NIVEL DE IDIOMA INGLÉS I CLASE 4 TEXTO4

Donald Winnicott

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS HUMANAS

LICENCIATURA EN FONOAUDIOLOGÍA

2021
Autor: Prof. Gladys Gutman
 NIVEL DE IDIOMA INGLÉS I CLASE 4 TEXTO4
Donald Winnicott

TEXTO No. 4 Donald Winnicott

P. 1 Winnicott, Donald, (1896-1971) was a British psychoanalyst, pediatrician, and child

psychiatrist. He worked at the Paddington Green Children's Hospital in London for over 40
NIVEL DE IDIOMA INGLÉS I CLASE 4 TEXTO4 2021

years, beginning in 1923, where he became interested in child psychoanalysis. In this pursuit,
he was influenced greatly by the work of Melanie Klein.

P.2 Winnicott's treatment of psychically disturbed children and their mothers gave him the
experience on which he built his most influential concepts, such as the "holding environment"
so crucial to psychotherapy, and the "transitional object," known to every parent as the
"security blanket." He had a major impact on object relations theory, particularly in his 1951
essay "Transitional Objects and Transitional Phenomena," which focused on familiar,
inanimate objects that children use to stave off anxiety during times of stress.

P.3 He argued that “there is no such thing as a baby”, meaning that without a mother, an
infant cannot exist. Winnicott formulated and developed the idea of the good-enough
mother.

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P.4 The good-enough mother is a mother whose conscious and unconscious physical and
emotional attunement to her baby adapts to her baby appropriately at differing stages of
infancy, thus allowing an optimal environment for the healthy establishment of a separate
being, eventually capable of mature object relations. Winnicott sees the key role of the good-
enough mother as adaptation to the baby, thus giving it a sense of control, subjective
omnipotence and the comfort of being connected with the mother. Furthermore, the mother
can be viewed as a container for the infant's bad objects, as the child projects these into the
mother. This holding environment allows the infant to transition at its own rate to a more
autonomous position.

P. 5 Winnicott sees the micro-interactions between the mother and child as central to the
development of the internal world. After the early stage of connection with the mother and
illusions of omnipotence comes the stage of relative dependence (objective reality) where
children realize their dependence and learn about loss. As the infant develops, the good-
enough mother, unconsciously aware of her infant's increasing ego-integration and capacity
to survive, will gradually fail to be so empathic. She will unconsciously "dose" her failures to
those that can be tolerated, and the infant's developing ego is strengthened, the difference
between "me" and "not-me" clarifies, omnipotence is relinquished, a sense of reality begins to
emerge, mother can be increasingly seen as a separate person, and the capacity for concern
can develop.

P. 6 This way the mother helps the child to develop a healthy sense of independence. Rather
than sudden transition, this letting go comes in small and digestible steps, in which a
transitional object may play a significant part.

The final phase of development, to independence, is never absolute as the child is never
completely isolated. The mother's role is thus first to create illusion that allows early comfort
and then to create disillusion that gradually introduces the child into the social world.
Winnicott recognized that the child needs to realize that the mother is neither good nor bad
nor the product of illusion, but is a separate and independent entity.

Adapted from: Johns, Jennifer. "Winnicott, Donald Woods (1896-1971)." International Dictionary of
Psychoanalysis. 2005.Encyclopedia.com. 12 Jun. 2015 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. accessed 1/30/2012 PROGRAMA DE LENGUA EXTRANJERA

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 ACTIVIDADES: TODAS LAS ACTIVIDADES SE REALIZAN EN EL CUESTIONARIO DEL
CAMPUS. PUEDEN HACERLO PRIMERO EN WORD, SI PREFIEREN Y LUEGO PASARLO. HAY
UN CUESTIONARIO PARA GRAMÁTICA Y OTRO PARA COMPRENSIÓN LECTORA:
PREDICCIÓN: HIPÓTESIS DE LECTURA, PREGUNTAS Y RESUMEN

a) Antes de la lectura: Predicción: Observar los elementos paratextuales, leer el título y el

primer y último párrafo. Marcar keywords en dichos párrafos y utilizarlas para obtener la idea
global y expresarla en castellano. No debe contener más de 80 palabras.

b) Durante la lectura: Leer el texto completo dos veces, buscar las palabras desconocidas y
proveer la información correcta.

i) Nacionalidad: - -
ii) Formación académica: ediatra
iii) Influencia recibida Freud Piaget Klein

c) Después de la lectura:
Verdadero o Falso: Responder si las siguientes afirmaciones son Verdaderas (V) o Falsas
(F).
1. Para D.W. bebé y madre son conceptos independientes V F
2. Para el bebé, la madre contiene sólo los objetos buenos V F
3. El bebé aprende la pérdida en su primera etapa de desarrollo V F
4. El objeto transicional no es importante para el bebé. V F

d) Resumen: escribir 150 palabras aprox (mín. 135 máx 165) en castellano expresado en
palabras propias. Debe contener sólo las ideas principales del texto, sin ideas secundarias.
Revisar luego de finalizado, sintetizar más aún y verificar ortografía y acentuación. Recordar
que NO ES una traducción.

e) Glosario -técnico: Ingresar palabras – frases (más de una palabra) técnicas (de haberlas)
NIVEL DE IDIOMA INGLÉS I CLASE 4 TEXTO4 2021

en el recurso Glosario de la plataforma Moodle. No hacer esta actividad sin haber visto los
videos y leído el apunte de clase.