EGG PEELING MACHINE

_______________________________________________________________

A project Study

Presented to the department of Mechanical Engineering

Cebu Institute of Technology – University

Cebu City Philippines

_______________________________________________________________
In Partial Fulfillment

of the requirements of the Degree

_______________________________________________________________
By:

Bacon, Alexel C.

Bustamante, Carl Venson C.

Mier, Jasper Clark G.

Paquibo, Hardon Garth M.

Ragusta, Ariel A.

Wong, Aldrich Jeremy L.

Engr. Ray H. Malonjao

Adviser

March 2020

i
 Approval Sheet

This thesis entitled, Egg Peeling Machine prepared and submitted by Alexel C. Bacon,

Carl Venson C. Bustamante, Jasper Clark G. Mier, Hardon Garth M. Paquibo, Ariel A.

Ragusta, and Aldrich Jeremy L. Wong in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING is hereby

recommended for approval.

Engr. Ray H. Malonjao

Adviser
Date: _____________

Engr. Marlito V. Patunob Engr. Rodulfo R. Navarro Jr.

Member Member
Date: _____________ Date: _____________

Engr. Roberto P. Base Jr.

Member
Date: _____________

This thesis is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering.

Engr. Marlito V. Patunob Engr. Roberto P. Base Jr.

Thesis Instructor Chair, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Date: _____________ Date: _____________

Engr. Evangeline C. Evangelista

Dean, College of Engineering and Architecture
Date: _____________

ii
 Abstract

The purpose of this research is to fabricate a machine that can peel both chicken

and quail eggs. The researchers designed this machine to be able to simultaneously

peel both chicken and quail eggs for mass peeling. The machine is made to reduce

human effort and complete the job efficiently. This operation requires less skill from a

worker.

Eggs contain proteins, when those proteins are subjected to heating, a process

called coagulation occurs. This essentially means that the proteins turn from liquid to

solid, making the egg much more ideal to consume. But the process also makes boiled

eggs significantly difficult to peel since proteins are very sticky. When the egg white

cooks, it can bind to the shells thus when you peel a hardboiled egg sometimes it

causes scuffing where a portion of the cooked egg white also gets unintentionally

removed. The researchers aim to design this machine to be able to efficiently peel the

eggs without scuffing the egg. The machine contains an ac motor that powers the

conveyor which is responsible for delivering the eggs from the egg reservoir to the

counter rotating shaft. The counter rotating shaft is inserted to a rubber tube. The rubber

tube peels the eggs due to friction. The egg shells are collected at the bottom for easy

disposal. Then a coiled roller pushes the egg in to the funnel where the eggs falls in a

storage.

iii
 Acknowledgement

Foremost, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to our thesis adviser

and panelist Engr. Ray H. Malonjao, Engr. Marlito Patunob and Engr. Rodulfo Navarro

Jr. for the continuous guidance, suggestions and lessons on how to technically write

and professionally designed our study and research titled “Egg Peeling Machine”, for

their motivation and immense knowledge. Their guidance helped us in all the time in

research and writing for thesis. We could not have imagined having a better thesis

adviser for our study and research.

Besides our adviser, we would also like to thank Mr. Edsel Bacon for his insights

generally about materials and how we can fully utilize its properties in order to maximize

its capabilities. His wisdom and knowledge helped us gain a better sense of judgement

in how to develop our research.

We are also thankful to ourselves because we were able to stimulate discussions,

for sleepless nights we were working together before deadlines. Also, we thank our

friends, for the encouragements and helpful tips in order for our study and research to

be successful.

iv
 Table of Contents

Page

Front Page i

Approval Sheet ii

Abstract iii

Acknowledgement iv

Table of Contents v

List of Tables viii

List of Figures ix

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background of the Study 1

1.2 Problem Statement 3

1.3 Objectives 4

1.4 Scope and Limitations 4

Chapter 2 THEORITICAL BACKGROUND 5

2.1 Theories 5

2.1.1 Torque 5

2.1.2 Friction 6

2.1.3 Kinematics 7

2.1.4 Shaft 8

2.1.5 Transmission of Power, Torque and Speed 9

2.1.6 Stresses in Shafts, Subject in Torsion 10

2.1.7 Strength of Shaft with Assumed Allowable Stresses 11

v
 (PSME CODE)

2.1.8 Roller Chain 12

2.1.9 Design Procedure for Roller Chain 13

2.1.10 Design Procedure for Belt and Pulley 15

2.1.11 Rolling Contact Cylinders 16

2.1.12 Stress 17

2.2 Literature Review 22

2.3 Closest Prior Art 26

Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 29

3.1 Project Flowchart 29

3.2 Theoretical Framework of the Project 29

3.2.1 Brainstorming 29

3.2.2 Discussion and selection of project 30

3.2.3 Patent Searching 31

3.2.4 Review of Related Literature 31

3.2.5 Design/Development 32

3.3 Design Drawing 34

3.3.1 Isometric View of Design 35

3.3.2 Exploded View of Design 36

3.4 Discussion of each Major Part 53

3.5 Mathematical Framework 54

Chapter 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 61

4.1 Experimentation 61

vi
 4.2 Economical Analysis 72

Chapter 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 74

5.1 Conclusion 74

5.2 Recommendations 75

Bibliography 76

Appendix A: PATENT SEARCH REPORT 77

Appendix B: COST ANALYSIS/BILL OF MATERIALS 79

Appendix C: GANTT CHART 81

Appendix D: CURRICULUM VITAE 85

List of Tables

Table No. Table Description Page

2.1 Table of Comparison 28

3.1 Assembly Parts List 36

3.2 Assembly Parts List 37

4.1 Chicken Egg Result - A 62

4.2 Chicken Egg Result - B 65

4.3 Quail Egg - A 67

4.4 Quail Egg - B 70

Appendix A Patent Search Report 76

Appendix B Cost Analysis 78

Appendix C Research Time Table 82

vii
 List of Figures

Figure No. Figure Description Page

2.1 Solid Shaft 9

2.2 Hollow Shaft 9

2.3 Roller Chain 12

2.4 Design Procedure Roller Chain 13

2.5 Design Procedure for Belt and Pulley 15

2.6 Rolling Contact Cylinders 16

2.7 Stress 18

2.8 Torsional Stress 19

2.9 Variable Stress 19

3.1 – 3.18 CAD Designs 34-52

3.25 Gear Computations 58-60

4.1-4.9 Chicken Egg Results 62-65

4.10-4.16 Quail Egg Results 68-70

viii
 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Eggs are a very popular item on the grocery list for many people globally. Indeed,

eggs, specifically chicken and quail eggs, are on the list of the most commonly-

consumed foods. There is no alternative to the quality of an egg and it is often

described as “nature’s perfect food”; “eggs are a ubiquitous part of breakfast and

provide the highest quality protein, versatility, and convenience” (United States

American Egg Board).

Eggs top the most consumed protein-rich foods in the Philippines, based on the

food consumption survey conducted in 2008 conducted by the Food and Nutrition

Research Institute of the Department of Science and Technology (FNRI-DOST),

meaning eggs can be found in nearly every household. The hard-boiled egg can be

eaten at any time of the day with many different dishes. The most popular time of day to

consume hard-boiled eggs is in the morning, where a good deal of people is tired and

looking for a quick, easy meal. The effort required to peel a hard-boiled egg can make

for an arduous morning task, yet if people had a way to quickly and effectively peel the

egg, they might be more inclined to eat them. Even more, peeling an egg might seem a

boring chore to some, but for the elderly and anyone with limited use of their hands, it is

much more than that. Peeling the shell off an egg, especially with the tiny crumbles and

sticky membrane, could potentially steer consumers from eating boiled eggs all together.

1
It is truly unfortunate that the health benefits of the eggs are compromised simply

because their preparation is strenuous.

A hard-boiled egg peeler could also be convenient for restaurants and hotel

buffets. Since the amount of eggs that need to be peeled in these establishments is

much greater than that of a single household, the amount of time and effort spent is

proportionally greater as well. Whether it is a continental breakfast or buffet, hard-boiled

eggs are a popular food item for consumers. Since there is a high population of people

eating at hotels and restaurants, there needs to be a large number of hard-boiled eggs

to ensure the guests an opportunity to consume the healthy protein. The time spent to

peel all the hard-boiled eggs could be decreased and only one or two machine operator

is needed, while other workers could spend their time completing other tasks. The

boiled egg peeler simply brings the consumer the health benefits of eggs in their diet

with nearly no effort in the peeling process.

Sanitation is also a major issue with many restaurants in the community. With the

development of the automated egg cracker and peeler, the device will be easy to clean

and employees will not have to fiddle with peeling eggs and contaminating other dishes

in the kitchen. With proper care and cleaning of the machine, there will be less bacteria

transfer from the human handling of these eggs and health hazards can be avoided.

The logic behind the hard-boiled egg peeler is essentially that it promotes a

healthier, more efficient life-style. If people had access to a faster and nearly effortless

method of peeling the hard-boiled egg, they would be much more motivated to eat one.

2
1.2 Problem Statement

Based on the vendor we asked here in CIT-U’s canteen, peeling hard-boiled egg

shells is a tedious and time-consuming task to do. There is a risk of losing some of the

egg in the process is likely, since it tends to stick to the shell. The vendor claims to peel

around 1000 eggs per day. Instead of utilizing the time and energy for other things, it

will only be wasted in peeling the eggs.

