CLASS:X CHEMI

STRY

CH–1CHEMI
CALREACTI
ONSANDEQUATI
ONS

1.
Whyshouldamagnesi um ri
bbonbecl eanedbeforeburninginai
r?
Ans:Magnesi
um met alr
eactswit
ht heatmosphericoxygenandgetscov er
ed
wit
halayerofMagnesium Oxide(MgO)whi chhinderstheburni
ngprocess,
hencei
tisnecessar
yt ocl
eantheribbontoremov ethelayerofMgO.

2.
Wr i
teabal ancedequat ionsf orthefoll
owingchemicalreacti
ons.
i)Hydrogen+Chl oride—- >Hy drogenchlor
ide
ii
)Barium chloride+Al umi nium sulphat
e—- >Bar
ium sulphate+Al
umi
nium
chlori
de
ii
i)Sodium +Wat er—->Sodi um hydroxi
de+Hy dr
ogen
Ans:
i)H2+Cl 2→ 2 HCl
ii
)3BaCl 2+A l
2(SO4)3→ 2 AlCl3+3 BaSO4
ii
i)2Na+2H2O→ 2NaOH+H2

3.
Wr i
teabal ancedchemi calequati
onwi t
hstatesy mbolsf orthefoll
owing
react
ions
i)Sol
ut ionsofBarium chl ori
deandSodi um sulphat
ei nwat erreactt
ogive
insol
ubl eBarium sulphat eandsolutionofSodi um chloride.
ii
)Sodi um hydroxidesol uti
oninwat erreactswi t
hhy drochlori
cacidsolut
iont
o
produceSodi um chl ori
desol ut
ionandwat er.
Ans:
i)BaCl2(aq)+Na2SO4( aq)→ BaSO4( s)+2NaCl (
aq)
ii
)NaOH( aq)+HCl (aq)→ NaCl (aq)+H2O( l
)

4.
Asoluti
onofasubst ance‘X’isusedforwhitewashing.
(i
)Namet hesubstance‘ X’
andwr i
teitsformul
a.
(i
i)Wri
tethereacti
onoft hesubstance‘X’namedi n(i
)abov
ewit
hwater.
Ans:
i
)Thesubstance‘X’whichisusedinwhitewashingisqui
ckli
meorCal
cium
Oxideandit
sf or
mulaisCaO.

5.
Whyi stheamountofgascol l
ectedi noneoft hetestt
ubesi nelect
rol
ysisof
wat erdoubleoftheamountcol l
ect edintheother?Namet hi
sgas.
Ans:Dur i
ngelectr
olysi
sofwat er,
iti
sdecomposedi nt
ohy drogenandoxygen
gases.Thev olumetri
ccomposi t
ionofhy drogenandoxy geninwaterisalways
2:1.Henceaf t
erelectr
oly
sisofwat er,hy
drogengascol l
ectedatcathodeistwice
involumet hanoxygengascollectedatanode.

6.
Whydoest hecolourofcoppersul phatesolut
ionchangewhenani ronnailis
dippedini t
?
Ans:Whenani ronnaili
sdippedint hecoppersul phatesolut
ion,
irondisplaces
copperf r
om thecoppersul phat
esol ut
ionbecausei ronismor er
eactiv
et han
copper.Thereforethecolourofthecoppersul phatesoluti
onchangesi ntogreen
duetot heformationofferroussulphate.
7.
Giveanexampl eofadoubl edisplacementr eacti
onotherthant heonegivenin
Activ
ity1.10.
Ans:React i
onBetweensilverni
trate(AgNO3)andSodi um chlori
de(NaCl)isan
exampl eofadoubledispl
acementr eact
ion.Herethereactantsexchangethei
r
ionstof or
m si
lv
erchlori
deandsodi um nit
rate.
AgNO3( aq)+NaCl (
aq)→AgCl (s)+NaNO3( aq)

8.I
dentif
ythesubst ancesthatar
eoxi
dizedandt hatar
ereducedinthefol
lowi
ng
equations.
i)4Na(s)+O2( g)→ Na2O(s)
ii
)CuO( s)+H2( g)→ Cu(s)+H2O(
l)
Ans:
(i)Substancesoxidisedi
sNaasitgainsoxygenandoxygenisreduced.
(ii
)Substancesr educedi
sCuOasitlosesoxygenandhydrogenisoxidi
sedasi
t
gainsoxy gen.

9.
Whatisabalancedchemi calequati
on?Whyshouldachemicalequat
ionbe
bal
anced?
Ans:Abal
ancedchemi cal
equationhasanequalnumberofat
omsofdiffer
ent
el
ementsi
nt hereactantsandproducts.
Thechemicalequat
ionsshouldbebal ancedt
osati
sfyt
helawofconserv
ati
onof
mass.

