MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila

CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City

Telephone Number: (02) 516-7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)

Review MODULE – RCD Beams: Serviceability Requirements

419.2.3 MODULUS OF RUPTURE OF CONCRETE, 𝒇𝒓

419.2.3.1 Modulus of rupture, fr, for concrete shall be calculated by:
where:
𝑓 = 0.62𝜆 𝑓 (419.2.3.1) 𝐼 = Moment of inertia of cracked section transformed to concrete.
𝐼 = Effective moment of inertia for computation of deflection.
where the value of λ is in accordance with Section 419.2.4 (Lightweight Concrete) 𝐼 = Moment of inertia of gross concrete section about the centroidal axis,
neglecting reinforcement.
419.2.4 Lightweight Concrete 𝑀 = Cracking moment.
419.2.4.1 To account for the properties of lightweight concrete, a modification 𝑀 = Maximum moment in member at stage deflection is computed.
factor λ is used as a multiplier of 𝑓 in all applicable provisions of this Code.
Cracking Moment, Mcr, is calculated by:
419.2.4.2 The value of λ shall be based on the composition of the aggregate in
𝑓𝐼
the concrete mixture in accordance with Table 419.2.4.2 or as permitted in 𝑀 = (424.2.3.5b)
Section 419.2.4.3. 𝑦

Table 419.2.4.2 where:

Modification Factor 𝑦 = Distance from centroidal axis of gross section, neglecting reinforcement.
Concrete λ 424.2.3.6 For continuous one-way slabs and beams, Ie shall be permitted to be
All-lightweight 0.75 taken as the average of values obtained from Eq. 424.2.3.5a for the critical
Lightweight, fine blend 0.75 to 0.85 positive and negative moment sections.
Sand-lightweight 0.85
Sand-lightweight, coarse blend 0.85 to 1.00 424.2.3.7 For prismatic one-way slabs and beams, Ie shall be permitted to be
taken as the value obtained from Eq. 424.2.3.5a at mid-span for simple and
Normal-weight 1.00
continuous spans, and at the support for cantilevers.
419.2.4.3 If the measured average splitting tensile strength of lightweight
concrete, fct, is used to calculate λ, laboratory test shall be conducted in
accordance with ASTM C330M to establish the value of fct and the corresponding 424.2.4 CALCULATION OF TIME-DEPENDENT
value of fcm and λ shall be calculated by: DEFLECTIONS
𝑓 424.2.4.1.1 Unless values from a more comprehensive analysis, additional time-
𝜆= ≤ 1.0 (419.2.4.3) dependent deflection resulting from creep and shrinkage of flexural members
0.56 𝑓 shall be calculated as the product of the immediate deflection caused by the
The concrete mixture tested in order to calculate λ shall be representative of that sustained load and the factor λΔ.
to be used in the Work. 𝜉
𝜆∆ = (424.2.4.1.1)
where: 1 + 50𝜌
𝑓 = measured average compressive strength of concrete, MPa. where:
𝜉 = Time-dependent factor for sustained load
424.2.3 CALCULATION OF IMMEDIATE DEFLECTIONS 𝜆∆ = Multiplier used for additional deflection due to long-term effects
424.2.3.1 Immediate deflections shall be calculated using methods or formulas 424.2.4.1.2 In the equation above, 𝜌′ shall be calculated at mid-span for simple
for elastic deformations, considering effects of cracking and reinforcement on and continuous spans, and at the support for cantilevers.
member stiffness.
𝐴
424.2.3.2 Effect of variation of cross-sectional properties, such as haunches, 𝜌 = at midspan for simple and continuous span
𝑏𝑑
shall be considered when calculating deflections.
𝐴
424.2.3.3 Deflections in two-way slab system shall be calculated taking into 𝜌 = for cantilever
𝑏𝑑
account size and shape of the panel, conditions of support, and nature of
restraints at the panel edges. 424.2.4.1.3 In the equation above, values of the time dependent factor for
sustained load, ξ, shall be in accordance with Table 424.2.4.1.3 (shown below).
424.2.3.4 Modulus of elasticity, Ec, shall be permitted to be calculated in
accordance with section 419.2.2. Table 424.2.4.1.3
Time-Dependent Factor for Sustained Loads
424.2.3.5 For non-prestressed members, effective moment of inertia, Ie, shall be Sustained Load Duration Time-Dependent factor, ξ
calculated by Eq. 424.2.3.5a (show below) unless obtained by a more 3 months 1.0
comprehensive analysis, but Ie shall not be greater than Ig. 6 months 1.2
12 months (1 year) 1.4
𝑀 𝑀
𝐼 ≤𝐼 = 𝐼 + 1− 𝐼 ≤𝐼 (424.2.3.5a) 60 or more months (5 years) 2.0
𝑀 𝑀