The shell of an egg is consisting of approximately 95% of calcium carbonate in

the form of calcite. The egg is packed with protein, especially the whites and when

those proteins are exposed to heat—like when an egg is being cooked—the proteins

coagulate, or turn from liquid to solid which makes the eggshells difficult to remove.

Detaching the shells of an egg causes various problems to the people. Carefully

peeling bits of shell every day is truly hassle and time consuming. The main problem of

peeling the eggs manually is that, it is very time consuming, physically draining,

damages the eggs and causes low productivity, especially in businesses that involves

egg.

With these difficulties, it leads the researchers to create an innovative machine

that will help the people, most especially industries that associate with eggs to make

their work easier and convenient.

1.3 Objectives

• To design and fabricate an egg peeling machine which has an efficiency rate of

at least 80%.

• To automate the process of peeling eggs – hard-boiled without damaging it.

3
 • To design and fabricate a machine which peels both quail egg and chicken egg

simultaneously.

• To design and fabricate a machine which can simultaneously peel up to 25 quail

eggs and 20 chicken eggs per minute

1.4 Scope and Limitations

This project is intended to make the process of peeling eggs, both chicken and

quail eggs, easier and faster. The researchers propose a machine which can peel up to

25 quail eggs per minute, 20 for chicken eggs. A rolling cylinder mechanism is designed

to detached the shell from the egg by rotating two rubber cylinders in opposite direction

creating friction, and a coiled-rolling cylinder is used to support the egg from falling and

at the same time directs the peeled egg towards the funnel down to the egg collector.

The observed limitations for the design are as follows:

• The design observes the needs of an AC powered operation and an operator to

manually power on and off the machine.
• The process of peeling is purely for hard-boiled eggs, preferably chicken with the
size of small or medium, with a length of around 2.3 inches and quail egg with a
length of around 1.25 inches.
• The machine does not have a cracking mechanism thus, eggs should be pre-
cracked manually.

4
 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Theories

2.1.1 Torque

In order to find a linear force, we need to know a mass and an acceleration.

However, torque is a little different, thanks to rotation being involved. Think about

opening a door. Where do you push on it when you want it to open? You push on the

side of the door where there are no hinges because pushing on the side with the hinges

would make it much harder to open. So, for torque, we need to know not only the mass

and acceleration of a linear force, but also how far that force is from the axis of rotation,

since we can get different results depending on that, as well. We can this in the diagram

and equation for torque.

-----------

T = F x r x sin(θ)

Where:

T = torque

F = linear force

r = distance measured from the axis of rotation to where the linear force is applied

theta = angle between F and r

In our equation, sin ( ) has no units, r has units of meter (m), and F has
5
units of Newton’s (N). Combining these together, we can see that a unit of torque

is a Newton-meter (Nm).

Finally, is needed to take into account the direction from which the

linear force is being applied. The force will not always be pushed form straight on

like a door. It can come from many different angles.

2.1.2 Friction

Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and

material elements sliding against each other. Since it is the force perpendicular or

“normal” to the surfaces which affects the frictional resistance, this force is typically

called the ”normal force” and designated by N. The frictional resistance force may then

be written:

Friction = µN

µ = coefficient of friction

µk = coefficient of kinetic friction

µs = coefficient of static friction

The frictional force is also presumed to be proportional to the coefficient of

friction. However, the amount of force required to move an object starting from rest is

usually greater than the force required to keep it moving at constant velocity once it is

started. Therefore, two coefficients of friction are sometimes quoted for a given pair of

surfaces – a coefficient of kinetic friction. The force expression above can be called the

standard model of surface friction and is dependent upon several assumptions about

friction.

6
 While this general description of friction has practical utility, it is by no means a

precise description of friction. Friction is in fact a very complex phenomenon which

cannot be represented by a simple model. Almost very simple statement you make

about friction can be countered with specific examples to the contrary. Saying that

rougher surfaces experience more friction sounds safe enough – two pieces of coarse

sandpaper will obviously be harder to move relative to each other than two pieces of

fine sandpaper. But if two pieces of flat metal are made progressively smoother, you will

reach a point where the resistance to relative movement increases, If you make them

very flat and smooth, and remove all surface contaminants in a vacuum, the smooth flat

surfaces will actually adhere to each other, making what is called a “cold weld”.

2.1.3 Kinematics

Kinematics is a branch of classical mechanics that describes the motion of points,

bodies (objects), and systems of bodies (groups of objects) without considering the

forces that caused the motion. Kinematics, as a field of study, is often referred to as the

“geometry of motion” and is occasionally seen as a branch of mathematics. A

kinematics problem begins by describing the geometry of the system and declaring the

initial conditions of any known values of position, velocity and/ or acceleration of points

within the system, Then, using arguments from geometry, the position, velocity and

acceleration of any unknown parts of the system can be determined. The study of how

forces act on bodies falls within kinetics, not kinematics. For further details, see

analytical dynamics.

7
 Kinematics is used in astrophysics to describe the motion of celestial bodies and

collections of such bodies. In mechanical engineering, robotics, and biomechanics

kinematics is used to describe the motion of systems composed of joined parts (multi-

link systems) such as an engine, a robotic arm or the human skeleton.

Geometric transformations, also called rigid transformations, are used to

describe the movement of components in a mechanical system, simplifying the

derivation of the equations of motion. They are also central to dynamic analysis.

Kinematic analysis is the process of measuring the kinematic quantities used to

describe motion. In engineering, for instance, kinematic analysis may be used to find

the range of movement for a given mechanism and working in reverse, using kinematic

synthesis to design a mechanism for a desired range of motion. In addition, kinematics

applies algebraic geometry to the study of the mechanical advantage of a mechanical

system or mechanism.

2.1.4 Shaft

Shaft is long, narrow part of a weapon, foot, or instrument. It is a bar in a

machine which holds or turns other parts that move or spin. Something that is

suggestive of the shaft of a spear or arrow especially in long slender cylindrical form.

(From Design of Machine Elements by Virgil Moring Faires)

8
 FIGURE 2.1 Solid Shaft

2.1.5 Transmission of Power, Torque and Speed

P = 2πTN Eqn. 2.1

T=Fxr Eqn. 2.2

Where:

P = power transmitted (kW)

T = torque or torsional moment (kN-m)

N = speed (rev/sec)

F = transmitted load or tangential force (kN)

r = radius (m)

FIGURE 2.2 Hollow Shaft

9
2.1.6 Stresses in Shafts, Subject to Torsion

Ss = Eqn. 2.3

= R Q 翿ā Eqn. 2.4

ｈ
Ss = thR āh Q R 耀 R ā݈ t Eqn. 2.5

ｈ h
Ss = h
thR ݈h h R 耀 R ā݈ t Eqn. 2.6

J= thR āh Q R 耀 R ā݈ t Eqn. 2.7

J= h thR ݈h h R 耀 R ā݈ t Eqn. 2.8

Where:

Ss = torsional stress

T = torque or torsional moment

C = center distance from neutral axis to the outermost fiber

C = radius (for solid circular shaft)

J = polar moment of inertia

D = diameter of shaft

L = length of shaft

Θ = angular deformation in length L, radians

G = modulus of rigidity in shear

= 11, 500, 000 psi to 12, 000, 000 psi for steel

Do= outside diameter

Di = inside diameter

M = bending moment

10
2.1.7 Strength of Shaft with Assumed Allowable Stresses (PSME CODE)

For main Power Transmitting Shafts:

D N 80
P= 80
or D= Eqn. 2.9

For Lines Shaft Carrying Pulleys:

D N 5 .5
P= 5 .5
or D= Eqn. 2.10

For Small/Short Shaft:

D N 8
P= 8
or D= Eqn. 2.11

Where:

P = power transmitted in Hp

D = diameter of shaft in inches

N = speed in rpm

Calculations of roller chain and sprockets

(From Design of Machine Elements by Virgil Moring Faires)

Chains for power transmission

The different types of chain used for power transmission are:

i. Block chain

ii. Roller chain

iii. Inverted-tooth chain or silent chain

2.1.8 Roller Chain

11
 It consists of two rows of outer and inner plates. The outer row of plates in known

as pin link or coupling link whereas the inner row of plates is called roller link. A pin

passes through the bush which is secured in the holes of the inner pair of links and is

riveted to the outer pair of links as shown in Fig. 2.3 each bush is surrounded by a roller.

The rollers run freely on the bushes and the bushes turn freely on the pins.

FIGURE 2.3

A roller chain is extremely strong and simple construction. It gives good services

under severe conditions. To avoid longer sprocket diameter, multi-row roller chains or

chains with multiple strand width are used. Theoretically, the power capacity multi-

strand chain is equal to the capacity of the single chain multiplied by the number of

strand, but actually is reduced by then percent.

