Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

MAPEH
GRADE 9
MAPEH Grows Through the Years
Quarter 1 Week 4 Module 4
Most Essential Learning Competencies:
1. Relates Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque music to other art
forms and its history within the era.
2. Uses artworks to derive the traditions/history of an art period
3. Performs appropriate first aid for injuries and emergency
situations in physical activity and sports settings (e.g. cramps,
sprain, heat exhaustion)
4. Explains how a healthy environment positively impact the
health of people and communities (less disease, less health care
costs, etc.)

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HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will
disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below
to successfully enjoy the objectives of this kt. I Have fun!
1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every
page of this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing
enhances learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/ guardian assess your answers using the answer
key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the post-test and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

• Expectations – These are what you will be able to know after completing
the lessons in the module.
• Pre-test – This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to
be mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back to your Lesson – This section will measure what learnings
and skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction – This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
• Activities – This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
• Remember – This section summarizes the concepts and applications of
the lessons.
• Check your Understanding – It will verify how you learned from the
lesson.
• Post-test – This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.

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PRE-TEST

Multiple Choices
Directions. Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. It refers to the form of sacred music composition that sets texts of the
Eucharistic liturgy into music.
A. Mass B. sacred music C. madrigal D. secular music
2. It is the most important secular music during the Renaissance period.
A. Troubadour B. madrigal C. mass D. Gregorian chant
3. It is the type of monophonic plainchant named after Pope Gregory I.
A. Gregorian chant B. sacred music C. troubadour D. secular music
4. These refer to sculptures with greater freedom of styles and projects outward.
A. Egyptian B. gothic C. Greek D. Roman
5. It is called for the form of art which symbolisms were heavily used to represent
the gods as composite creatures with animal heads on human bodies.
A. Prehistoric B. Greek C. Egyptian D. Gothic sculpture
6. It is a sculpture of a lady with a hood.
A. Venus of Willendorf B. Venus of Brassempouy C. Nefertiti D. Myron
7. It is caused by torn fibers in a ligament
A. Sprain B. strain C. fracture D. dislocation
8. It is a break in the bone that occurs from either a quick, one – time injury.
A. strain B. sprain C. dislocation D. fracture
9. It is a twist, pull or tear of a muscle or tendon.
A. dislocation B. strain C. fracture D. sprain
10. Which of the following problems is a leading cause of environmental
destruction?
A. Soil erosion B. oil spill C. illegal mining D. deforestation
11. Which of the following environmental problems causes climate change?
A. Oil spill B. deforestation C. pollution D. flashfloods
12. What environmental problem reduces the ability of soil to store water and
support plant growth?
A. Soil erosion B. oil spill C. illegal mining D. deforestation

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MUSIC 9
LESSON 4: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF
MEDIEVAL, RENAISSANCE, AND BAROQUE PERIOD.
COMPARISON OF MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS TO
VISUAL ARTS.

EXPECTATIONS

You will identify the characteristics of Medieval, Renaissance and

Baroque Music. Specifically, this module will help you to:
• describe musical elements of given Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque
music.

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

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 Another reason why the Middle Ages are often called the Dark Ages is
because, compared with other eras, historians don't know as much about this
time. In some ways, this period of time has been lost to history. Many
important records from this time have not survived.

 The word Medieval is derived from the Latin word “Medius” meaning
Middle.

 Medieval period is also known as the Middle Ages or “Dark Ages” that
started with the fall of the Roman Empire.

With its roots medi-, meaning

"middle", and ev-, meaning
"age", medieval literally means "of the
Middle Ages". In this case, middle means
"between the Roman empire and the
Renaissance"—that is, after the fall of the
great Roman state and before the "rebirth"
of culture that we call the Renaissance.
This same period used to be called the
"Dark Ages", since it was believed that in these years’ civilization all but
vanished. And indeed, for most Europeans in these centuries, it was a time
of poverty, famine, plague, and superstition, rather than the age of magic,
dazzling swordplay, towering castles, and knights in splendid armor
displayed in today's graphic novels and video games.

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Medieval-Gothic Style (example: San Sebastian Church) Architecture

 The Minor Basilica of San Sebastian,

better known as San Sebastian Church or
San Sebastian Basilica, is a minor basilica of
the Roman Catholic Church in Manila,
Philippines.

 It is the church of the parish of San

Sebastian. Completed in 1891, San
Sebastian Church is noted for its
architecture.

