Chapter: 02

Liquid State:
Liquid State :
➢ It is Intermediate state of gas and solid state.
➢ It has definite volume but no any fixed shape.
➢ It occupies the shape of container.
 BEHAVIOR OF LIQUID
DIFFUSIBILITY:
➢ The mixing of the liquid to make
homogeneous mixture is the diffusion
of liquids.
➢ For Example: Mixing of ink in water.
➢ Rate of diffusion of liquid is lesser
than gases due to less intermolecular
distances.
 BEHAVIOR OF LIQUID
COMPRESSIBILLITY:
➢ The ability of molecules of liquid to come
closer on applying high pressure is called
known as compressibility.
➢ Liquid are very less compressible than gases
on applying pressures due to less
intermolecular distances.
 BEHAVIOR OF LIQUID
CONTRACTION:
➢ The decrease in volume of liquid
on decreasing temperature is called
contraction .
➢ When a Liquid is cooled it
contract and solidifies on further
cooling.
 BEHAVIOR OF LIQUID
EXPANSION:
➢ The increase in volume of liquid on
increasing temperature is called
expansion.
➢ When a Liquid is heated its
kinetic energy increase so the
velocity of molecules also increase.
➢ Therefore the molecular volume
increase on increase temperature.
 VISCOSITY
DEFINATION:
➢ The resistance of liquid to its flow is called as viscosity.
SYMBOL:
➢ Viscosity of liquid is represented by eata (ŋ).
MOBILE LIQUID : Those liquid which have less viscosity are thin
liquids or mobile liquids or less viscous liquids e.g Water and Alcohol etc.
THICK LIQUID : Those liquids which have higher viscosity are called
thick liquids or viscous liquid e,g Honey and Glycerin etc.
 UNIT OF VISCOSITY
S.I UNITS:
➢ Kilogram per meter per second Kg/m. Sec
➢ Newton seconds per square meter N. Sec/m 2
C.G.S SYSTEMS:
➢ Dynes second per centimeter square dyne. Sec/ cm 2
➢ Poise Poise
UNITS EQUIVALENT :
➢ 1 poise = 1 dyne. Sec/ cm 2
➢ 1 poise = 100 centipoise
➢ 1 centipoise = 0.001 (10 -3) N. Sec/ m2
 APPARATUS
Viscosity can be measured by viscometer
 FACTOR EFFECTING VISCOSITY
TEMPERATURE:
➢ Viscosity inversely proportional to the
temperature.
➢ When temperature of liquid increase, the
intermolecular distance also increase that
cause less resistance between the molecules
of liquid, hence viscosity also decrease.
 FACTOR EFFECTING VISCOSITY
INTERMOLECULAR ATTRACTION:
➢ Viscosity directly proportional to the
intermolecular attraction.
➢ Greater will be the intermolecular
attraction, higher will be the viscosity.
 FACTOR EFFECTING VISCOSITY
SIZE OF MOLECULES:
➢ Viscosity directly proportional to the size of
molecules.
➢ Greater will be the size of molecules, higher
will be the resistance, hence higher will be
the viscosity.
 FACTOR EFFECTING VISCOSITY
SHAPE OF MOLECULES:
➢ Liquid of simple and spherical molecules
have low viscosity due to less
resistance.
➢ Liquid of complex, elongated and
branched molecules have high viscosity
due to comparatively higher resistance.