2.1.9 Design Procedure for Roller Chain

12
 FIGURE 2.4

Let:

p = pitch

d1 = diameter of smaller sprocket

d2 = diameter of larger sprocket

n1 = speed of smaller sprocket

n2 = speed of larger sprocket

z1 = number of teeth on smaller sprocket

z2 = number of teeth on larger sprocket

L = length of chain in pitches

C = center diameter

Cp = center distance in pitches

Pitch of chain
00 t
P 25 翿
Eqn. 2.12

Where p in mm, and n1 = speed of smaller sprocket

Number of teeth on the sprocket:

13
翿
翿
Eqn. 2.13

Pitch diameters

d= 80 Eqn. 2.14
sin 

Velocity
ā翿
v= t h Eqn. 2.15

Center Distance Between Sprockets:

C=8 ܶ 0.8 0 Eqn. 2.16

Where:

C = center distance, mm

P = pitch of chain, mm

L = length of chain, in pitches

T = no. of teeth of large sprocket

t = no. of teeth of small sprocket

Length of chain:

ܶ
L = 2C + ܶ 0h
Eqn. 2.17

Where;

L = length of chain, in pitches

C = center distance in pitches

T = no. of teeth of large sprocket

T = no. of teeth of small sprocket

Pitch Diameter of Sprocket:

14
 ව⠜ where P = pitch of sprocket Eqn. 2.18
th

2.1.10 Design Procedure for Belt and Pulley

FIGURE 2.5

Formulas:

π ܶ
L = 2C+ ( ܶ + h
Eqn. 2.19

L = Length of Belt
ܶ
C= + Or C = Eqn. 2.20

C = Center Distance

>whichever is larger

V = πDn , fpm Eqn. 2.21

V = Pitch Line Velocity

15
Speed Ratio,

π 翿 =π 翿
翿
翿
=> Approximate Eqn. 2.22

Or

π ܶ 翿 =π ܶ 翿
翿 ܶ
翿 ܶ
=> Exact Eqn. 2.23

θ = 180 + or - 2α Eqn. 2.24

Where,

α = sin h
Eqn. 2.25

Note:

+ for larger pulley

- for smaller pulley

S = rθ Eqn. 2.26

2.1.11 Rolling Contact Cylinders

Two cylinders are in rolling contact if they are contact along a line and the

relative motion is such that no slipping occurs between the coincident points along the

line or contact.

FIGURE 2.6

Equations:
16
P = 2πTn

V = πDn
ܶ
c= or

c=R ܶR Eqn. 2.27

Where,

P = power transmitted

T = torque

n = Speed

V = Surface/pitch line velocity

c = center distance or shaft distance

= diameter of cylinder A

= diameter of cylinder B

2.1.12 Stress

(From Design of Machine Elements by Virgil Moring Faires)

Stress is force or load per unit area. It is also defined as the unit strength of a material

or the deforming force acting on a body.

Two primary types of stress:

A. Normal Stress, o – the area is normal to the force carried

B. Shear Stress , T – the area is parallel to the force

17
 FIGURE 2.7

Ultimate Stress (Su) is stress that would cause failure.

Yield Stress (Sy) is maximum stress without causing deformation.

耀 h ā R āā
Allowable Stress (or safe stress) =t hR ht ā t ݁ ‫ݐ‬

耀 h ā R āā
=Q ā 翿t hR

Design Stress (Sd) is stress used in the determining the size of a member.
耀 ݁
Sd = ‫ݐ‬ ‫ݐ‬
Eqn. 2.28

Torsional Stress is the shear stress on a transverse cross section resulting when one

end of a machine members twisted in one direction.

18
 FIGURE 2.8

Variable Stress

FIGURE 2.9
h
= ݁
ܶ
h
Eqn. 2.29

Where:

N = factor of safety

Sy = yieldpoint

Sn = endurance limit

Sm = mean stress
h nܶ h 翿
= Eqn. 2.30

Sa = variable component stress

h n h翿
= Eqn. 2.31

Smax = maximumstress

Smin = minimumstress

19
 Thomas Gisonni, (1977) in this paper author has designed a hard-boiled egg

peeler, including a cylindrical housing defining sidewall openings through which prongs

extend. The prongs are anchored at their outermost extent and protrude inwardly to a

point proximate the center of the housing, terminating thereat in hook-like end portions.

The prongs have a sufficient width and are in sufficient number to substantially retain

the peeled egg shell after a hard-boiled egg is pushed through the cylinder, past the

prongs and with its shell removed by the hook-like portions. Resilient material is placed

between each prong and the inner sidewall of the housing to provide additional

resilience to the prongs.

David R. Zittel and Steven B. Malchow, in this paper author has designed a

machine for peeling and cleaning fruits and vegetables using a plurality of rotating

abrasive rollers which are driven by an electric motor. The machine has a frame with a

pair of end plates that carry the rollers in a rotative manner. Each motor is carried by an

end plate and coupled to a roller solely to drive only that roller. In one preferred

embodiment, the motor is coupled to a gear reducer that preferably is a cycloidal gear

reducer having an output shaft coupled to one end of a roller and which has an output

20
shaft axis of rotation generally coaxial with the axis of rotation of the roller. In another

preferred embodiment, the motor can be directly coupled to the roller with its output

shaft axis of rotation generally coaxial with the roller axis of rotation. To control

operation and speed of the abrasive rollers, the motors are controlled by a motor

controller that preferably is a variable frequency electric motor drive. Where the

machine uses an auger to urge food product through the machine, the auger can be

driven by an electric motor whose operation and speed preferably is controlled by a

variable frequency electric motor drive. Where the machine is a rotating cage machine,

the cage can be driven by an electric motor whose operation and speed preferably are

controlled by a variable frequency electric motor drive. Each motor preferably is a three-

phase alternating current electric motor.

J cox (1971), in this paper author has designed an adjoining roller in an inclined

bank rotate in opposite directions. The bank is sprayed with water. Seafood, such as

shrimp, is delivered to a crotch between a first and second roller. When the contacting

surface between the rollers move downward, they draw the peels through the bottom of

the crotch and reject the slippery meat. On the reverse movement of the surfaces, the
21
rejected meat is carried over the second roller to the next crotch. Here the operation of

peeling and discharging is repeated, and the shrimp are delivered to successive

crotches along the bank. Rollers on an endless conveyor roll over the bank to prevent

shrimp from floating down the inclined bank and to press them between the crotches.

2.2 Literature Reviews

2.2.1 A disclose patent of a Quail Egg Shelling Machine, publication number

of CN202653114U, was invented by a Chinese named 丁立君 . The quail egg shelling

machine comprises a feeding funnel, a husking device, a shell pressing device and an

outlet material collecting device which are sequentially arranged on a machine frame,

wherein the feeding funnel is arranged on the machine frame in a state of vibrating up

and down in a reciprocating way, and is connected to one end of the husking device by

virtue of a feeding device; the shell pressing device is arranged right above the husking

device and is in the state of moving up and down in the reciprocating way; and the other

end of the husking device is connected with the outlet material collecting device. This

22
machine can simultaneously peel a great number of quail eggs but this machine is

enormous and bulky. This is best for industrial production.

2.2.2 Another disclosed patent, Household Direct Current Power-Driven

Peeling Machine For Boiled Quail Eggs, publication number of CN203436214U, was

invented by three Chinese, namely: 兰 敦 臣 , 柯 洪 娣 and 岳 红 . The household direct

current power-driven peeling machine is composed of a direct current motor, a motor

wheel, a push-and-pull swing shaft, a plastic sealing box, swing supports, a left and

right swing support plate, a tension spring, a plastic sealing box clamping plate and

other parts. Although this design is compact, it lacks the ability to operate anywhere due

to the need of an AC outlet for power.

23
 2.2.3 Integrated Automatic Egg Peeling Machine, publication number of

CN108354140A, was invented by 高京 and 贾凯. The working principle is similar to the

first patent mentioned above. The integrated automatic egg peeling machine comprises

a tank body and an eggshell collecting device, wherein an inlet allowing eggs to be put

is formed in the upper end of the tank body; a first outlet allowing the eggs to be

discharged is formed in the side edge of the tank body; a motor is arranged at the

bottom of the tank body; a water tank is arranged on the side edge of the motor; a

colliding type shell breaking device is arranged at the upper end in the tank body; a

friction type shell removing device is arranged at the oblique lower part of the colliding

type shell breaking device; the colliding type shell breaking device is in butt joint with the

friction type shell removing device through a bevel rolling device; and a water circulation

device is arranged between the colliding type shell breaking device and the friction type

shell removing device. Similar issue discovered is that this design is bulky and heavy.

24
This design can peel quail eggs in a fast rate thus this serves better in industrial

productions.

2.2.4 Lastly, a disclosed patent, A Biaxially Efficient Transmission Quail Egg

Sheller, publication number of CN108813421A, was invented by 毛臣臣. This machine

includes a hopper, peel means, pressure housing means, and outfeed fence rack, and

in turn fixedly mounted on the frame; peel means comprises two sets of peel; and

shelling rollers are rotatably connected; stripping both end surfaces of the housing is

provided with a roller gear; pressing means comprises a housing and a platen pressure

shaft; rotation of the platen fitting through the through holes; wherein the rotation means

and the peel between a driven shaft connected to the frame; a second driven shaft

provided with a and a second sprocket gear; a second gear each with two

circumferential side surface of the drive gear; limiting post finale other end of the main

25
shaft is rotated with the rotation. Similar to the patent mentioned above, the problem of

this design is the large size and heavy weight.

