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(Differential Equations)
1. Determine the order and degree of each of the following differential equations:
1 𝑑𝑑 2 𝑦𝑦
(i) � �+ 9𝑦𝑦 = −4𝑒𝑒 −𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥 2 𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
(iii) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑎𝑎�1 + � �
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2
𝑑𝑑 2 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3
(iv) � 2 � +� � = 0
𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑 2 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 𝑑𝑑 2 𝑦𝑦
(v) + 3 � � = 𝑥𝑥 2 log � �
𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 2
2
𝑑𝑑2 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 𝑑𝑑2 𝑦𝑦
(𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖) � 2 � + � � = 𝑥𝑥sin � 2 �
𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥
(iv) cos 𝑥𝑥(1 + cos 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − sin 𝑦𝑦(1 + sin 𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0 (𝑦𝑦)𝑥𝑥cos 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 = (𝑥𝑥𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 log 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 )𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥+2𝑦𝑦−1
(vi) =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥+2𝑦𝑦+1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(viii) 𝑦𝑦(1 − 𝑥𝑥 2 ) = 𝑥𝑥(1 + 𝑦𝑦 2 )
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(ix) 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑎𝑎 �𝑦𝑦 2 + 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 �
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(𝑥𝑥) cos−1 � � = 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(xii) = ysin 2𝑥𝑥, given that 𝑦𝑦(0) = 1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3𝑥𝑥+2𝑦𝑦
(i) =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2𝑥𝑥−3𝑦𝑦
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(ii) 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑦𝑦
(iv) 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑥𝑥tan
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(viii) 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑦𝑦(log 𝑦𝑦 − log 𝑥𝑥 + 1)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(ix) 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑥 2 = 0, 𝑦𝑦(1) = 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦 𝜋𝜋
(x) 𝑥𝑥 sin � � + 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑦𝑦sin � � , 𝑦𝑦(1) =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(i) 4 + 8𝑦𝑦 = 5𝑒𝑒 −3𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(ii) 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − 𝑦𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑥 3 = 0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(iii) (1 + 𝑥𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = (𝑥𝑥 2 + 2)(𝑥𝑥 2 + 1)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖)(1 + 𝑥𝑥 2 ) + 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = �𝑥𝑥 2 + 4
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
(𝑣𝑣)(𝑥𝑥 2 − 1) + 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 − 1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣)sin 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦cos 𝑥𝑥 = sin2 𝑥𝑥cos 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦cos 𝑥𝑥
(𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣) =−
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 + sin 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝜋𝜋
(viii) 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥cos 𝑥𝑥 + sin 𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦 � � = 1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝜋𝜋
(ix) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑦𝑦cot 𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥 2 cot 𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦 � 2 � = 0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(𝑥𝑥) + 2𝑦𝑦 = 𝑒𝑒 −2𝑥𝑥 sin 𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦(0) = 0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑦𝑦
(ii) (𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 1) =1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(iii) (1 − 𝑥𝑥 2 ) + 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(𝑣𝑣)(𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 2 ) = 𝑦𝑦; 𝑦𝑦(2) = 1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 4𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 1
(vi) + + (𝑥𝑥 2 +1)3/2 =0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 2 +1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣)�1 + 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 =0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣)(1 + 𝑥𝑥) + 1 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥−𝑦𝑦 ; 𝑥𝑥 ≠ −1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦
(ix) 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥log � � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + �𝑦𝑦 2 − 𝑥𝑥 2 log � �� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0
𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
ANSWERS:
1 (i) 2,1 (ii) 1,1 (iii) 1,2 (iv) 2,2 (𝑣𝑣) undefined, undefined (vi) 2 , undefined
1
2 (i) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 6sin−1 𝑥𝑥 + (cos −1 𝑥𝑥)2 + 𝑐𝑐
2
𝑥𝑥 3
(ii) 𝑒𝑒 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 + 3
+ 𝑐𝑐
𝑥𝑥 2
(iii) log |1 + 𝑦𝑦| = 𝑥𝑥 + 2 + 𝑐𝑐
(𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖)(1 + sin 𝑥𝑥)(1 + cos 𝑦𝑦) = 𝑐𝑐
(v) sin 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 log 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐
4
(vi) 2(𝑦𝑦 − 𝑥𝑥) + log |3𝑥𝑥 + 6𝑦𝑦 − 1| + 𝑐𝑐
3
(𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣)�1 − 𝑥𝑥 2 + �1 − 𝑦𝑦 2 = 𝑐𝑐
(𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣)(1 − 𝑥𝑥 2 )(1 + 𝑦𝑦 2 ) = 𝑐𝑐
(𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖)(𝑥𝑥 + 𝑎𝑎)(1 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎) = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑥𝑥+𝑦𝑦
(x) 𝑦𝑦 = tan � � + 𝑐𝑐
2
(𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥)1 + 𝑥𝑥 2 = 2(1 + 𝑦𝑦 2 )
1
(xii) log |𝑦𝑦| = (1 − cos 2𝑥𝑥)
2
𝜋𝜋 1 1
(xiii) 𝑦𝑦 = tan �4 + − (1 + log 𝑥𝑥)�
2 2
𝑦𝑦
3 (i) 3log (𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 ) = 4tan−1 � � + 𝑐𝑐
𝑥𝑥
(ii) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐(𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦)
𝑥𝑥 3
(iii) − + log 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑐𝑐
3𝑦𝑦 3