10.
Translatet hef oll
owi ngst atement si ntochemicalequati
onsandbal ancethem.
(a)Hydr ogengascombi neswi thni t
rogent oform ammoni a.
(b)Hydr ogensul phidegasbur nsi nairtogivewaterandsul phurdi
oxi de.
(c)Barium chl orider eact swi t
hal umi ni
um sulphatetogiv
eAl uminium chlori
de
andapr eci pi
tateofbar i
um sulphat e.
(d)Pot assi um met alr eactswi thwat ertogivepotassium hydroxi
deand
Hy dr
ogengas.
Ans:
(a)Unbal anced: H2+N2→ NH3
Balanced: 3H2+N2→ 2NH3
(b)Unbal anced: H2S+O2→ H2O+SO2
Balanced: 2H2S+3O2→ 2H2O+2SO2
(c)Unbal anced:
BaCl2+A l2(SO4)3→ A lCl3+B aSO4
Balanced: 3BaCl2+A l2(SO4)
3→ 2 AlCl3+3 BaSO4
(d)Unbal anced: K+H2O→ KOH+H2
Balanced:2K+2H2O→ 2KOH+H2

11.
Balancethefol
lowi
ngchemi calequat
ions.
(a)HNO3+Ca( OH)2→ Ca(NO3)2+H2O

(b)NaOH+H2SO4→ Na2SO4+H2O
(c)NaCl+AgNO3→ AgCl+NaNO3
(d)BaCl2+H2SO4→ BaSO4+HCl
Ans:
(a)2HNO3+Ca( OH)2→ Ca(NO3)2+2H2O
(b)2NaOH+H2SO4→ Na2SO4+2H2O
(c)NaCl +AgNO3→ AgCl+NaNO3
(d)BaCl2+H2SO4→ BaSO4+2HCl
12.
Wr i
tethebalancedchemi calequat i
onfort hefoll
owingr eact
ions.
Calcium hydroxi
de+Car bondi oxide—->Cal ci
um car bonate+Wat er
Zinc+Si l
vernitr
ate—->Zi ncnitr
ate+Si lv
er
Alumi ni
um +Copperchl oride—->Al uminium chlori
de+Copper
Barium chl
or i
de+Pot assi
um sul phate—->Bar ium sulphate+Potassi
um
chlori
de
Ans:
Ca(OH) 2+C O2→ CaCO3+H2O
Zn+2AgNO3→ Zn( NO3)2+2 Ag
2Al +3CuCl2→ 2 Al
Cl3+3 Cu
BaCl2+K 2SO4→ BaSO4+2KCl

13.
Writeabal
ancedchemi calequati
onf orthefol
lowi
ngandident
if
ythet
ypeof
reacti
onofeachcase
KBr+BaI2→ K I+BaBr 2

ZnCO3→ ZnO+CO2
H2+Cl→ HCl
Mg+HCl→ MgCl 2+H2

Ans:
2KBr+BaI2→ 2 KI+BaBr 2(DoubleDisplacementReact
ion)
ZnCO3→ ZnO+CO2( Decomposi t
ionReact i
on)
H2+Cl → 2HCl(Combi nationReacti
on)
Mg+2HCl → MgCl 2+H2( Displ
acementReact i
on)

14.
Whatismeantbyexot her micandendothermi creacti
ons?Gi veexamples.
Ans:Anendot hermi
creactionisachemicalreactioninwhi chheati
s
absorbed.(Example:Photosynthesi
s,mel
tingofice, evaporat
ion)
.
Ex.CaCO3+Heat→ CaO+CO2
Anexot hermicreact
ionisachemi calr
eactioninwhi chheatisevolv
ed.
(Example:Respi r
ati
on,Explosi
ons,concr
eteset t
ing,nuclearfi
ssi
onandf usi
on)
.
Ex.C( s)+O2 (g)→ CO2 (g)+Heat

15.
Whyi srespirati
onconsi der edtobeanexot hermicreaction?
Ans:Fort hesurvivalofli
f e,wer equir
eenergy.Weobt aint hisenergyfrom the
foodweeat .Thefoodmol ecul
es, t
hroughtheprocessofdi gestion,
isbroken
downi ntoasi mplermol ecul eli
keglucose.Thesesubst ancescomei ncontact
withtheOxy genpr esentinourbodycel lstoform Carbondi oxideandwat er
alongwithacer tainamountofener gy(Respir
ati
onpr ocess) .Sincetheenergyis
intheform ofheat( thatmai nt
ainsourbodyt emperature)t herespir
ationi
s
consideredt obeanexot hermicr eacti
on.Thereacti
ont akingpl aceis:

16.
Whyar edecompositi
onr eacti
onscall
edtheopposi
teofCombinat
ionr
eact
ions?
Writ
eequat i
onsfordecomposi ti
onreacti
ons.
Ans:Inadecomposi t
ionreacti
on,asingl
ecompoundbreaksdowntopr
oduce
twoormor esimplersubstances.
Forexample:

Whil
e,i
nacombi
nati
onreact
ion,
twoormor
esubst
ancescombi
net
ofor
ma
si
ngl
enewsubst
ance.
17.
Writ
eoneequat
ioneachfordecomposi
ti
onreacti
onsi
nwhi
chener
gyi
s
suppli
edi
nthefor
m ofheat,
li
ghtorel
ectr
ici
ty.
Ans:

18.
Whatist hedi ffer
encebet weendi splacementanddoubl edisplacement
reacti
ons?Wr iterelevantequat ionsfortheabov e.
Ans:Indi splacementr eact i
ons,amor ereacti
vemetaldispl
acesal essreactive
met al
from i tssal tsolution.Forexampl e,
Fe(s)+CuSO4( aq)→ Cu( s)+FeSO4( aq)
Thisisadi spl acementr eacti
onwher eir
ondi spl
acescopperfrom it
ssolution.
Indoubledi spl acementr eacti
ons, t
wor eactantsi
nsoluti
onexchanget heirions.
Forexampl e,
AgNO3( aq)+NaCl (
aq)→ AgCl (s)+NaNO3  (aq)
Thisisadoubl edisplacementr eact i
onwher esilv
erni
trateandsodium chlor i
de
– –
exchangeCl  andNO3   i
onsbet weent hem.

I
nadisplacementreact
ion,onlyasingledi
spl
acementt
akespl
acewhereasi
n
t
hedoubledispl
acementr eact
ion,asthenamesuggest
stwodispl
acement
t
akesplacebetweenthemol ecules.

19.
Intheref
ini
ngofSil
ver,t
herecover
yofsi l
verf
rom Si
lv
erni
tr
atesolut
ion
inv
olvesdispl
acementreact
ionbyCoppermet al
.Wri
tedownthereacti
on
inv
olved.
Ans:Cu(s)+2AgNO3(aq)→ Cu(NO3)
2(aq)+2Ag(s)

20.
Whatdoy oumeanbyapr ecipi
tati
onr eaction?Explainbygivi
ngexampl
es.
Ans:Areactioni
nwhi chani nsolubl
esol i
dcal l
edprecipit
atei
sfor
medthat
separ
atesfrom t
hesol uti
oniscal l
edapr ecipit
ati
onr eacti
on.
Fewexampl esofprecipi
tati
onr eacti
onsar e:
Pb(NO3)
2(aq)+2KI(aq)  PbI2(
S)+2KNO3( aq)
2NaOH(aq)+MgCl 2(aq)→ 2NaCl (
aq)+Mg( OH)2(
s)

21.
Explaint hef ol
lowingintermsofgainofoxygenwit
ht woexampleseach.
(a)Oxi dation
(b)Reduct i
on
Ans:( a)Oxi dation:Theadditi
onofoxygentoasubstancei
scall
edoxidati
on.
.
Exampl e:
4Na( s)+O2( g)→ 2Na2O(s)
H2S+O2→ H2O+SO2
(b)Reduct ion: Theremov alofoxy
genfrom asubst
anceiscal
ledreduct
ion.
.
Exampl e:CuO( s)+H2(g)→ Cu(s)+H2O(l)
2HgO→ 2Hg+O2

22.
Ashinybrowncol
ouredel
ement‘X’onheati
ngint
heai
rbecomesblacki
n
col
our.Nametheelement‘
X’andtheblackcol
our
edcompoundfor
med.
 Ans:El
ement‘
X’i
scopper(
Cu)
.
Thebl
ackcol
our
edcompoundi
scopperoxi
de(
CuO)
.Ther
eact
ioni
nvol
vedi
s
2Cu(
s)+O2(
g)→ 2CuO(
s)

23.
Whydoweappl ypai
ntonir
onarti
cles?
Ans:Pai
ntdoesnotall
owir
onart
icl
est ocomeincont
actwi
thai
r,moi
stur
eand
savesi
ronart
icl
esfr
om damageduet orust
ing.

24.
OilandFatcontaini
ngfoodi t
emsareflushedwit
hNi t
rogen.Why ?
Ans:Tokeepf ooditemsf r
eshandsavefrom get
ti
ngoxidised,foodit
emsare
fl
ushedwithnitr
ogen.Byf l
ushingNi
tr
ogen,anunreact
ivesurroundingi
scr
eated
thusprev
enti
ngr ancidi
ty.

25.
Expl
aint hef oll
owingt ermswi thoneexampleeach.
(a)Corrosi on
(b)Ranci dity
Ans:Iti
st heprocessi nwhi chmetal
sareeatenupgraduallybyt
heact
ionofair
,
moistureorachemi cal(suchasanacid)onthei
rsurf
ace.
Example: Wheni roni sexposedtomoistai
rforalongperiodofti
me,i
tssur
face
acquir
esacoat i
ngofabr own,fl
akysubst
ancecall
edrust.Rusti
smainly
hydrat
edi r
on( I
II
)oxi de[Fe2O3.
xH20]
.

(b)Rancidi
ty:Theconditi
onproducedbyaer ialoffatsandoil
sinfoodsmar ked
byunpleasantsmellandtastei
scalledrancidit
y.
Rancidit
yspoil
sthefoodmat er
ial
spr eparedinfatsandoilswhich havebeen
keptforaconsider
abletimeandmakest hem unfitforeat
ing.
Rancidit
ycanbepr event
edbyaddingant i
-oxidantstofoodscontaini
ngfat
sand
oil
s.Itcanalsobepreventedbyfl
ushingfatandoi lcontai
ningfoodswit
h
nit
rogenbeforeseali
ng.