 Completed in 1891, San Sebastian

Church is noted for its architecture. An example of the Gothic
Revival architecture in the Philippines, it is the only steel building
church in the Philippines. It was designated as a National Historical
Landmark in 1973 and as a National Cultural Treasure in 2011.

 Symbols for saints often represent the source of martyrdom, and such
is the case of Sebastian. The arrow is a symbol of his death at the hands
of emperor Diocletian because Sebastian was converting Romans to
Christianity. Sebastian is the patron saint of athletes, warriors and
soldiers.

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 The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic,
political and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages. Generally
described as taking place from the 14th century to the 17th century,
the Renaissance promoted the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature
and art. Renaissance was its version of humanism, derived from the concept
of Roman Humanitas and the rediscovery of classical Greek philosophy, such
as that of Protagoras, who said that "Man is the measure of all things." This
new thinking became manifest in art, architecture, politics, science and
literature.

The Mona Lisa is a half-length portrait

painting by the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci. It
is considered an archetypal masterpiece of the
Italian Renaissance, and has been described as
"the best known, the most visited, the most
written about, the most sung about, the most
parodied work of art in the world." Dina Goldin,
Adjunct Professor at Brown University, has
argued that the secret is in the dynamic position
of Mona Lisa's facial muscles, where our mind's
eye unconsciously extends her smile; the result is
an unusual dynamicity to the face that invokes
subtle yet strong emotions in the viewer of the
painting. Da Vinci exploited an optical illusion to
create a unique smile through perspective and his
use of shadow work. Da Vinci painted the Mona
Lisa in such a way that the eyes of the Mona
Lisa fall directly in the center of vision of the

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 viewer, while the lips fall just under the periphery of
one's vision.

 The word baroque describes something that is elaborate and highly

detailed.

 The Baroque Period was an important time when the innovation of new
musical styles blossomed. These musical styles are crucial because
they shaped music. For instance, minor and major tonalities first came
out in the Baroque Period.

The Baroque style used contrast, movement, exuberant detail, deep

color, grandeur and surprise to achieve a sense of awe. The style began at the
start of the 17th century in Rome, then spread rapidly to France, northern
Italy, Spain and Portugal, then to Austria, southern Germany and Russia. By
the 1730s, it had evolved into an even more flamboyant style, called rocaille
or Rococo, which appeared in France and Central Europe until the mid to late
18th century.

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 Baroque- Extravagant setting. (example:” Ecstasy of St. Teresa” by
Bernini) Sculpture

The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa is the central

sculptural group in white marble set in an elevated
aedicule in the Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della
Vittoria, Rome.

Baroque Art vs Renaissance Art

Baroque art and Renaissance art are two

forms of art between which a key difference can be
discerned. Baroque art refers to a form of art that
was originated in Rome. Baroque art became
popular for its complex and contradictory nature as
well as its ability to evoke emotion. Renaissance art
was a combined influence of nature, classical
learning, and individuality of man. The key
difference between these two forms is that while
Baroque art is characterized by ornate details, Renaissance art is
characterized by the fusion of Christianity and science in order to create
realism through art.

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ACTIVITIES

Song Analysis!

Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nnuq9PXbywA

REMEMBER

1. The word Medieval is derived from the Latin word “Medius” meaning

Middle.

2. The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic,

political and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages.

3. The word Baroque describes something that is elaborate and highly

detailed.

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CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Name: __________________________________ Grade & Section: ________________

Let’s Think and Act!

REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET NO.1

Directions. Compare the following (Music and Arts) in terms of

characteristics based on the given periods.

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ARTS 9
LESSON 4: ANCIENT AND CLASSICAL ERA
SCULPTURES

EXPECTATIONS

You will recognize the different sculptures during the ancient Era
and Classical Period. Specifically, this module will help you to:
• identify distinct characteristics of arts during the different periods;
• use artworks to derive the tradition and history of an art period.

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Picture Identification (Critical Thinking)

Directions. What comes to your mind when you hear the word
“SCULPTURE”?

. .

SCULP .
TURE

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Western Classical Art Traditions

Every era has its distinct art forms depending on its aesthetic and
utilitarian needs. Aside from the Paintings that was discussed in the previous
lessons, there are a lot of three dimensional artworks that has been made
under the Western Classical Arts.