2.3 Closest Prior Art

2.3.1 Egg-Peeling Pole and Automatic Shell-Peeling Machine

The utility model relates to an egg-decorticating lever and a boiled egg automatic

decorticator utilized this egg-decorticating lever, wherein the boiled egg automatic

decorticator comprises an egg-decorticating device and a propulsion unit. The egg-

decorticating device is provided with a plurality of rotating egg-decorticating levers and a

plurality of egg-decorticating tracks formed by the side-by-side egg-decorticating levers.

The propulsion unit is provided with a plurality of movable push bars, which side by side

bestride over the egg-decorticating tracks and are utilized for pushing the

boiled egg along the egg-decorticating track. The boiled egg automatic decorticator is

characterized in that every egg-decorticating lever is provided with a shell-breaking

26
section and a next shell-decorticating section, and the boiled egg firstly passes the

shell-breaking section and then passes the shell-decorticating section. The boiled egg is

knocked and broken in the shell-breaking section, and is decorticated in the shell-

decorticating section. The utility model discloses mainly used gets rid of the eggshell

and uses, and applicable eggshell in the difference is got rid of, through motor -driven

mode, rapid removal eggshell, replaces the manual work mode of peeling off, and work

efficiency promotes greatly, lightens intensity of labour.

27
2.3.2 Comparison of Closest Prior Arts vs. the Proposed Project

Closest Prior Arts (Egg-Peeling Pole Proposed Project (Egg Peeling Machine)

and Automatic Shell-Peeling Machine)

1. Compose of shell-decorticating section Compose only with coiled rollers and rubber

and shell-breaking section to peel the tube to peel the egg.

egg.

2. Designed solely for chicken egg Designed for chicken and quail eggs

shelling. shelling

3. Both have water system.

4. Both have eggshell disposal system.

5. Both utilizes AC motor.

Comparison Table for Closest Prior Art vs. Proposed Project

In comparison to the closest prior art, the proposed project is an indoor or

outdoor type for business production. Unlike in the closest prior art, features such as

Indoor type for egg shelling, designed solely for chicken egg shelling only, shell-

decorticating section and shell-breaking section to peel the egg and mobility of the

design, the prior arts components and mechanisms were added or modified in order to

achieve said design.

28
 Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Project Flow Chart

3.2 Theoretical Framework of the Project

3.2.1 Brainstorming

Discussing with the group is essential in order to come up an idea or topics. On

selecting the proposed project, each of the researchers generated many ideas and

possible innovation to come up for our project through brainstorming. In this process,

the researchers listed each of their innovative ideas and concepts including the relevant

characteristics and eliminate those irrelevant. Further discussing the details, problems

and questioning each researcher to completely understand its purpose after providing

suggestions to the research topic. The researcher was able to obtain answers and

29
acknowledge fellow comments about the research topic. The group’s preliminary

discussion was finished and able to obtain 5 topics which are Drainage Cleaner,

Automatic Bench Vise, Automatic Shoe Cleaner, Egg Peeler Machine, and 2-Wheeled

Fork Lift.

Hard Boiled Eggs Time Chart :

Cook Time Result

3 minutes Very runny soft boiled eggs

4 minutes Runny soft boiled eggs

5 minutes Very gooey medium boiled eggs

6 minutes Gooey medium boiled eggs

7 minutes Just set medium boiled eggs

8 minutes Medium-hard boiled eggs

9 minutes Very creamy hard boiled eggs

10 minutes Creamy hard boiled eggs

13 minutes Firm hard boiled eggs

15 minutes Very firm hard boiled eggs

17 minutes Yolk starts to be overcooked

20 minutes Yolk is overcooked

1
 Based on the chart above, the ideal boiling time would be 15 minutes. This is

where the hard boiled egg is very firm but yet the yolk inside is not overcooked. As for

the quail egg we boiled the quail egg for 5 minutes based on the research done on the

internet.

3.2.2 Discussion and Selection of Project

In deciding on the proposed design, the researchers identified the real essence

of the problem first and then came up with the idea on how to innovate a quail egg

peeler machine. The researchers take the challenge and not compromise with the

existing design. The researchers discuss and decide to make a compact “kwek-kwek”

making machine which adds a process on our past design. After the defense, the

researchers were unable to meet the desired output that the instructors were looking for.

That’s why the instructors challenged the researchers again to further innovate the

project to make an egg peeling machine but with different sizes of egg which means a

project proposal of an egg peeler machine where it can peel both quail and chicken

eggs.

As what the researchers gathered upon conducting some questions about

peeling quail eggs and chicken eggs, the researchers were able to conclude that

peeling quail and chicken eggs is no easy task. The researchers then searched some

ideas and related articles for the proper machine they can use in aiding the problem.

Theories gathered helped in having more clear idea of the mechanism needs to be used.

The researchers design has main parts to be constructed, the Main Frame, Peeling

Mechanism, Belt and Pulley Arrangement, Chain and Sprocket Arrangement, Induction

1
Motor and Conveyor. General Design consideration taken into account includes that the

design should fulfill the basic need for mechanical power output.

Design consideration

When designing, the following consideration were taken into account.

 Excessive weight should be avoided, as mobility is prime consideration.

 Safety is our number one priority. It should pose no harm or hazard for the

customer and vendor.

 The machine should be easy to operate, maintain and repair.

3.2.3 Patent Searching

Patent searching is one of the most indispensable facets in any research work.

This is where you are going to need to learn some strategies and helps you in finding

the closest prior arts for your research project. Each of the group member was assigned

to do a research for prior arts in different online patent hosts. This operation includes a

certain category where the project belonged. The search even extended to various

classes and subclasses until particular classification codes were arrived at. These

codes were inputted to the advanced search engine, with definite relative keywords and

in the end, the group finally pulled out a considerable number of patent documents to be

subjected for the following phase.

3.2.4 Review of Related Literature

The pulled-out documents from the preceded method were reviewed in this stage.

Every document was read and evaluated with respect to their relevance with the

2
research work. Lastly, the related literatures were picked and were evaluated. The

literature covers the documents that are most relevant with the research study where

their designs and mechanisms were precisely reviewed and the group chose a quite few

after. The literatures finally listed include Quail Egg Shelling Machine, Household Direct

Current Power-Driven Peeling Machine for Boiled Quail Eggs, Integrated Automatic Egg

Peeling Machine and A Biaxially Efficient Transmission Quail Egg Sheller.

3.2.5 Design/Development

Belt and Pulley Arrangement

A pulley is used in transmitting rotation from one axis to another. It is attached to

a driving belt in which the power will be generated by a motor. Belt and pulley are used

because it can transmit power over larger distances and in constructed spaces. Also,

we used belt and pullet to avoid food contamination, which is one advantage they have

over chain and sprocket.

Sprocket Design

The number of teeth of each sprocket was determined based on the transmission

ratio needed between the bigger and smaller sprocket/pinion, using equation as:

t
t
;

Where I is the transmission ratio, T’ is the number of teeth on driven sprocket/pinion and

T is the number of teeth on driving sprocket/bigger sprocket.

Chain Design

The length of the chain required for a given pair of sprockets set at a known

distance on centers may be calculated according to the same general method for an

3
open belt. Since the pitch line of a sprocket is a polygon instead of a circle, the open

belt formula may be adapted to the chain as follows. Let D and d be the pitch diameters,

in inches, of the sprocket having T and T’ teeth respectively. Dp and dp the pitch

diameter in pitches. P = pitch of chain; C = distance between centers of sprockets, in

inches; Cp = center distance in pitches; L = length of chain in inches; Lp = length of

chain in pitches.

From Elements of Mechanism by Doughtie and James:

ව⠜ ව⠜
th t t
ܶ t t
t ܶ ht ܶ
ht

Or from Machine Design by Fairies: (Eqn. 2.17)

ܶ t t
Lp ht ܶ ܶ
⠜tt

Power Source Selection

An induction motor is used to power up the pulley and transmit rotation from one

axis to another through a flexible belt. Also, motor is easier to operate. The speed in

rpm of the motor are made by computations.

Bearing Selection

Each shaft of the design run through bearings at both ends of each shaft during

operation of the machine. A ball bearing is used to enable the shaft to produce

rotational movement, which reduces friction between the surface of the bearing and the

surface it’s rolling over to avoid different damage that may affect the shaft.

4
3.3 Design Drawing

EGG PEELING MACHINE

5
3.3.1 Isometric View of Design

TOP VIEW ISOMETRIC VIEW

FRONT VIEW RIGHT-SIDE VIEW

6
3.3.2 Exploded View of Design

ITEM QTY PART NAME

1 1 Backboard
2 1 Bar Platform
3 1 Bar Support
4 1 Base Frame
5 1 Egg Shell Collector
6 2 Coiled Rollers
7 4 Counter Rotating Rollers
8 1 Egg Bucket
9 1 Reservoir
10 1 Electric Motor
11 1 Funnel (Chicken Egg)
12 1 Funnel (Quail Egg)
13 1 Inclined Platform
14 1 Platform
15 1 Side Frame

7
ITEM QTY PART NUMBER
1 2 Side Frame
6 2 Chain and Sprocket
7 2 Belt and Pulley
9 1 Gear Reducer Box
14 1 Pillow Block Bearing
28 1 Quarter Twist Belt
25 1 Main Pulley Drive
20 2 Coiled Roller
17 4 Counter Rotating Rollers

8
AC Electric Motor

9
Motor with Worm Gear Reduction

10
Left side frame

11
Right side frame

12
Quail egg coiled roller

13
Chicken egg coiled roller

14
Pillow Block Bearing

15
Stainless Steel Square Tube Frame

16
Bevel Gear

17
Chain Coupler

18
Egg Conveyor

19
Sprocket

20
Residue Collector

21
Counter Rotating Rollers for Chicken Egg

22
Counter Rotating Rollers for Quail Egg

23
3.4 Discussion of Each Major Parts

 Egg peeler machine – it is a special peeling machine used for peeling boiled

quail and chicken eggs continuously.