Table 424.2.2
Maximum Permissible Calculated Deflections
Deflection
Member Condition Deflection to be Considered
Limitation
Flat roofs Immediate deflection due to maximum of Lr and R l / 180
Not supporting or attached to nonstructural elements likely to be
Floors damaged by large deflections Immediate deflection due to L l / 360
Likely to be damaged by That part of the total deflection occurring after attachment of l / 480
Roof or Supporting or attached to large deflections nonstructural elements, which is the sum of the time-dependent
Floors non-structural elements Not likely to be damaged deflection due to all sustained loads and the immediate deflection
by large deflections due to any additional live load
l / 240

𝜉
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516-7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)
SITUATION 1. A reinforced concrete beam with rectangular cross
section of 300 by 500 mm has f’c = 28 MPa, and fy = 414 MPa.
Applied loads are: Uniform load of 10 kN/m (including self-weight)
and a concentrated load of 12 kN at the middle of the simple span
of length 4m. Assuming the concrete is uncracked,
1. Find the flexural stress of the beam
2. Find the modulus of rupture.
3. Find the cracking moment
SITUATION 2 (Past Board). Precast joists with typical section as
shown are cast using a concrete strength, fc’ = 27.5MPa. The
resulting tensile strength, ft = 2.75 MPa. The joists are to be simply
supported on a span of 6m. Unit weight of concrete = 23.5KN/m3
Given data:
a=200mm c=150mm
b=500mm d=200mm
4. Find the cracking moment, in kN-m.
5. How much uniform load can the joist safely carry (not
including its own weight) if the cracking moment in the beam
is 40 kN-m.
6. If the joists are reinforced with 3-25 mm ø bars with their
centroid located at 435mm from the top determine the
cracking moment (kN-m) use modular ratio, n = 8.
SITUATION 3. A 300mm x 550mm reinforced with 4 – 28mm steel
bars with steel cover of 70mm. Using f’c = 21MPa, fy= 276MPa.
The simple span length is 5 m with uniform load of 20 kN/m (self-
weight included). Use fr = 3.0 MPa and steel cover of 70 mm.
7. Determine the cracked moment of inertia.
8. Determine the effective moment of inertia.
9. Determine the deflection.
SITUATION 4. A doubly reinforced beam b = 400mm, h = 600mm
is used as a simply supported beam. It is reinforced with 5 – 28mm
at the tension side and 3 – 28 mm at the compression side. Use
70mm steel cover.
Given:
f = 20.7 MPa L=8m
fy = 278 MPa wLL = 8 kN/m
𝛾 = 24 kN/m³ DL including self-weight = 7 kN/m
10. Compute the instantaneous deflection.
11. Compute the maximum permissible deflection (Beam is
supporting a floor that is NOT attached to nonstructural
elements likely to be damaged by large deflections).
12. Determine immediate deflection due to Live load and check
the result with the code requirement.
SITUATION 5: A 350mm x 600mm reinforced with 5 – 25 mm steel
bars with steel cover of 70mm. Using f’c = 28MPa, fy= 276MPa.
Unit weight of concrete = 24 kN/m3.
13. Determine the effective moment of inertia of the beam which
carries a superimposed varying deadload of 10kN/m at the
fixed end and 0 at the free end. A concentrated live load of
30kN acting at the tip of the 3m cantilever beam.
14. Determine the immediate deflection of the beam.
15. Determine the long-term deflection if 50% of the live load will
be sustained (1 year).