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 Western Classical Art Traditions:

ANCIENT ERA
Pre-historic Sculptures
Materials used in sculptures vary according to region and locality.
Archeologists believed that their sculpture is a result of natural erosion and
not of human artistry. Frequently carving may have mythological or religious
significance

Venus of Willendorf Venus of Brasempouy

28,000 B.C.E. – 25,000 B.C.E
It is carved from limestone with
excessively heavy breast and abdomen
used as charm to ensure fertility.
M25,000 years old
A sculpture of a lady with the hood. It is a
fragmentary ivory figurine from the Upper
Paleolithic era that realistically represents the
human face and hairstyle

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Egyptian Sculptures
Symbolic elements were widely used such as forms, hieroglyphics,
relative size, location, materials, color, actions and gestures. Their tombs
required the most extensive used of sculpture.
The most common materials used for sculptures are wood, ivory and
stones.
Characteristics of the sculptures:
1. Symbolisms were heavily used to represent the gods.
2. Relief compositions were arranged in horizontal lines to record an event
or represent an action.
3. Most of the time the gods were shown larger than humans, the kings
larger than their followers, the dead larger than the living.
4. Empty space was filled with figures or hieroglyphics
5. All individual components were all brought to the plane of
representation and laid out like writing.

The Pharoah Menkaure and his

Queen Nefertiti, painted Queen, stone
limestone 18th Dynasty, 1375- 4th Dynasty, 2548 - 2530 B.C.E.
1357 BC

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CLASSICAL ERA
Greek Sculptures
Early Greek sculptures were tense and stiff,
their bodies were hidden within enfolding robes.
Greek sculptures had finally evolved and showed
all the points of human anatomy and
proportion. One of the most popular styles of the
Greek sculptures was the Hellenistic style.
• Sculpture has more elaborated patterns,
• Mannered arrangement of figures and
groups,
• Emphasis on the representation of
movement for dramatic effects.

Myron; The Discobulus, 450 BC

Roman Sculptures
Most Roman sculptures are made of
monumental terra-cotta.
They did not attempt to compete with the
free standing Greek works of history or mythology
but rather they produced reliefs in the Great
Roman triumphal columns with continuous
narrative reliefs around.

The Portonacio
Sarcophagus

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ACTIVITIES

Activity 1 – COMPARE AND CONTRAST

Directions. In a short bond paper, Choose two (2) sculptures from the
different era. Compare and contrast them using the following indicators:

(NAME OF (NAME OF
SCULPTURE) SCULPTURE)
1. NATURE OF SCULPTURE

2. ERA WHEN IT WAS

CREATED
3. MATERIALS USED

4. THE USE OF ELEMENTS OF

ARTS IN THE SCULPTURE
(LINE, SHAPE, TEXTURE,
COLOR ETC.)
5. THE DISTINCTIVE
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
SCULPTURE

REMEMBER

1. Pre-Historic materials used in sculptures vary according to region and

locality.
2. Egyptian sculpture symbolic elements were widely used such as forms,
hieroglyphics, relative size, location, materials, color, actions and
gestures.
3. Greek sculptures evolved and showed all the points of human anatomy
and proportion.
4. Roman sculptures are made of monumental terra-cotta.
5. Roman sculptures did not attempt to compete with the free-standing
Greek works

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CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Directions Identify the names of different Sculpture and Tell if it is a

Sculpture during Pre-Historic, Egyptian, Greek or Roman Era. Write your
answer in a piece of paper.
SCULPTURES NAME ERA

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REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET
Name: __________________________________ Grade & Section: ________________

Let’s Think and Act!

REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET NO.2

Directions. Given an opportunity, how are you going to promote the

sculptures that have been created in the classical period?

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PHYSICAL EDUCATION 9
LESSON 4: BASIC FIRST AID: BE A HERO!

EXPECTATIONS

This module will help you to:

• perform appropriate first aid for injuries and emergency situations in
physical activity and sports settings (cramps, sprain, heat exhaustion).

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Physical Fitness plays an integral part in administration of basic first
aid. It will give you an advantage in all aspects of being a good first aider.
Recognize when help is needed and how to get it. We move thru the
manipulation of our body from every now and then which makes our body
very essential in being at utmost level to be able to provide proper and efficient
first aid.