 Power shaft / Main Shaft – is a mechanical component of the egg peeler for

transmitting torque and rotation, it used to connect other components of a drive

train that cannot be connected directly because of distance or the need to allow

for relative movement between them.

 Belt and Pulley – it is used to transmit mechanical power, torque and speed over

larger distances and in constructed spaces in the system of a quail egg peeler.

 Sprocket and Chain - Sprockets are one common way to transmit power and

change the output torque or speed of a mechanical system. Sprocket is on the

major component of this system because it is a power transmitting device. It gets

power from the chain drive and make the system to work. This device transmits

the linear motion of meshing chain drive into rotary motion by means of the tooth

found on it. Since the sprocket transmit power from the chain drive it should have

the capability to withstand the heavy load. So to withstand those impacts on

toothed area, it’s made of high carbon steel.

 Conveyor – it is used to moves the eggs from the egg reservoir to the counter

rotation shaft to peel the egg.

 Coiled Rollers – guides the egg to the funnel while adding some friction or force

to help the counter rotating rollers to peel the egg.

 Counter rotating rollers – the part that mostly peel the eggs with the help of the

coiled rollers.

24
3.5 Mathematical Framework

COMPUTATIONS:

Equations for the coefficient of friction for the peeling of the eggs:

For the quail egg

Solving for Torque, T:

T = Fr

Where:

r= ｈ 翿

r = radius of rolling cylinder which is 0.21875 in.Based on “Development Stage Affects

Eggshell Breaking Strength in Two Ground – Nesting Birds. The partridge (Aectoris rufa)

and the Quail (Coturnix Japonica)” Quail egg shells requires atleast 35 N or

7.8683130085 lb force to puncture it.

Thus;

T = 7.8683 lb (0.21875 in.)

T = 1.7212 lb-in.

FBD at contact:

Note: Provisional angle 40° based on other prior arts, testing is required to determine

the best angle for efficient peeling.

25
 µ
t
t
t
µ

䂞
.䂞 M th. th
µ
䂞.ව ව

µ ⠜.⠜ 䂞ව૝

Since we are considering to use rubber tube to peel the egg;

For rubber to rubber, the static friction coefficient is = 1.15

Thus, the coefficient of friction is more than enough to peel the egg

Similarly, for the chicken egg:

Based on “Egg Compression Strength Test” posted by Nicholas Schaulsohn on

February 28, 2011 an average of 71.5 lbs. is needed to break chicken egg

Thus, for the diameter of the counter rotating roller to be used is

D = 0.496”

Thus,

䂞 .૝ M ⠜. වn

䂞.䂞 ૝ M.th

And,

t
µ

䂞.䂞 ૝ M.th ⠜. වn
µ
䂞 .૝ M

µ ⠜.⠜ ૝

26
Since we are considering to use rubber tube to peel the egg;

For rubber to rubber, the static friction coefficient is = 1.15

Thus, the coefficient of friction is more than enough to peel the egg

Computations for Power:

For Quail Egg:

For proving that 60 rpm is enough to achieve 30 quail eggs per minute.

Based on the data gathered as well as observations from the other prior arts, the

researchers concluded that approximately 1 revolution of the coiled roller is needed to

peel 1 quail egg.

So, for the motor that delivers 60 rpm:

R h Q 耀
ｈ0 n 5 Q 耀 ā
h翿 . R h

Thus 60 rpm is more than enough to peel 30 quail eggs per minute.

Then solving for Power needed to peel the quail egg:

P = 2πTn
rev
P π . lb in ｈ0
min
lb in ft
ｈ 8.8 x
min in
lb ft hp ｈW
5 .0 x x
min lb ft hp
000
min

P = 1.2224 W

For Chicken Egg:

27
For proving that 60 rpm is enough to achieve 25 chicken eggs per minute.

Based on the data gathered as well as observations from the other prior arts, the

researchers concluded that approximately 1.5 revolution of the coiled roller is needed to

peel 1 chicken egg.

So, for the motor that delivers 60 rpm:

R h Q ݈ 翿
ｈ0 n 0 Q ݈ 翿 ā
h翿 R h

Thus 60 rpm is more than enough to peel 25 chicken eggs per minute.

Then solving for Power needed to peel the quail egg:

P = 2πTn
rev
P π . 5lb in ｈ0
min
lb in ft
ｈｈ85. 5 x
min in
lb ft hp ｈW
55 . ｈ x x
min lb ft hp
000
min

P = 12.5952 W

28
Motor Specification:
= 0.5 hp
= 1720 rpm
Gear Reducer Specification:
= 1:60

*Motor to Speed Reducer:

0
ｈ0
0R h
ｈ0
8.ｈ R h

*Gear reducer to line shaft with sprocket & bevel gear:

13t
ｈ

ｈ
8.ｈ R h
ｈ . R h

29
*Line
5 shaft with sprocket to the shaft of the conveyor:
5 hh翿h ݁hR Q
5 5

ｈ . R h
5
5

5 ｈ . rpm
5
5 . R h

*Line Shaft with sprocket & bevel gear:

0
For Miter Bevel Gear
ｈ ｈ . R h
ｈ 8 0

30
 *Chicken coil roller speed:
8 ｈ .ｈｈ R h
8
8
8

ｈ . R h
ｈ . R h

ｈ . R h
ｈ . R h

*Quail coil roller speed:

ｈ . R h

ｈ .ｈｈ R h
67.77 rpm

ｈ . R h
ｈ . R h

*Counter rotating shaft with rubber speed:

0 = 67.77 rpm
0
5 0
5
ｈ
5 ｈ . R h
ｈ
5 5 . 8R h
31
 Chapter 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Experimentation

There are factors to be considered in order to make the machine as effective as

possible. Factors such us finding the right amount of time to boil then cool the egg, and

egg age are important to identify to control the test variable for peeling.

The researchers believe that by eliminating these factors it would enable us to

pin point the exact needed changes for the machine in order to improve the peeling

capabilities. First, it’s crucial to understand the properties of a boiled egg. One problem

that was observed right away is that when peeling a boiled egg, the protein membrane

of the egg becomes sticky to the egg shell which results to scuffing or damage when

peeling the egg. Thus, it is necessary to resolve this issue. Testing was conducted for

the ideal boiling time to harden the egg without making the inside membrane of the egg

not stick to the egg shell. Four sets chicken eggs and another four sets of quail egg

where boiled at different time duration. The time durations where 10 minutes, 12

minutes, 15 minutes and lastly at 18 minutes for chicken egg and 4 minutes, 6 minutes,

8 minutes and 10 minutes for the quail egg. By mere observations we concluded that 15

minutes of boiling time was the ideal item for chicken egg while for the quail egg is 6

minutes. Although it’s important to cool the egg after boiling, the time to cool was not as

significant as we initially thought.

32
 The second step is identifying an ideal egg age. An older chicken and quail egg,

roughly 1-2 weeks age would be much easier to peel. This is because older eggs have

a higher pH than fresher ones, which makes it less sticky.

For the chicken egg:

First, 18 chicken eggs were boiled for 15 minutes then cooled for 5-10 minutes in

cold water. Then the test was

conducted.

(Figure 4.1) Hard-boiled eggs

A. Chicken Egg (Egg = not pre-cracked , No water system)

CHICKEN EGG

Trial No. of Time Duration of Egg Water Eggs

Eggs Peeling Condition System peeled

1 6 35 not pre- none 0/6

cracked

2 6 39 not pre- none 2/6

cracked

3 6 37 not pre- none 2/6

cracked

33
(Fig4.2) Four eggs were partially peeled (Fig4.3) Two eggs peeled,
Remaining two were damaged three partially peeled, one

damaged.

(Fig4.4) Two eggs peeled, two eggs peeled but damaged

One partially peeled, one was crushed.

34
 In this initial stage of testing, the result was not ideal. The average peeling

percent out of 18 chicken eggs was only 22.22%. The researchers tinkered as to why

only 2 out of 18 eggs where peeled. The researchers believe that this was due to a

handful of factors. First, the rubber tube peeler that is responsible for the peeling of the

eggs were too small. By increasing the diameter of the rubber tube, the surface contact

between the chicken and the rubber tube also increases which means it would improve

the peeling as it would enable the rubber tube to grip the egg shells. Second, the angle

of the rubber tube peeler was not ideal. Sometimes the eggs would get crushed then

pushed right through between the rubber tube peeler. Adjustments to the angle of the

rubber tube peeler where needed to make sure that the egg would be in contact with the

rubber tube for as much as possible and that no eggs would fall through the center.

