' , .. - rare d JSCU-"~t :.'U U t:'JO \ ,v.

chlo rine . e t c.
0 ne"
. 10 s.1 S()d ium Chlo ride (C 01 nn1o n Salt ), ( iii ) It is u s ed in freezi n g m i,, ·n ue .
' N;:1CJ ( iv) lt is used fo r the p uri fica t ion of &oap_
(v) It is u ~ed fo r rege ne r ati n g ion excha
nge r esins .
r' I l,.,oJMion .
1~. sea th e main s _ 10.3 .2 Sod ium Car bon :ite (SoJ a .\sh or
water 1s ource ot soct·tum chlo1; de . It
rains 2.7- 2 .9% of NaCl lt al Was hing Sod a), N:1 2 CO 3
con . ch1 . · so occur
Jndia, sodiu m onde is prepa red bv s as salt beds. In
sea
warer. The evapo ration of s ea Water
.
- the evapo ration of
g· ,
[.\ l . , " ,, r .11 ,...
prepa red
chloride which conta ins sodiu m 1 l\es crude sodiu m On comm e rc ia l s c a le, sodiu m carbo nate is
·urn chlori de and magn e . su phate , calciu m sulph ate , onia so<la proce ss. T he p-roce ss
calCJ s1um chl .d . by Solva y proce ss o r Amm
Among these, CaC1 2 and MgCI on e as impur ities . t so d ium hydro gen carbo =tai:.e
is based on the fact tha
•i.ev are deliqu escen t (i.e ..· the Y2 aabre under sirabl e becau se le in ware r in the prese nce of
sorb · (NaH CO 3 ) is sparin gly solub
u,
~ 05 phere ). In order to obtai
n~ois ture from the
ide, the exces s of carbo n dioxi de.
:rude salt is disso lved in min::: :::n.e sodm m c:hlor Principle : When a conce ntrat ed solut ion of
b~ille
satura ted
brain a soluti on Th . amou nt of water to amm onia ~'"ld u~€n
J b fil · ·
e msolu bl e impur ities are (sodi um chlor ide) is satur ated v-.ith
·emove Y tratio n. Now the filt
d with carbo n dioxi de, sodiu m h yd r o ge n carbo nate lS fo:-m ed
. erect soluti on is satur ated
vith hydro gen chlor ide gas. Thi s incre
.d . . th ases th e conce ntrati on as show n below . ·
f chlon e ions m e solut ion and enabl .
. . produ ct
es th e 1omc
+ [Cl' to excee d the solub il. 2NH3 + CO2 + H 2O ---+ (Nrt- ; h C0.3
..Ja ]
1re NaCl
1
gets preci pitate d in th
. e
1
_orm
ii
produ ct of NaCl. Thus,
of crysta ls. Calci um 2NaC l + (NH 4 hCO 3 ~ N a 2 CO 3 - 2 ~ H ..:.c.l
,d magnesium chlor ides rem
=more solub le than sodiu m chlamonde ~ solut ion becau se they Na 2 CO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 0 ---+ 2NaH C0 3
.
] Proi ertie s 7.~~--
Sodiu m h ydrog en carbo nate thus iorme d. is s pari....i.
re..moYe c. '::,,·
(i) Sodiu m chlor ide is a h' solub le in the prese nce of e.xces s o f CO., and is
(ii) It melts at 108l Kan : bit~ cryst alline solid. c~bo nate . ·
011 filtra tion. It is ignite d to get sodi um
(iii) It is solub le in Wat ~ at 1713 K.
g Hea t
per _100 g of wate r::~ ;~ ~s solub ility _i~ 36.0 2NaHCO,., ..)
c o .- E-0
not mcre ase much with . . The solub ility does
incre ase in temp eratu re Details of the process : The schem atic ci_=_2.Q"~:.~
0:: ::.r,.-::
· c<...,a:-~ona:.c. is
Uses plant used in the manu factu re of sodi un:.
eci O \ l "i. ;:cl ii-.~
( i) d.
. S o mm chlor ide is an essen 0·a1 cons ntuen
.
t of our show n in Fig. 10.4. The actua l p roces s is carri.
food. follow ing steps .