Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Esmer Student
Inclusion Division Bureau of Learning Delivery Department of
Education."— Presentation transcript:
https://slideplayer.com/slide/11255144/
1 by Dr. Ma. Elsie C. Esmer Student Inclusion Division Bureau of Learning Delivery
Department of Education
2 Definition: the tangible substances and real objects used to help communicate
information necessary for learning Purpose: to help teachers and educators deliver a
message creatively and clearly
3 Definition: Instructional materials are the tools used in educational lessons, which
includes active learning and assessment. Basically, any resource a teacher uses to help him
teach his students is an instructional material. There are many types of instructional
materials, but let's look at some of the most common ones.
4 Traditional resources -include any textbooks and workbooks used in the classroom. For
example, language arts classrooms almost always have literature textbooks, writing
textbooks, and even vocabulary and spelling workbooks. In addition to these, traditional
resources also include any supplemental reading material, like novels or poems outside of
the textbook.
11 Delivery System ◦ Definition: both the physical form and the hardware used to present
materials ◦ Examples of physical form and hardware Slides with projector Videotapes
with VCRs Computer software with computer
16 Factors to be considered ◦ Who produced the item? Was there any input by other
professionals? ◦ Can the item be previewed? ◦ The price must be consistent with its
educational value.
17 Fit your own institution’s policies, procedures and equipment. Build in answers to those
questions asked most frequently by your students. Highlight points considered especially
important by your peers. Reinforce specific oral instructions and clarify difficult concepts.
18 Keep words and sentences short. Use conversational style. Use active voice. Use
second person “you.” Most important information goes first. Do not use all-capital letters.
Use advance organizers. Emphasize key points with end review.
19 Consider: Nature of the audience Literacy level required Linguistic variety available
Brevity and clarity Layout and appearance Opportunity for repetition Concreteness
and familiarity
20 Advantages ◦ Fast way to attract attention, make a point ◦ Flexible ◦ Portable ◦ Reusable ◦
Stimulate interest or ideas in observer ◦ Can change or influence attitudes ◦ Purchasable
and/or can be made
21 Disadvantages ◦ Take up a lot of space ◦ Time-consuming to prepare—often reused,
outdated ◦ May be overused ◦ Unsuitable for large audiences
23 Advantages ◦ Useful when real object is too small, too large, too expensive, unavailable,
or too complex ◦ Allows safe, hands-on practice ◦ More active involvement by the learner
with immediate feedback available ◦ Readily available
24 Disadvantages ◦ May not be suitable for learner with poor abstraction abilities or for
visually impaired ◦ Some models fragile, expensive, bulky, or difficult to transport ◦ Cannot
be observed or manipulated by more than a few learners at a time
28 Advantages ◦ Most effectively used with groups ◦ Especially beneficial with hearing-
impaired, low-literate learners ◦ Excellent media for use in teaching psychomotor skills
29 Disadvantages ◦ Lack of flexibility due to static content of some forms ◦ Some forms
may be expensive ◦ Requires darkened room for some forms ◦ Requires special equipment
for us e
31 Disadvantages ◦ Relies only on sense of hearing ◦ Some forms may be expensive ◦ Lack
of opportunity for interaction between instructor and learner
2 Instructional Methods
In design phase, the most important task is selecting the instructional methodDefinition –
procedure or process used to attain an objective
3 Instructional Methods
ExamplesLecture, Demonstration, Self-study, Computer-Based Training (CBT), or On-The-Job
Training (OJT)Responsibility for SelectionInstructional Developer has overall responsibility or
design team selects most effective, cost-efficient method
4 Instructional Methods
Presentation MethodsLectureDemonstrationExhibitIndirect DiscourseAssigned
ReadingTeaching Interview
5 Instructional Methods
Student Verbal InteractionQuestioningProgrammed QuestioningStudent
QuerySeminarDiscussionKnowledge ApplicationPerformanceCase Study
6 Selection Considerations
Several Factors Should be Considered…ConstraintsGeographical spread of target
audienceAvailability of students and/or instructorsFacility and Equipment
AvailabilityDevelopment time
7 Selection Considerations
Several Factors Should be Considered…Cost-EffectivenessTrained personnel
requirementsContent stabilityAmount of practice required
8 Selection Considerations
Instructional ConsiderationsTask criticalityLearning difficultyInstructional fidelity (degree in
which training should represent actual performance)Interaction level
11 Media Characteristics
Printed Media+ Include common types of materials+ Wide variety of application+ Simple
types are quick to prepareSophisticated types are more expensive- Requires suitable
reading ability