Third, when eggs get crushed, there are eggs residues in the rubber tube peeler which

then affects its peeling. The researchers proposed a water system in order to combat

this problem as well as for the sake of sanitation. Fourth, the rotation of the rubber tube

peeler is slow. Increasing the rpm was done by changing the gear transmissions. Lastly,

and probably the most important factor of all is that it’s almost impossible to peel the

chicken egg using the rubber tube peeler without pre-cracking the egg. The design that

the researchers proposed does not contain a pre-cracking mechanism. Thus, the

researchers decided to do the process manually. Another test was conducted after

adjustments were made. This time the eggs were pre-cracked, water system was added,

and the rubber tube peeler was adjusted the best possible.

35
 B. Chicken Egg (Eggs = Pre-cracked , Water system installed)

CHICKEN EGG

Trial No. of Time Egg Water Eggs Peeled

Eggs Duration of Condition System

Peeling

1 10 53 seconds pre-cracked yes 5/10

2 10 58 seconds pre-cracked yes 4/10

3 10 56 seconds pre-cracked yes 7/10

4 10 59 seconds Pre-cracked Yes 5/10

5 10 58 seconds Pre-cracked Yes 7/10

(Fig4.5) Five eggs peeled (Fig4.6) Four eggs peeled (Fig4.7)Seven eggspeeled
Three damaged, Two partially Three damaged, Three Two damaged, One
partially Peeled partially peeled peeled

36
(Fig4.8) Five peeled, Three damaged (Fig4.9) Seven eggs peeled, Two damaged

Two partially peeled one partially peeled

Based on the data gathered, there is an improvement of the machine output, with

an overall peeling effectiveness of 56%. Looking at the other 44% that failed, they were

scuffed eggs or are eggs that are only partially peeled, rarely the eggs get crushed

37
between the rubber tube peeler. The researchers believe that the percentage of peeling

can still be increased by modifying the speed of the rubber tube peeler. The researchers

also observed that the rubber tube peeler was vibrating a little. This implies that the egg

would not be consistently touching the surface areas of the rubber tube peeler due to

the vibrations. Adding a simple wire lace in the center would hold the rubber tube peeler

thus making it a bit more stable.

For the quail egg:

Similar experiment was conducted for the quail egg. Another 30 quail eggs were

boiled for 6 minutes then were placed in a cold water for 5 minutes.

Table A. Quail Eggs

QUAIL EGG

Trial No. of Time Duration of Egg Water RPM Eggs

Eggs Peeling Condition System Peeled

1 10 47 seconds not pre- None 28.67 1/10

cracked

2 10 44 seconds not pre- None 28.67 1/10

cracked

3 10 49 seconds not pre- None 28.67 0/10

cracked

38
(Fig4.10) One peeled (Fig4.11) One peeled (Fig4.12) Zero peeled,

Nine damaged eight damaged, one not peeled Eight damaged, one not peeled

The initial result for the quail egg peeling test shows poor results. The

researchers discussed the possible reasons for the low quality result. Mostly the quail

eggs were scuffed. One quail egg was inspected and was manually peeled. It was

observed that the quail egg shells were sticky, the egg gets damaged as it was

manually being peeled. Thus, the researchers brainstormed for other possible reasons

as to what could be the factor that is decreasing the peeling effectiveness. The

researchers conducted a mini experiment, this time using a quail egg from a poultry.

The vendor informed us that the quail egg was around 1-2 weeks. Then the quail egg

was boiled in the same method as before. Also, minor machine adjustments were done.

The mini experiment showed a significant difference.

39
Fig.4.13 Nine out of Ten eggs peeled.

This mini test showed promising results. This showed that the age of the

quail egg would play a significant role in increasing the effectiveness of the

peeling. Thus, for maximizing the peeling effectiveness the eggs should be at

proper age which could be at a recommended time of 1-2 weeks old.

40
 Table B. Quail Eggs

QUAIL EGG

Trial No. of Time Duration of Egg Water RPM Result

Eggs Peeling Condition System

1 10 48 seconds not pre- Yes 28.67 6/10

cracked

2 10 45 seconds not pre- Yes 28.67 5/10

cracked

3 10 47 seconds not pre- Yes 28.67 4/10

cracked

(Fig4.14 Six
peeled
(Fig4.15)Five Peeled
(Fig4.16) Four Peeled
Two damages Three Damages Five Damages
Two not peeled Two not peeled One not peeled

41
 Another test was conducted for the quail egg. As observed in the data above,

there is an improvement in the peeling. It’s important to make sure that the quail eggs

will be in an ideal condition before boiling in order to decrease the damage or scuffing

then increase the peeling effectiveness.

Still the researchers were scratching their heads as to why the peeling could not

reach 9/10. It shows that there is an inconsistency in peeling. There could possibly be a

factor that the researchers failed to identify. But nonetheless there is an increase in the

peeling side of things although it did not reach the level that the researchers were

desperately trying to work on.

42
 The boiling time for both chicken egg and quail egg plays a factor on the peeling
effectiveness of the machine. Thus the researchers determined the ideal boiling time for
both chicken and quail.

Hard Boiled Eggs Time Chart :

Cook Time Result

3 minutes Very runny soft boiled eggs

4 minutes Runny soft boiled eggs

5 minutes Very gooey medium boiled eggs

6 minutes Gooey medium boiled eggs

7 minutes Just set medium boiled eggs

8 minutes Medium-hard boiled eggs

9 minutes Very creamy hard boiled eggs

10 minutes Creamy hard boiled eggs

13 minutes Firm hard boiled eggs

15 minutes Very firm hard boiled eggs

17 minutes Yolk starts to be overcooked

20 minutes Yolk is overcooked

Based on the chart above, the ideal boiling time would be 15 minutes. This is

where the hard boiled egg is very firm but yet the yolk inside is not overcooked. An easy

way to determine that the egg is overcooked is by looking at the yolk. If the color is

yellow but darker, then the egg is overcooked. Then the quail egg we boiled the quail

1
egg for 5 minutes based on the research done on an article in the internet. Note that the

chicken size used in this experiment is small.

An important thing to point out is that there is an ideal angle of the peeler roller in

order for the peeling to be effective. Based on testing we found out that:

 The angle of the peeler for the chicken egg is 25 degrees for small

 The angle of the peeler for medium sized chicken is 22 degrees for medium

 The angle of the peeler for the quail is 15 degrees.

Comparison of Manual peeling of the egg by the canteen vendor:

The vendor claims to peel 1000 eggs in a day. The vendor works 8 hours a day.

Thus: 1000 quail eggs/day

The machine peeling time based on gathered data:

ā 60 min 8hour
12 x x 5 ｈ0 quail eggs per day
h翿 hour day

Factoring in the efficiency of 80% then:

800 0.8 ｈ08 eggs per day

2
4.2 Economical Analysis:

Based on our gathered data, there are 10 eggs per minute with 60% peeling efficiency
for chicken egg and 10 eggs per minute also but with 80% efficiency for quail egg. And
with the following prices below:

Market prices:
Chicken egg-------------------------------₱6.50
Quail egg-----------------------------------₱1.50

Selling prices:
Chicken egg-------------------------------₱10.00
Quail egg-----------------------------------₱ 3.00

Total Machine cost:

Machine-------------------------------------₱61,000.00

Let, MC= Machine Cost

AI= Annual income
AE= Annual expenses

Solving for AI:

Cash inflows (income)

For chicken egg:

ā ｈ0h 翿 ݈Rā Q ݁ā 8 ā
0.6(10 ) ₱ 0 ₱ ,0 ,ｈ00
h翿 ݈R Q ݁ ݁R

For quail egg:

ā ｈ0h 翿 ݈Rā Q ݁ā 8 ā
0.8(10 h翿
) ݈R Q ݁ ݁R
₱ = ₱829,440
Thus,
AI = ₱2,073,600 + ₱829,440 = ₱2,903,040

Cash outflows (expenses)

Chicken egg:
ā ｈ0h 翿ā ݈Rā Q ݁ā 8 ā
0 ₱ｈ.5 ₱ , ｈ, 00
h翿 ݈R Q ݁ ݁R

Quail egg:
ā ｈ0h 翿ā ݈Rā Q ݁ā 8 ā
0 ₱ .5 ₱5 8, 00
h翿 ݈R Q ݁ ݁R

1
Electricity:
݈Rā ₱ 0 Q ݁ā 8 ā
0. 6, ₱ , .
Q ݁ 6, ݈R ݁R

LPG gas:
翿 ā ₱800
₱ , 00
݁R 翿

Maintenance cost:
₱20,000 in one year

Thus,
AE = ₱2,246,400 + ₱518,400 + ₱2,131.2 + ₱2,400 + ₱20,000
AE = ₱2,789,331.2

Then, solving for the payback period:

h
݁i R hQ ‫ܫ‬

₱ｈ ,000
₱ , 0 ,0 0 , 8 , .

݁i R hQ 0.5 ｈ ݁R ｈ. hhā

2
 Chapter 5

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEDATIONS

5.1 Conclusion

The main concept of this project is to peel hard boiled chicken and quail eggs

simultaneously and in relatively fast rate. The Egg peeling machine was designed using

stainless steel and other food grade materials which is suitable for food subjected

equipment. The machine was not able to achieve 100% efficiency but the end product

still has a solid peeling effectiveness. Along the way of making and designing the

project the researchers realized and learned engineering concepts through the

experience gathered in conducting this research.

