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1 𝜋𝜋
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = � (2 + 2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐)2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 0
𝜋𝜋
= � 2 + 4𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 2 cos 2 𝜃𝜃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0
𝜋𝜋
= � 3 + 4𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2𝜃𝜃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 (𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓)
0
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2𝜃𝜃 𝜋𝜋
= �3𝜃𝜃 + 4𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + � = 3𝜋𝜋
2 0
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2𝜃𝜃 𝜋𝜋
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = �3𝜃𝜃 + 4𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + �
2 0
𝜋𝜋
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2 � �
= 3 � � + 4𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 � � + 5 = 4.712
5 5 2
(ii) 𝑆𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜.
𝑟𝑟 = 𝑎𝑎(1 + 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐)
𝑥𝑥
�𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 = 𝑎𝑎 �1 + �
�𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2
𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 = 𝑎𝑎 �𝑥𝑥 + �𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 �
𝑎𝑎2
= �4𝜋𝜋 + 9√3�
16
1
𝜋𝜋
3
= 𝑎𝑎 � √2 + 2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0
1
4𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 3𝜋𝜋
= 𝑎𝑎 � � = 2𝑎𝑎
2 0
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 + 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝜃𝜃 = 2
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 2
𝜋𝜋
= �𝑒𝑒 2𝜃𝜃 �𝜋𝜋2
6
𝜋𝜋
= 𝑒𝑒 𝜋𝜋 − 𝑒𝑒 3 = 20.3
𝜋𝜋
2
= 2√2 � 𝑒𝑒 𝜃𝜃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝜋𝜋
6
𝜋𝜋
= 2√2�𝑒𝑒 𝜃𝜃 �𝜋𝜋2
6
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
= 2√2 �𝑒𝑒 2 − 𝑒𝑒 6 � = 8.83
𝑟𝑟 2 = 2𝜃𝜃
1
𝑥𝑥 = √2𝜃𝜃 2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑 1 1 1 1
�√2𝜃𝜃 2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 � = √2 �−𝜃𝜃 2 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝜃𝜃 −2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐� = 0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
1 1 1
−𝜃𝜃 2 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝜃𝜃 −2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 0
2
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 2𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃
2𝜃𝜃 tan 𝜃𝜃 = 1
2𝜃𝜃 = 𝜃𝜃 sec 2 𝜃𝜃
1
𝜃𝜃 2 �sec 𝜃𝜃 − √2� = 0
1
𝜃𝜃 = 𝜋𝜋
4
(iii) 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆ℎ 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔ℎ.
1 𝜋𝜋/4 1 𝜋𝜋/4
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = � 2𝜃𝜃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − � 𝜃𝜃 sec 2 𝜃𝜃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 0 2 0
𝜋𝜋
1 4
= � 𝜃𝜃(2 − sec 2 𝜃𝜃) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 0
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
1 1
= [𝜃𝜃(2𝜃𝜃 − tan 𝜃𝜃)]04 − [𝜃𝜃 2 ln cos 𝜃𝜃]04
2 2
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋 1 𝜋𝜋 2 1
= � − 1� − �� � + ln 2�
8 2 2 4 2
1 𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
= ln 2 + � − 1�
4 8 4
𝑥𝑥 = 𝜃𝜃 cos2 𝜃𝜃
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= −2𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃𝜃 = 0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃 − 1 = 0
𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃 = 𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃
𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = 1
1 1
� 𝜋𝜋√2, 𝜋𝜋�
8 4
(iii) 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆ℎ.
(iv) 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎.
1
1 4𝜋𝜋 2
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = � 𝜃𝜃 (cos2 𝜃𝜃 − sin2 𝜃𝜃) 𝑑𝑑𝜃𝜃
2 0
1
1 4𝜋𝜋
= � 𝜃𝜃 2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2𝜃𝜃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 0
1 1
1 1 4𝜋𝜋 4
𝜋𝜋
= �� 𝜃𝜃 2 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2𝜃𝜃� − � 𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃2𝜃𝜃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 �
2 2 0 0
1
1 1 4𝜋𝜋
= �𝜃𝜃 2 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2𝜃𝜃 + 𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃2𝜃𝜃 − 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2𝜃𝜃�
4 2 0
1 2 1
= 𝜋𝜋 −
64 8
𝜋𝜋
1 4
= � 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐4𝜃𝜃 + 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
4 −𝜋𝜋
4
𝜋𝜋
1 1 4 𝜋𝜋
= � 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠4𝜃𝜃 + 𝜃𝜃� 𝜋𝜋 = = 0.393
4 4 − 8
4
𝑟𝑟 = cos2 𝜃𝜃 − sin2 𝜃𝜃
3
(𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 )2 = 𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑦 2
(i) 𝑆𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜.