First aid is for everyone and everywhere and it saves lives. From cuts
and burns to fractures and nosebleeds, many accidents take place every day
at any moment. Understanding basic first aid not only better equips you in
the case of an unexpected situation but could also spell the difference between
life and death. In this module, we will examine basic First-Aid procedures. At
the end of the course, you'll be tested on your knowledge and have the peace
of mind of knowing you may be able to help someone in need.

Objectives of First Aid

1. To save lives
2. To prolong life
3. To alleviate suffering and pain
4. To prevent further injury

Roles of First Aid

1. It is the bridge that fills the gap between the victim and physician.
2. It is not intended to compete with or to take the place of the services of
the physician.
3. It ends when the services of the physician start.

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Characteristics of First Aider
1. Gentle- does not cause more pain and panic
2. Keen Observant- notices all signs
3. Resourcefulness- makes the use of any available material
4. Tactful- does not frighten the victim
5. Sympathetic- comforts and reassures the victim

Principles of First Aid:

DO’s DON’T’s
DO stay calm DON’T give food and drink to an
unconscious person
DO reassure and comfort the victim DON’T move an injured person unless
you need to place him/her in the
recovery position
DO check the medical bracelet
indicating a condition, such as
epilepsy or diabetes
DO loosen any tight clothing
DO keep the victim

Hindrances in giving First Aid

1. Presence of crowd
2. Unfavorable surroundings
3. Pressure the victim or relatives

WIMK?
(What’s Inside My Kit?)
A first aid kit is an essential item to have in your family home as it ensures
that you are prepared to handle any injuries if they happen to arise. But what
exactly should you have in your kit? Take a look at the list below to see just
a few of the things you need to care for your loved ones in the event of a
medical emergency…
1. First aid manual- This is a terrific resource to have in a family setting,
especially if children find themselves caring for a wounded person and
need to follow instructions in order to know what they should do.
2. Triangular bandages- These oversized cotton bandages can be used as
a sling for anyone who may have soft tissue damage or a broken bone.

19
 3. Disposable gloves- When you're dealing with an open wound, the last
thing you want to do is risk infection. Having rubber gloves on hand
will ensure that you can tend to the problem without risk of
contaminating the wound.
4. Antiseptic solution- When dealing with cuts, grazes or open wounds,
antiseptic solution can be applied to ensure that the area is not infected
down the track.
5. Combine bandages- These thick bandages are good for covering
wounds or controlling bleeding.
6. Saline- To rinse cuts, grazes or other injuries where the wound may
need cleaning.
7. Thermometer- A great tool to have for measuring and keeping track of
fevers.
8. Eyewash- If a foreign object becomes lodged in the eye, this solution
can help to clear it out or, at the very least, soothe the discomfort.
9. Cold pack- These are great for people who are experiencing swelling or
skin reactions and need something cool to help soothe the pain or
discomfort.
10. Tweezers- A first aid kit isn't just for serious injuries – tweezers can
help you to easily remove things like splinters from the skin if your little
ones have been running around without any shoes on.
11. Scissors- For cutting bandages, tape, and other materials.
12. Notepad and pen- It's a good idea to include this in your kit as it will
remind you to write down symptoms and details of what caused it. This
information can be important for doctors or paramedics to know if the
situation requires further assistance.
Common Unintentional Injuries Encountered by Officiating Officials
and Athletes

Muscle cramps is an uncontrollable and painful spasm of muscles

1. Stretch and massage – lengthen the cramping muscle using a gentle,
sustained stretch then lightly massage the area until the cramp

20
 subsides. If you are unsure how to stretch leg muscles, see your
physiotherapist for advice.
2. Icepack – in cases of severe cramp, an icepack applied for a few minutes
may help the muscle to relax.
3. Medication – some medications can be helpful to control muscle
cramps. See your doctor for further information.
4. Further treatment – see your doctor if you experience regular muscle
cramping or if cramps last longer than a few minutes. You may have an
undiagnosed medical condition that requires treatment.

Heat stress occurs when the body becomes dehydrated and is unable to cool
itself enough to maintain a healthy temperature. If left untreated, this can
lead to heatstroke, which is a life-threatening medical emergency.
1. While waiting for emergency medical help, get the person to a cool shady
area and lay them down.
2. Remove excess clothing and wet their skin with water or wrap in wet
cloths, fanning continuously.
3. Do not give the person fluids to drink.
4. Position an unconscious person on their side and clear their airway.
5. Monitor their body temperature where possible and continue cooling
efforts until the body temperature drops below 38 °C.
6. Wait for the ambulance to urgently transport the person to hospital,
where more intensive cooling and support can be given.
7. If medical attention is delayed, seek further instructions from
ambulance or hospital emergency staff.