The researchers have analyzed the reasons that affects the machine’s efficiency

and we concluded the following: the rpm of the peeler rollers, the water system, the

angle of the peeler rollers based on the size of the egg, the material used for the peeler

rollers, the proper boiling time of the egg to prevent overcooking, the age of the egg for

easy peeling, the technique in boiling the egg to weaken the sticky membrane that

wraps the inside of the egg and the degree of pre-cracking. Lots of trails were made and

the researchers did the best they could to optimize these factors to create a successful

Egg Peeling Machine. That being said the machine still can be improved for future

studies of this machine.

3
5.2 Recommendation

The machine is made to reduce human effort and complete the job efficiently.

The machine is capable of peeling both chicken and quail eggs simultaneously.

However the machine still has room for improvements. One of which is to have an egg

cracker system which utilizes a vibrating mechanism. By doing so, egg peeling process

will be even more easier than before. Also, extending longer rollers for eggs to have

longer contact to the rollers and longer time to peel. The researchers also recommends

restudying of the power transmission of the machine. It’s possible there would be a

more efficient power distribution. Exploring other revolutions for the rubber tube peeler

could also be taken in to future considerations when this research would get reinstated.

An improvements to the cover and side frames could also be done. An easier mounting

to the cover would make the machine much more easier to be maintenance. For the

machine frame members, instead of stainless steel 304 square tube, a non-food grade

square tube can be used to reduced the cost significantly.

4
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS:

[1] Khurmi, J.G. (2005). A TEXTBOOK OF MACHINE DESIGN, New Delhi, United

Sates of America: Eurasia Publishing House.

[2] Faires V. (1965) DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS 4th Edition, New York, US:

The MacMillan Company.

ELECTRONIC SOURCES:

[2] https://www.bbcgoodfood.com (2019, Jan 18) Retrieved from

https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/ingredient-focus-eggs

[3] https://www.egg-machine.com/ (2019 , Jan 19) Retrieved from

https://www.egg-machine.com/product/egg-peeling-machine.htm

[4] https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/ (2019, Jan 19) Retrieved from

https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/benefits-of-quail-eggs.php

[5] https://www.simplyrecipes.com/ ( 2019, Jan 20) Retrieved from

https://www.simplyrecipes.com/recipes/how_to_make_perfect_hard_boiled_eggs/

5
 Appendix A

PATENT SEARCH REPORT

Title: Fabrication of Egg Peeling Machine

Date: August 22, 2019
Abstract
The study aims to fabricate a machine that can peel both chicken and quail
eggs. To designed this machine to be able to simultaneously peel both chicken
and quail eggs for mass peeling. The machine is made to reduce human effort
and complete the job efficiently. This operation requires less skill from a
worker. Eggs contain proteins, when those proteins are subjected to heating, a
process called coagulation occurs. This essentially means that the proteins turn
from liquid to solid, making the egg much more ideal to consume. But the
process also makes boiled eggs significantly difficult to peel since proteins are
very sticky. When the egg white cooks, it can bind to the shells thus when you
peel a hardboiled egg sometimes it causes scuffing where a portion of the
cooked egg white also gets unintentionally removed. The aims to design this
machine to be able to efficiently peel the eggs without scuffing the egg. The
machine contains an ac motor that powers the conveyor which is responsible
for delivering the eggs from the egg reservoir to the counter rotating shaft.
The counter rotating shaft is inserted to a rubber tube. The rubber tube peels
the eggs due to friction. The egg shells are collected at the bottom for easy
disposal. Then a coiled roller pushes the egg in to the funnel where the eggs
falls in a storage.
International Patent Classification
A47G 19/28
Keywords:
egg, peeling, strip, decorticator, automatic, machine

Database Search String Number of Hits

egg AND peeling AND strip AND

Google Patents 4
decorticator AND automatic
egg AND peeling AND strip AND
Google Patents decorticator AND automatic AND 4
machine

6
DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO BE RELEVANT
Category* Citation of Documents, with indication, Relevant to
where appropriate, of the relevant Claim No.
pages
A CN10636059A – A processing method of hemp
bamboo shoots
The document is cited as an “A” for the most of its
claims are not the same application and different
within the process of fabrication.
Y CN107183770B – A kind of spiced egg machine for
automatic working device.
The document is cited as an “Y” document for its
purpose is on the egg processing.
CN2536053Y – Beel and knock agencies use
X automatic stripping machine shell of the institution.
The document is cited as an “X” for its claims are the
same in application and same with in the process of
stripping the egg shells.
CN2877318Y – Stripping lever and eggs cooked egg
X using an automatic egg sheller the stripping lever.
The document is cited as an “X” for the most of its
claims are the same in application and same within
the process of peeling eggs.
* Special Categories of Cited Documents:
“A” document defining the general state of the art which is not considered to be of particular
relevance
“E” earlier document but published on or after the international filling date
“L” document which may throw doubts on priority claim(s) or which is cited to establish the
publication date of another citation or other special reason (as specified)
“O” document referring to an oral disclosure, use, exhibition or other means
“P” document published prior to the international filing date but later than the priority date claimed
“T” later document published after the international filing date or priority and not in conflict with the
application but cited to understand the principle of theory underlying the invention
“X” document of particular relevance; the claimed invention cannot be considered novel or cannot
be considered to involve an inventive step when the document is taken alone
“Y” document of particular relevance; the claimed invention cannot be considered to involve an
inventive step when the document is combined with one or more other such documents, such
combination being obvious to a person skilled in the art
“&” document member of the same patent family
Note: Further references not indicated in this search report may be cited during substantive
examination

CERTIFICATION
Search Reviewed by:

ENGR. EDWIN R. TORILLO, PME

ITSO HEAD
Search Conducted by:
Bacon, Alexel
Bustamante, Carl Albert Venson
Mier, Jaspher
Ragusta, Ariel
Paquibo, Hardon Garth
Wong, Aldrich Jeremy

7
 Appendix B

COST ANALYSIS / BILL OF MATERIALS

ITEM SUB-
DESCRIPTION SUPPLIER PRICE QTY UNIT
NUMBER TOTAL

1 Stainless Steel Plate Showbox ₱3,000.00 ₱3,000.00

Motor w/ Gear
₱7,300.00 1 pc ₱7,300.00
2 Reducer Cathay Hardware
3 Sprocket 40x23T Hotong Hardware ₱350.00 16 pc ₱5,600.00
Far Eastern Drug
₱65.00 10 ft ₱650.00
4 Latex Rubber Inc.
5 Sprocket 40x11T Hotong Hardware ₱190.00 2 pc ₱380.00
304 Stainless Steel
₱415.00 8 ft ₱3,320.00
6 Tube Stainless Steel
7 Eng'g Plastic 3" Hotong Hardware ₱3,033.00 1 pc ₱3,033.00
8 Eng'g Plastic 2" Hotong Hardware ₱1,600.00 1 pc ₱1,600.00
9 Bolts & Nuts ₱400.00 ₱400.00
10 Bevel Gear ₱2,250.00 2 pc ₱4,500.00
11 Sprocket 40x35T Yale Hardware ₱725.00 1 pc ₱725.00
12 Pillow Block Hotong Hardware ₱150.00 16 pc ₱2,400.00
13 Wheel KIT ₱72.00 4 pc ₱288.00
14 Aluminum Foil Hitech Hardware ₱195.00 1 pc ₱195.00
15 Sealant Hotong Hardware ₱150.00 1 pc ₱150.00
CDM
₱8.50 10 ft ₱85.00
16 PVC Pipe Construction
CDM
₱12.00 3 pc ₱36.00
17 Elbow Construction
R-Bekh
₱70.00 1 pc ₱70.00
18 Coupling Hose Enterprises
R-Bekh
₱27.00 5 m ₱135.00
19 Garden Hose Enterprises
CDM
₱10.00 2 pc ₱20.00
20 Cap Construction
CDM
₱110.00 1 pc ₱110.00
21 Solvent Construction
CDM
₱65.00 1 pc ₱65.00
22 Ball Valve Construction
CDM
₱15.00 1 pc ₱15.00
23 Tee Construction
Belmont
₱25.00 4 m ₱100.00
24 1/2" Rubber Hose Hardware
25 Angle Bar Hotong Hardware ₱1500.00 ₱1500.00

8
26 Chain Lock Hotong Hardware ₱8.00 38 pc ₱304.00
27 CR Shafting Hotong Hardware ₱65.00 15 ft ₱975.00
Stainless Shafting
₱42.00 12 ft ₱504.00
28 5/16" Hotong Hardware
29 Engine Coupling Hotong Hardware ₱500.00 1 pc ₱500.00
30 Offset Link Hotong Hardware ₱28.00 12 pc ₱336.00
31 Washer 3/8 x 1" Hotong Hardware ₱40.00 1 pack ₱40.00
32 Heavy Duty Plug Hitech Hardware ₱28.00 1 pc ₱28.00
33 Power On Hitech Hardware ₱260.00 1 pc ₱260.00
34 Wiring Hitech Hardware ₱17.50 6 m ₱105.00
HardwareHaus
₱1,680.00 1 ft ₱1,680.00
35 Brass Flat Bar Cebu
16T Free Wheel
₱75.00 2 pc ₱150.00
36 Sprocket J & R Cycle
37 H – Sprocket J & R Cycle ₱100.00 1 pc ₱100.00
38 40 – IR Roller Chain Hotong Hardware ₱640.00 4 roll ₱2,560.00
39 Tensioner J & R Cycle ₱185.00 1 pc ₱185.00
40 Chain bike J & R Cycle ₱150.00 4 set ₱600.00
41 Aluminum plate Showbox ₱2500.00 ₱2500.00
Carcar, Cebu
₱15000.00 ₱15000.00
42 Fabrication City
TOTAL ₱61504.00