1
1 3 9 6 √3
= 2𝜋𝜋 � 𝑡𝑡 2 + 𝑡𝑡 4 − 𝑡𝑡 �
2 2 2 0
𝜋𝜋
=
3
(iv) 𝑆𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜.
𝑦𝑦
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑡𝑡 =
𝑥𝑥
3𝑦𝑦 2
𝑥𝑥 = 1 −
𝑥𝑥 2
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 1 − 3 tan2 𝜃𝜃
(v) 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴.
𝜋𝜋
1 6
𝐴𝐴 = � sec 2 𝜃𝜃 (1 − 6 tan2 𝜃𝜃 + 9 tan4 𝜃𝜃) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 0
𝜋𝜋
1 9 6
= �𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 − 2 tan3 𝜃𝜃 + tan5 𝜃𝜃�
2 5 0
4
= √3
45
9 𝐴𝐴 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑟𝑟 = 𝑎𝑎.
𝜋𝜋 3𝜋𝜋
�𝑎𝑎, � & (𝑎𝑎, )
2 2
𝜋𝜋
2
1
= 𝜋𝜋𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑎2 �(1 − 2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + cos 2 𝜃𝜃)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2
0
𝜋𝜋
2
1 3 1
= 𝜋𝜋𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑎2 � � − 2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2𝜃𝜃� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 2 2
0
𝜋𝜋
1 3𝜃𝜃 1 2
= 𝜋𝜋𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑎2 � − 2𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2𝜃𝜃�
2 2 4 0
1 3 5
= 𝜋𝜋𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑎2 � 𝜋𝜋 − 2� = � 𝜋𝜋 − 2� 𝑎𝑎2
2 4 4
𝑟𝑟 2 = 8𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2𝜃𝜃
4
𝑟𝑟 2 =
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 4
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 4
1
𝜋𝜋
= [2𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙]31
𝜋𝜋
6
= 2𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙3𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙9
11(i) 𝑆𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜.
𝑟𝑟 = 2𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃2𝜃𝜃
𝑟𝑟 = 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠4𝜃𝜃
(ii) 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆ℎ.
1
𝜃𝜃 = 𝜋𝜋
8
(iii) 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴.
1
1 4𝜋𝜋
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = � sin2 4𝜃𝜃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 0
1
1 4𝜋𝜋
= � 1 − 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐8𝜃𝜃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
4 0
1
1 1 𝜋𝜋
4
= �𝜃𝜃 − 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠8𝜃𝜃�
4 8 0
1
= 𝜋𝜋
16
𝜃𝜃 = −0.369
𝑥𝑥 = 0.93
12(i) 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.
1 1
sin � 𝜃𝜃� =
2 2
1
𝜃𝜃 = − 𝜋𝜋
3
(ii) 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆ℎ.
1 √3
= 𝜋𝜋 + −1
12 2
3
= 𝑎𝑎2 � 𝜋𝜋 + 2�
4
(iii) 𝑆𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜.
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
� � = 𝑎𝑎2 (1 − 2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + cos2 𝜃𝜃 + sin2 𝜃𝜃)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1
= 2𝑎𝑎2 ∗ 2 sin2 𝜃𝜃
2
1
= 4𝑎𝑎2 sin2 𝜃𝜃
2
1 𝜋𝜋
= 4𝑎𝑎 �−2 cos 𝜃𝜃�1
2 𝜋𝜋
2
= 4√2𝑎𝑎
= 57.6
1 1 5 1
𝑦𝑦 = 5 cos 2 𝜃𝜃 sin2 𝜃𝜃 = sin2 2𝜃𝜃
√2
𝜃𝜃 = 0.01
𝑦𝑦 = 0.5
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 5 1
= sin−2 2𝜃𝜃 = 0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 √2
5√2
𝑦𝑦 = = 3.54
2
𝑎𝑎2 𝜋𝜋
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = � 1 + 2𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + sin2 𝜃𝜃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 −𝜋𝜋
𝑎𝑎2 𝜋𝜋 1 1
= � 1 + 2𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + − 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2𝜃𝜃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 −𝜋𝜋 2 2
𝜋𝜋
𝑎𝑎2 3𝜃𝜃 1 3𝜋𝜋𝑎𝑎2
= � − 2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 − 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2𝜃𝜃� =
2 2 4 −𝜋𝜋 2
(iii) 𝑆𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜.
𝜋𝜋
2
𝑆𝑆 = � �𝑎𝑎2 (1 + 2𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝑎𝑎2 sin2 𝜃𝜃) + 𝑎𝑎2 cos 2 𝜃𝜃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝜋𝜋
−2
1
𝜋𝜋
2
= √2𝑎𝑎 � √1 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1
−2𝜋𝜋
(iv) 𝑆𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜.