ANKLE SPRAIN

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 A sudden movement or twist, often when the foot rolls in, can
overstretch the supporting ligaments, causing ligament tears and
bleeding around the joint. This is known as an ankle sprain. This is a
common injury, particularly in activities that require running, jumping
and change of direction (such as basketball and netball).

Some people are particularly prone to recurring ankle sprains.

1. Stop your activity.

2. Rest the injured joint.
3. Use icepacks every two hours, applied for 15 minutes.
4. Bandage the joint firmly and extend the wrapping up the calf and down
the foot.5.
5. Raise the ankle above heart height whenever possible.

Avoid exercise, heat, alcohol and massage in the first 48 hours, as these
can all exacerbate swelling.

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1: Sentence Completion
1. First aid refers to _________________________________________.
2. I have learned that _______________________________________.
3. Since accidents happen everywhere, it is better to _________.
4. Role of first aider stops when ______________________________.
5. From now on, I will be a good first aider by _________________

REMEMBER

ACCIDENT unplanned situation or event that resulted in

mishap
FIRST AIDER a person giving first aid
VICTIM the injured person
SWELLING an abnormal enlargement of a part of the body,
typically as a result of an accumulation of fluid.
DRESSING sterile cloth used to cover wounds
VITAL SIGNS refers to the level of response, pulse, breathing and
temperature

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RECOVERY a return to a normal state of health, mind, or
strength
ALEVIATE make (suffering, deficiency, or a problem) less
severe
PHYSICIAN a person qualified to practice medicine
MASSAGE to relieve tension or pain

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Multiple Choice.
Directions. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which is NOT a characteristic of a good first aider?
A. keen observant
B. gentle
C. frightening
D. calm
2. Which among of these is part of the vital signs?
A. body temperature
B. vital statistics
C. age
D. diet
3. It is the condition of the body wherein there is a swelling in a ligament
A. sprain
B. strain
C. dislocation
D. fracture
4. An item found inside of a first aid kit that is being used for covering
wounds.
A. sterile cloth
B. bandage
C. thermometer
D. ice pack
5. All are hindrances in giving first aid EXCEPT
A. presence of crowd
B. unfavorable surroundings
C. victim’s possessions
D. Pressure the victim or relatives

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REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET
Name: __________________________________ Grade & Section: ________________

Let’s Think and Act!

REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET NO. 3

Directions. Create a slogan that encourages people in the community to

increase the awareness of importance of First Aid.

24
HEALTH 9
LESSON 4: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE
PHILIPPINES

EXPECTATIONS

You will distinguish the different Environmental Problems in the

Philippines and will specifically help you to:
• analyze the impact of the environmental problems on people’s
health.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Natural Resources and Biodiversity explain why the Philippines is a rich

country. Putting our home into the rare list of nations which have both a

hotspot and mega diversity are for over 6000 plant species and also numerous

animal species inhabited this area.

However, despite of their richness and massive importance to the

environment and humans as well, the forests face continuing destruction and

possible extinction.

The Philippines’ evident risk to natural disasters is due to its location.

Being a country that lies in the Pacific Ring of Fire, it is prone to earthquakes

and volcanic eruptions. In addition, the country is surrounded by large bodies

of water and facing the Pacific Ocean where 60% of the world's typhoons are

made. One of the most devastating typhoons that hit the Philippines in 2013

was Typhoon Haiyan, or "Yolanda", that killed over 10,000 people and

destroyed over a trillion Pesos worth of properties and damage to various

sectors

25
Deforestation is the destruction of big areas of forests.

 The Philippines is among the countries with the fastest loss of forest
cover around the world
 It ranks 4th among the world’s top 10 most threatened forest hotspots
 Aside from logging (whether legal or illegal), other causes
of deforestation in the Philippines are forest fires, “kaingin” farming
(slash-and-burn agriculture), and mining operations.
 Volcanic eruptions have also devastated some of the country's tropical
rainforests.
 The loss of trees and other vegetation can cause climate change,
desertification, soil erosion, fewer crops, flooding, increased greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere, and a host of problems for indigenous people.