9
 Appendix C

GANTT CHART

Jun October
July August September
e
Activities W W W W W W W W W W W W W W
Wk Wk
k k k k k k k k k k k k1 k2 k3
4 2
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 3 4
Fabricator Plan
Canvassing Actual
Material Plan
Canvassing Actual
Purchasing of Plan
Materials Actual
Initial Plan
Prototyping and
Testing Actual
Plan
Frame
Actual
Project Plan
Assembly Actual
Project Plan
Adjustments Actual
Finalizing for Plan
Defense Actual
Plan
Thesis Defense
Actual

10
11
 Research Time Table

Number of Preceding
Element Activity
Days Activity
A Conceptualization and Brainstorming 5 -
B Gathering of Data 3 A
C Composing of Idea 1 B
Proposing the composed idea to our
D 1 C
instructor
E Making PowerPoint for project overview 1 D
F Title Defense 1 E
G Making of Chapter 1: Introduction 5 F
Making of Chapter 2: Theoretical
H 8 G
Background
Making of Chapter 3: Research
I 13 H
Methodology
J Submission of composed papers 1 I
K Waiting for instructor’s feedback 3 J
L Consultation to the advisor 1 K
M Revising papers for final defense 4 L
N Final defense 1 M
O Finalizing manuscript 1 N
P Completion of INC Days 3 O
Group meeting regarding to Machine
AA 2 -
Fabrication
BB Canvassing of fabricator 5 AA
CC Canvassing of materials 8 AA
Finalizing the CAD design for the
DD 7 BB
fabricator’s guide
EE Making of prototype for initial testing 2 DD
FF Fabrication Process 21 BB
GG Partial Testing using prototype 1 EE
HH Fabricator Visit 3 FF
II Partial Testing of the machine 1 HH
Machine Relocation (Fabricator to
JJ 1 II
School)
Machine Demonstration with the
KK 1 JJ
instructors
Machine Relocation (School to
AAA 1 -
Fabricator)
BBB Fabricator Visit 8 AAA
CCC Adjustments on the machine 8 BBB
DDD Testing of the machine 4 CCC
EEE Finalizing Chapters 1, 2 & 3 3 DDD
FFF Project Consultation 2 EEE

12
GGG Updating of Charts 3 FFF
HHH Fabricator Visit 5 GGG
Brainstorming for the machine’s
III 1 GGG
adjustments
Adjustments on the machine based on
JJJ 2 III
the idea gathered
KKK Machine Testing & Data Gathering 1 JJJ
LLL Making Chapter 4 & 5 3 KKK
MMM Submission of thesis papers 1 LLL
NNN Final thesis defense MMM
OOO Revisions NNN
PPP Paper signing OOO
QQQ Book binding PPP
Total Number of Days

13
 Appendix D

CURRICULUM VITAE

Alexel Bacon

KapataganPerrelosCarcar, Cebu City

Contact No.: 09275506032

E-mail Address: alexelbacon@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Nickname: Alex Age: 21 years old

Date of Birth: March 12, 1998 Religion: Roman Catholic

Place of Birth: Cebu City Civil Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino Mother: Eloida Bacon

Father: Edsel Bacon

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Tertiary Level: Bachelor of Science 2015- 2018 - Present

in Mechanical Engineering

Cebu Institute of Technology – University

N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City

Secondary Level: Saint Catherine’s College 2011-2015

Carcar City Cebu

Primary Level: Perrelos Elementary School 2005-2011

PerrelosCarcar City Cebu

14
SKILLS:

 Proficient in using the Microsoft Applications (Word,Excel,Powerpoint)

 Good Written and Verbal Communication Skills

 Adept in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing

(CAD/CAM).

 Capable of utilizing various machine operations such as lathe machine,

milling machine, drilling machine and etc.

 Versatile and can work under pressure.

15
Carl Venson C. Bustamante

B.Rodriguez Ext. Cebu City

Contact No.: 09457011906

E-mail Address: bustamante23@yahoo.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Nickname: Venson Age: 21 years old

Date of Birth: December 20, 1998 Religion: Born Again Christian

Place of Birth: Cebu City Civil Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino Mother: Estela C. Bustamante

Father: Gary A. Bustamante

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Tertiary Level: Bachelor of Science in 2015-2018 - Present

Mechanical Engineering

Cebu Institute of Technology – University

N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City

Secondary Level: Abellana National School 2011-2015

Osmena Blvd, Cebu City

Primary Level: City Central School 2005-2011

Cebu City

16
SKILLS:

 Has thorough knowledge in using AutoCAD

 Can work under pressure

 Knows how to handle machines in the machine shop

 Has the ability to manage, organize, and resolve problems

17
Jasper Clark G. Mier

Bug-ot Argao, Cebu City

09750659041

jaspermier98@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Age : 21 years old Birth date : October 8, 1998

Sex : Male Birth place : Argao, Cebu City

Civil Status : Single Religion : Roman Catholic

Father : Jovencio A. Mier Mother : Celsa G. Mier

EDUCATION

Tertiary Level:

Cebu Institute of Technology University 2015-Present

N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering

Secondary Level:

Saint Michael School of Argap 2011-2015

Argao, Cebu City

Primary Level:

Tulic Elementary School 2005-2011

Argao, Cebu City

18
CAPABILITIES AND SKILLS

 Computer Literature

 Knowledgeable on how to operate Drilling, Lathe and Milling machine

 Capable in Computer – Aided Design or AutoCAD

 Knowledgeable on the basics of Computer Numerical (CNC) Programming

19
Hardon Garth M. Paquibo

468 IP San Jorge Village Guadalupe, Cebu City

Contact No.: 09568764287

E-mail Address: hardonpaquibo@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Nickname: Don Age: 21 years old

Date of Birth: December 28, 1998 Religion: Jehova’s Witnesses

Place of Birth: Cebu City Civil Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino Mother: Rebecca M. Paquibo

Father: Edgar C. Paquibo

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Tertiary Level: Bachelor of Science in 2015- 2018 - Present

Mechanical Engineering

Cebu Institute of Technology – University

N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City

Secondary Level: University of Cebu 2011-2015

Sanciangko St, Cebu City

Primary Level: Banawa Elementary School 2005-2011

Banawa, Guadalupe, Cebu City

20
SKILLS:

 Knowledgeable on how to operate Drilling, Lathe and Milling machine

 Capable in Computer – Aided Design or AutoCAD

 Knowledgeable on the basics of Computer Numerical (CNC) Programming

 Basic knowledge in Microsoft Office including Excel and Powerpoint

21
Ariel A. Ragusta

254 – A San Roque Mambaling Cebu City

09391267076

ayeragusta8@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Age : 20 years old Birth date : March 8, 1999

Sex : Male Birth place : Cebu City

Civil Status : Single Religion : Roman Catholic

Father : Ireneo O. Ragusta Mother : Wilma A. Ragusta

EDUCATION

Tertiary Level:

Cebu Institute of Technology University 2015-Present

N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering

Secondary Level:

Cebu Institute of Technology University 2011 - 2015

N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City

Primary Level:

Mambaling Elementary School 2005 - 2011

Mamabaling Cebu City

22
CAPABILITIES AND SKILLS

 Knowledgeable on the basics of Computer Numerical Control (CNC)

programming

 Basic Knowledge in Workshop Operations

23
Aldrich Jeremy L. Wong

Raphael Homes, Talisay City, Cebu

09054900630

jeremy.wong2031@yahoo.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Age : 21 years old Birth date : August 31, 1998

Sex : Male Birth place : Cebu City

Civil Status : Single Religion : Roman Catholic

Father : Allen D. Wong Mother : Lilian L. Wong

EDUCATION

Tertiary Level:

Cebu Institute of Technology University 2015-Present

N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering

Secondary Level:

Talisay Malayan Academy 2011 - 2015

Talisay City, Cebu

Primary Level:

24
Talisay City Central School 2005 - 2011

Talisay City, Cebu

CAPABILITIES AND SKILLS

 Has basic knowledge of Microsoft Word and Power Point.

 Capable in Computer – Aided Design or AutoCAD.

 Has basic knowledge of Computer Numerical (CNC) Programming.

 Efficient in multitasking.

 Computer literated.

25
REMARKS:

1. Why the boiling becomes a factor?

2. Why 15 minutes to boil the chicken egg?
3. What do we expect to see or prove?
4. Rate of peeling manually by the canteen vendor?
5. How do we know that the egg is overcooked?
6. Ideal set time for boiling an egg?
7. Sizes of the eggs that can be peeled?
8. How to determine if the egg peeled as acceptable?

26