MODULE 3:

STRENGTH ANALYSIS
OF BEAMS
ACCORDING TO NSCP AND ACI CODE
Reinforced Concrete Design
CEng 144

Engr. MARCELO T. ABRERA, Jr.

Instructor
LESSON 3.1

DESIGN METHODS,
DERIVATION OF BEAM EXPRESSIONS,
STRAINS IN FLEXURAL MEMBERS

Reinforced Concrete Design

CEng 144

Engr. MARCELO T. ABRERA, Jr.

Instructor
DESIGN METHODS, DERIVATION OF BEAM EXPRESSIONS, STRAINS IN FLEXURAL MEMBERS
DESIGN METHODS
WORKING STRESS DESIGN
▪ also called ALLOWABLE-STRESS
DESIGN or STRAIGHT-LINE
DESIGN
▪ From the early 1900s to early
1960s
▪ In this method, the dead load and
live loads to be supported, called
working loads or service loads,
were first estimated. Then the
members of the structure were
proportioned so that stresses
calculated by a transformed area
method did not exceed certain
permissible or allowable values.
ULTIMATE STRENGTH DESIGN
▪ also called STRENGTH DESIGN
▪ After 1963, this method rapidly gained
popularity because:
① It makes use of a more rational
approach than does WSD
② It uses a more realistic consideration of
safety; and
③ It provides more economical designs.
▪ In this method, the working dead and live
loads are multiplied by certain load factors
(equivalent to safety factors), and the
resulting values are called factored loads.
The members are then selected so they will
theoretically just fail under the factored
loads.
LESSON 3.1

DESIGN METHODS,
DERIVATION OF BEAM EXPRESSIONS,
STRAINS IN FLEXURAL MEMBERS

Reinforced Concrete Design

CEng 144

Engr. MARCELO T. ABRERA, Jr.

Instructor
DESIGN METHODS, DERIVATION OF BEAM EXPRESSIONS, STRAINS IN FLEXURAL MEMBERS

DERIVATION OF BEAM EXPRESSIONS

STRAIN VARIATION STRESS VARIATION

▪ Tests of reinforced concrete beams
confirm that strains vary in proportion
to distances from the neutral axis
even on the tension sides and even
near ultimate loads.
▪ Compression stresses vary approximately in a
straight line until the maximum stress equals
about 0.50𝑓𝑐′. When the ultimate load is
reached, the compressive stresses vary from
zero at the neutral axis to a maximum value at
or near the extreme fiber
DESIGN METHODS, DERIVATION OF BEAM EXPRESSIONS, STRAINS IN FLEXURAL MEMBERS

DERIVATION OF BEAM EXPRESSIONS

The curved stress block is
replaced with an equivalent
rectangular block of
intensity 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ and a
depth 𝑎 = 𝛽1 𝑐

ACI 318-14 NSCP 2015

DESIGN METHODS, DERIVATION OF BEAM EXPRESSIONS, STRAINS IN FLEXURAL MEMBERS

DERIVATION OF BEAM EXPRESSIONS

ACI 318-14 NSCP 2015
DESIGN METHODS, DERIVATION OF BEAM EXPRESSIONS, STRAINS IN FLEXURAL MEMBERS

DERIVATION OF BEAM EXPRESSIONS

ACI 318-14 NSCP 2015
DESIGN METHODS, DERIVATION OF BEAM EXPRESSIONS, STRAINS IN FLEXURAL MEMBERS

DERIVATION OF BEAM EXPRESSIONS

𝑴𝒏 - theoretical or nominal resisting moment of a section

𝑴𝒖 ≤ ∅𝑴𝒏

𝑀𝑢 = 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡, 𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠 (REQUIRED STRENGTH)

∅ = 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟

∅𝑀𝑛 = 𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 (DESIGN STRENGTH)

DESIGN METHODS, DERIVATION OF BEAM EXPRESSIONS, STRAINS IN FLEXURAL MEMBERS

DERIVATION OF BEAM EXPRESSIONS

LESSON 3.1

DESIGN METHODS,
DERIVATION OF BEAM EXPRESSIONS,
STRAINS IN FLEXURAL MEMBERS

Reinforced Concrete Design

CEng 144

Engr. MARCELO T. ABRERA, Jr.

Instructor
DESIGN METHODS, DERIVATION OF BEAM EXPRESSIONS, STRAINS IN FLEXURAL MEMBERS

STRAINS IN FLEXURAL MEMBERS

ACI 318-14 NSCP 2015
DESIGN METHODS, DERIVATION OF BEAM EXPRESSIONS, STRAINS IN FLEXURAL MEMBERS

STRAINS IN FLEXURAL MEMBERS

DESIGN METHODS, DERIVATION OF BEAM EXPRESSIONS, STRAINS IN FLEXURAL MEMBERS

EXAMPLE PROBLEM 1
Determine the values of a, c, and 𝜖𝑡 for the beam shown in the figure. 𝑓𝑦 =
414 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and 𝑓𝑐′ = 20.7 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Thanks guys…

_sirMars_