𝑢𝑢 = 1 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= �1 − (𝑢𝑢 − 1)2
= �2𝑢𝑢 − 𝑢𝑢2
2
1
𝑆𝑆 = √2𝑎𝑎 � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0 √2 − 𝑢𝑢
1 2
= √2𝑎𝑎 �−2(2 − 𝑢𝑢)2 �
0
= 4𝑎𝑎
2
𝑎𝑎2 3𝜋𝜋
= � 1 + 2𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + sin2 𝜃𝜃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 1𝜋𝜋
3
2
𝑎𝑎2 3 1 3𝜋𝜋
= � 𝜃𝜃 − 2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 − 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2𝜃𝜃�1
2 2 4 𝜋𝜋
3
1 1
= 𝑎𝑎2 � 𝜋𝜋 + 1 + √3�
4 8
1 2𝜋𝜋
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = � 4(1 + 2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + cos2 𝜃𝜃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 0
2𝜋𝜋
= � 3 + 4𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2𝜃𝜃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2𝜃𝜃 2𝜋𝜋
= �3𝜃𝜃 + 4𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + �
2 0
= 6𝜋𝜋
18 𝑇𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝐶𝐶1 ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑟 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑟𝑟 2 = 2𝜃𝜃.
𝑟𝑟 2 = 2𝜃𝜃
1
𝑥𝑥 = √2𝜃𝜃 2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑 1 1 1 1
�√2𝜃𝜃 2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 � = √2 �−𝜃𝜃 2 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝜃𝜃 −2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐� = 0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
1 1 1
−𝜃𝜃 2 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝜃𝜃 −2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 0
2
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 2𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃
2𝜃𝜃 tan 𝜃𝜃 = 1
2𝜃𝜃 = 𝜃𝜃 sec 2 𝜃𝜃
1
𝜃𝜃 2 �sec 𝜃𝜃 − √2� = 0
1
𝜃𝜃 = 𝜋𝜋
4
1 𝜋𝜋/4 1 𝜋𝜋/4
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = � 2𝜃𝜃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − � 𝜃𝜃 sec 2 𝜃𝜃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 0 2 0
𝜋𝜋
1 4
= � 𝜃𝜃(2 − sec 2 𝜃𝜃) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 0
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
1 1
= [𝜃𝜃(2𝜃𝜃 − tan 𝜃𝜃)]04 − [𝜃𝜃 2 ln cos 𝜃𝜃]04
2 2
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋 1 𝜋𝜋 2 1
= � − 1� − �� � + ln 2�
8 2 2 4 2
1 𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
= ln 2 + � − 1�
4 8 4
1
𝜋𝜋
1 4
= 𝑎𝑎2 � sec 2 𝜃𝜃 − 1𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 0
1
1 𝜋𝜋
= 𝑎𝑎2 [𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 − 𝜃𝜃]40
2
1 1
= 𝑎𝑎2 �1 − 𝜋𝜋�
2 4
𝑥𝑥 2 (𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 ) = 𝑎𝑎2 𝑦𝑦 2
𝑦𝑦 2 (𝑎𝑎2 − 𝑥𝑥 2 ) = 𝑥𝑥 2
𝑥𝑥 2
𝑦𝑦 =
√𝑎𝑎2 − 𝑥𝑥 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(acos 𝜋𝜋)(asin 𝜋𝜋) − 𝑎𝑎2 �1 − 𝜋𝜋� = 𝑎𝑎2 ( 𝜋𝜋 − 1)
2 4 4 2 4 4 2
1 𝜋𝜋 2
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = � ln (1 + 𝜋𝜋 − 𝜃𝜃)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 0
1 1+𝜋𝜋
= � ln2 𝑢𝑢 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 1
1+𝜋𝜋 1+𝜋𝜋
1
= � 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑛𝑛2 𝑢𝑢� − � ln 𝑢𝑢 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 1 1
1+𝜋𝜋
1
= � 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑛𝑛2 𝑢𝑢 − 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 + 𝑢𝑢�
2 1
1
= (1 + 𝜋𝜋) ln2 (1 + 𝜋𝜋) − (1 + 𝜋𝜋) ln(1 + 𝜋𝜋) + 𝜋𝜋
2
1
= (1 + 𝜋𝜋) ln(1 + 𝜋𝜋) (ln(1 + 𝜋𝜋) − 2) + 𝜋𝜋
2
(iii) 𝑆𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜.
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= ln(1 + 𝜋𝜋 − 𝜃𝜃) ln(1 + 𝜋𝜋 − 𝜃𝜃) − 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