26
 A Flash Flood is a sudden flood of great volume, usually caused by a
heavy rain. It can occur within minutes or a few hours of excessive rainfall. It
can also occur for instance after a dam has failed.

 Flash floods are usually characterized by raging torrents after heavy

rains that rip through river beds, urban streets, or mountain canyons
sweeping everything before them.

 During floods, especially flash flooding, houses, offices, hospitals,

transportation, roads, bridges, water tanks are destroyed. People
become homeless.

 Chemicals and other hazardous substances end up in water and

eventually contaminate the water bodies that floods end up in.

 Flooding can destroy the natural balance of the ecosystem.

 Many people and animals have perished in flash floods and others have
been made homeless. Thus, they have to take shelters at the temporary
relief centers, schools, halls and monasteries.

 Flooding brings a lot of diseases and infections including fever,

pneumonia and dysentery

27
 Illegal Mining is an activity that is undertaken without state
permission, in particular in absence of land rights, mining licenses,
and exploration or mineral transportation permits

 Illegal mining is the extraction of valuable minerals of other geological

materials from the earth from an ore body, lode, vein, seam, or reef,
which forms the mineralized package of economic interest to the miner

 Mining activity has a destructive effect on natural resources, like the

destruction of the natural habitat of different animal species.

 The dumping of chemicals in the mining could also pollute the other
areas near the mining sites.

 Long term health effects include respiratory problems such as

pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, and silicosis.

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 Soil Erosion happens when soil and rock are moved from one place to
another by wind, water and gravity

 Causes of soil erosion:

*Deforestation
*Building roads
*Agriculture
*Urbanization
*From oil tankers with equipment
*Mining
*From nature and human activities
*From drilling works carried out in the sea
 Soil erosion can also lead to mudslides and floods, negatively affecting
the structural integrity of buildings and roadways
 The effects of soil erosion go beyond the loss of fertile land. It has led
to increase pollution and sedimentation in streams and rivers, clogging
these waterways and causing declines in fish and other species
 Soil erosion reduces the ability of soil to store water and support plant
growth, thereby reducing its ability to support biodiversity.
 Erosion increases the amount of dust carried by wind, which not only
acts as an abrasive and air pollutant but also carries about 20 human
infectious disease organisms, including anthrax and tuberculosis.

29
 A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-
building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together
by calcium carbonate.

Corals are living organisms—they can get sick and die, just like any
other plant or animal. Due to a variety of local and global factors, which can
be either independent or interacting, more and more of the world’s reefs are
dying.

 The most important causes for coral reef degradation are coastal
development and excessive exploitation of its resources

 Overfishing and the use of destructive fishing methods have decimated

fish populations on reefs and destroyed their habitats as well

 Coral reef destruction is also caused by pollution, careless tourism,

other natural phenomena such as earthquakes and hurricanes, and of
course, climate change – the culprit responsible for our warmer
oceans.

 Coral reefs protect coastlines from the damaging effects of wave action
and tropical storms, provide habitats and shelter for many marine
organisms.

 Coral reef damage also greatly affects food security, income, the stability
of the whole ecosystem, and could increase the threat of coastal
disasters

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 Pollution is something introduced into the environment that is dirty,
unclean or has a harmful effect that caused adverse change/s

AIR POLLUTION
 Air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of
substances are introduced into Earth’s atmosphere.

 Both human activity and natural processes can generate air pollution

 Air pollutants (especially sulfur dioxide, ozone, and oxides of nitrogen)

can alter the physiological processes of plants, thereby affecting
patterns of growth. It causes damage to leaf cuticles and affect stomatal
conductance

 Air pollution is considered as the major environmental risk factor in the

incidence and progression of some diseases such as
asthma, lung cancer, ventricular hypertrophy, Alzheimer's and
Parkinson's diseases, psychological complications, autism,
retinopathy, fetal growth, and low birth weight

31
WATER POLLUTION

Water Pollution is the contamination of

lakes, rivers, oceans, seas and groundwater, usually as a result of human
activities. It occurs when pollutants reach these bodies of water, without
treatment.

 Waste from homes, factories and other buildings get into the water
bodies and as a result water gets contaminated

 Human health is affected by the direct damage of plants

and animal nutrition. Water pollutants are killing sea weeds,
mollusks, marine birds, fishes, crustaceans and other sea organisms
that serve as food for human

 Infectious diseases can be spread through contaminated water. Some

of these water-borne diseases are Typhoid, Cholera, Paratyphoid Fever,
Dysentery, Jaundice, Amoebiasis and Malaria. Chemicals in
the water also have negative effects on our health.

