compare this to M n.

If 𝑀𝑛1 ≥ 𝑀𝑛 , then the beam must be designed as SINGLY;

If 𝑀𝑛1 < 𝑀𝑛 , then the beam must be designed as DOUBLY

 DESIGN of DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
based on NSCP 2015 and ACI 318-14
Reinforced/ Prestressed Concrete Design
STEPS for DESIGN of DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
If 𝑀𝑛1 < 𝑀𝑛 , then the beam must be designed as DOUBLY

3. Compute the lacking moment, Mn2.

4. Check whether the compression steel will yield or not.

Compute the compression steel strain 𝜖𝑠′

If 𝜖′𝑠 ≥ 𝜖𝑦 , compression steel YIELDS, 𝑓𝑠′ = 𝑓𝑦 .

If 𝜖′𝑠 < 𝜖𝑦 , compression steel does NOT YIELD, 𝑓𝑠′ ≠ 𝑓𝑦 .

 DESIGN of DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
based on NSCP 2015 and ACI 318-14
Reinforced/ Prestressed Concrete Design
STEPS for DESIGN of DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
If 𝜖′𝑠 ≥ 𝜖𝑦 , compression steel YIELDS, 𝑓𝑠′ = 𝑓𝑦 .

Proceed to Step 5

If 𝜖′𝑠 < 𝜖𝑦 , compression steel does NOT YIELD, 𝑓𝑠′ ≠ 𝑓𝑦 .

𝑓′
Compute 𝑓𝑠′ : 𝜖𝑠′ = 𝐸𝑠
𝑠

5. Compute the required compression steel area A’s. Choose bar diameter, and compute the number
of bars.

6. Compute the required tension steel area As. Choose bar diameter, and compute the number of
bars.
 DESIGN of DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
based on NSCP 2015 and ACI 318-14
Reinforced/ Prestressed Concrete Design
ANALYSIS of DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
Required for Analysis:

▪ Determine whether the beam design is safe or not:

𝑴𝒖 ≤ ∅𝑴𝒏
 DESIGN of DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
based on NSCP 2015 and ACI 318-14
Reinforced/ Prestressed Concrete Design
ANALYSIS of DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
▪ Compute factored moment Mu.

▪ Use equilibrium equations assuming 𝑓𝑠′ = 𝑓𝑦 (assuming compression steel yielding)

Equilibrium Equation: T = Cc + Cs

Solve 𝒂 and 𝒄.

▪ Compute the strain in compression steel, 𝜖𝑠′ , to verify the assumption that it is yielding

If 𝜖𝑠′ ≥ 𝜖𝑦 , compression steel is yielding

If 𝜖𝑠′ < 𝜖𝑦 , compression steel is NOT yielding

 DESIGN of DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
based on NSCP 2015 and ACI 318-14
Reinforced/ Prestressed Concrete Design
ANALYSIS of DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
If 𝝐′𝒔 ≥ 𝝐𝒚 , compression steel is yielding If 𝝐′𝒔 < 𝝐𝒚 , compression steel is NOT yielding

▪ Compute 𝜖𝑡 ▪ Use equilibrium equations assuming 𝑓𝑠′ ≠ 𝑓𝑦

(assuming compression steel NOT yielding)
Determine ∅.
Equilibrium Equation: T = Cc + Cs

▪ Compute ∅𝑀𝑛 Solve 𝒂 and 𝒄.

𝑀𝑛 = 𝑇1 𝑑 −
𝑎
+ 𝑇2 𝑑 − 𝑑′ ▪ Compute the strain in compression steel, 𝜖𝑠′
2
𝜖𝑠′ < 𝜖𝑦, compression steel does NOT yield
If 𝑀𝑢 ≤ ∅𝑀𝑛 SAFE
otherwise, REDESIGN. Compute 𝑓𝑠′
Note 𝑓𝑠′ < 𝑓𝑦, compression steel does NOT yield

▪ Compute 𝜖𝑡
Determine ∅.

▪ Compute ∅𝑀𝑛
𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = 𝑇1 𝑑 − + 𝑇2 𝑑 − 𝑑′
2
If 𝑀𝑢 ≤ ∅𝑀𝑛 SAFE
otherwise, REDESIGN.
other DESIGN of DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
based on NSCP 2015 and ACI 318-14
FORMULAS: Reinforced/ Prestressed Concrete Design

𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝝆𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝜷𝟏 𝒇′𝒄
𝝆𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖 𝒇𝒚

𝟐
𝝆𝒇𝒚
𝑴𝒖 = ∅𝒃𝒅 𝝆𝒇𝒚 𝟏−
𝟏. 𝟕𝒇′𝒄

𝑨𝒔 𝒇𝒚
𝒂=
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄 𝒃
 DESIGN of DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
based on NSCP 2015 and ACI 318-14
Reinforced/ Prestressed Concrete Design
Determination of 𝛽1

NSCP 2015 ACI 318-14

(SI Units) (English Units)

𝒂
𝒄=
𝜷𝟏
 DESIGN of DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
based on NSCP 2015 and ACI 318-14
Reinforced/ Prestressed Concrete Design
Determination of ∅

NSCP 2015
(SI Units)

ACI 318-14
(English Units)
 DESIGN of DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
based on NSCP 2015 and ACI 318-14
Reinforced/ Prestressed Concrete Design

If 𝑀𝑢 = 1225 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚, design the beam with dimensions shown. Should compression

steel be required, assume that it will be placed 70 mm from the compression face.
𝑓𝑐′ = 21 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝑓𝑦 = 420 𝑀𝑃𝑎.
350 mm

70 mm

700 mm
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