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SOIL POLLUTION

Soil Pollution is the build-up of chemicals, radioactive materials, toxic

compounds, and disease-causing agents in the soil to levels that can cause
adverse effects on plant growth and damage to both human and animal
health.

 By-products and waste generated from households, industries, artificial

chemicals, petroleum products, and mining sites are the leading
contributors to soil pollution. Some of the soil pollutants are
biodegradable and decompose gradually after a given some time.

 Others are non-biodegradable, which means they can persist in the soil
for a long period. The soil pollutants can be classified as physical,
biological, and chemical.

 Most plants are unable to adapt when the chemistry of the soil changes
so radically in a short period of time – ecological balance is affected

 The toxic chemicals present in the soil can decrease soil fertility and
therefore decrease in the soil yield. The contaminated soil is then used
to produce fruits and vegetables which lacks quality nutrients and may
contain some poisonous substances to cause serious health problems
in people consuming them.

 Soil pollution can cause neuromuscular blockage as well as depression

of the central nervous system, headaches, nausea, fatigue, eye irritation
and skin rash.

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NOISE POLLUTION

Noise Pollution is generally defined as regular exposure to elevated sound

levels that may lead to adverse effects in humans or other living organisms.

 According to the World Health Organization, sound levels less than 70

dB are not damaging to living organisms, regardless of how long or
consistent the exposure is.

 Exposure for more than 8 hours to constant noise beyond 85 dB may

be hazardous. If you work for 8 hours daily in close proximity to a busy
road or highway, you are very likely exposed to traffic noise pollution
around 85dB.

 Noise pollution may cause hypertension, hearing loss, sleep

disturbances and affects child development as well

 Hearing loss and rapid increase in heart rate are some of the ill-effects
of noise pollution on animals.

 High intensity sound induces fear, which can force species to abandon
their habitat.

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ACTIVITIES
Directions. Write your answers on the box provided below.

A. Who could be the possible victims of these environmental problems?

B. Do people still have the chance to restore what was lost in the
environment?

C. How can you explain the destruction of the environment to the young
and innocent children?

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 CECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Directions. You have already identified the different environmental issues

and effects on people’s health. Now, you have to sum up what you have
learned.

Environmental Effects on the Effects on the People’s

Problems Environment Health

1. Deforestation

2. Soil Erosion

3. Air Pollution

4. Water Pollution

5. Noise Pollution

6. Flash Floods

7. Coral Reef Degradation

8. Illegal Mining

36
REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET
Name: __________________________________ Grade & Section: ________________

Let’s Think and Act!

REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET NO. 4

Directions. If you were given a chance to become Mother Earth for a day, and
you were asked to give a 10 – minute talk to address your sentiments to the
people, what would be the content of your message?

GUIDE:
1. What are the problems of Mother Earth?
2. How can Mother Earth address her sentiments to the people?
3. How can she regain strength to reshape her condition amidst the
threats she is suffering nowadays?

37
POST-TEST

Multiple Choices
Directions. Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. It refers to the form of sacred music composition that sets texts of the
Eucharistic liturgy into music.
A. Mass B. sacred music C. madrigal D. secular music
2. It is the most important secular music during the Renaissance period.
A. Troubadour B. madrigal C. mass D. Gregorian chant
3. It is the type of monophonic plainchant named after Pope Gregory I.
A. Gregorian chant B. sacred music C. troubadour d. secular
music
4. These refer to sculptures with greater freedom of styles and projects outward.
A. Egyptian B. gothic C. Greek D. Roman
5. It is called for the form of art which symbolisms were heavily used to represent
the gods as composite creatures with animal heads on human bodies.
A. Prehistoric B. Greek C. Egyptian D. Gothic sculpture
6. It is a sculpture of a lady with a hood.
A. Venus of Willendorf B. Venus of Brassempouy
C. Nefertiti D. Myron
7. It is caused by torn fibers in a ligament
A. Sprain B. strain C. fracture D. dislocation
8. It is a break in the bone that occurs from either a quick, one – time injury.
A. strain B. sprain C. dislocation D. fracture
9. It is a twist, pull or tear of a muscle or tendon.
A. dislocation B. strain C. fracture D. sprain
10. Which of the following problems is a leading cause of environmental
destruction?
A. Soil erosion B. oil spill C. illegal mining D. deforestation
11. Which of the following environmental problems causes climate change?
A. Oil spill B. deforestation C. pollution D. flashfloods
12. What environmental problem reduces the ability of soil to store water and
support plant growth?
A. Soil erosion B. oil spill C. illegal mining D. deforestation

38
References

Burkholder,Peter, et.al. (n.d.) Norton Anthology of Western Music. Vol.1:

Ancient to Baroque 5th Edition.
Kamien, Roger (n.d.). Music Appreciation.9th Edition. The Hebrew University
of Jerusalem
Wright, Craig. (2013) The Essential Listening to Music, 6th Edition. Yale
University.
http://www.anthonyjosephlanman.com/?p=580&cpage=1#comment-18642
www.onlinesheetmusic.com
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7F71KXq-1M
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nK0CE5dIxCc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNNm-wnfZ-U
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cE_7aqtgquo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9NPFUz-kIu4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdSJYgjMIfQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJtmNmh01gg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZdCuA7SbzaM
Historyofrchitecture. “Pre-historic Architecture” Accessed May 12,2020.
http://historyofrchitecture.blogspot.com/2010/12/prehistorian-
architecture.html
Medievalchronicles. “Medieval Architecture” Accessed May 14, 2020.
https://www.medievalchronicles.com/medieval-architecture/
Richlyadorned. “Pre-historic Art” Accessed May 11, 2020.
https://richlyadorned.wordpress.com/2017/01/31/hairdos-in-prehistoric-
europe/
Slideshare. Classical Architecture” Accessed May 11, 2020.
https://www.slideshare.net/dangdeleon/mapeh-g9-1st-grading-art-painting
Slideshare. “Western Classical Art” Accessed May 12, 2020.
https://www.slideshare.net/JULIANCHASE/paintings-from-different-
periods-ancient-classical-and-medieval-period-mapeh-art-grade-9-quarter-
1-complete
Timeforlearning. “Stonehenge” Accessed May 10, 2020.
http://www.timeforlearning.net/wpcontent/uploads/2013/07/Stonehenge2
.jpg
Physical and Health Learning Materials 9 pp. 222 – 230
https://www.google.com/search?q=animation+image+of+houses+on+estero
&sxsrf=ALeKk01KhIqZp_A3EZ534RbJJtCJJzaQoA:1589436863940&source
=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiotqvd2bLpAhVME4gKHR60AdgQ_A
UoAXoECAwQAw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=2p_ybqSMzYxA8M&imgdii=EF
6ciq3n0avxmM

39
https://legalcareerpath.com/what-is-environmental-law/

Acknowledgment
DEVELOPMENT TEAM OF THE MODULE
Management Team:
Malcolm S. Garma, Regional Director
Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief
Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS In Charge of LRMS
Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent
Aida H. Rondilla, CID Chief
Lucky S. Carpio, EPS In Charge of LRMS

MUSIC 9
Writers: Rebecca C. Vargas & Michael G. Dela Pena
Editors: Luis M. Anchilo
Reviewer: Luis M. Anchilo, PSDS & Supervisor-in-Charge (MAPEH)
Layout Artist: Rebecca C. Vargas & Michael G. Dela Pena
ARTS 9
Writers: Aubrie Ann C. Patdu & Joanna Dionisio
Editors: Sol D. Cayaban, MT-I & Ma. Agie O. Amar HT-III
Reviewer: Luis M. Anchilo, PSDS & Supervisor-in-Charge (MAPEH)
Illustrator: Darwin M. Reginio
Layout Artist: Aubrie Ann C. Patdu
PHYSICAL EDUCATION 9
Writers: Federico S. Legaspi, Jay-ar T. Rapiz, & Christian Mark S. Solayao

Editors: Conrado S. Contreras Jr., HT-VI

Reviewer: Luis M. Anchilo, PSDS & Supervisor-in-Charge (MAPEH)

Layout Artist: Federico S. Legaspi
HEALTH 9
Writers: Nilda S. Dayrit & Eden J. Penaranda
Editors: Normita R. Okafor, HT-VI
Reviewer: Luis M. Anchilo, PSDS & Supervisor-in-Charge (MAPEH)

40