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NCM 104a CHN 1
Community Health Nursing
Definition Common Words used in
Community Health Nursing
1. Community
- A collection of people who interact with
one another and whose common interests or
characteristics form the basis for a sense of
unity or belonging (Allender et.al, 2009).
- A group of people who share common
interests, who interact with each other and who
function collectively within a defined social
structure to address common concern (Clark,
2008).
- A group or collection of individuals
interacting in social units ns sharing common
interests, characteristics, values and
goals (Maurer and Smith, 2013).
2. Health
- A state of complete physical, mental,
and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1947).
3. Public Health
- The science and art of preventing
disease prolonging life and promoting health and
efficiency through:
o organized community effort for the
sanitation
o control of communicable diseases
o education of individuals in personal
hygiene
o organization of medical and nursing
services for the early diagnosis and
preventive treatment of disease
o development of social machinery to
ensure everyone a standard of living
adequate for the maintenance of health,
so organizing these benefits as to
enable every citizen to realize his
birthright to health and longevity. (Dr.
Charles-Edward Winslow, 1920)
4. Community Health
• It is the environmental, social, and
economic resources to sustain
emotional and physical well being
among people in ways that advance
their aspirations and satisfy their needs
in their unique environment (WHO).
• The health status of a community and
the organized responsibilities of public
health, school health, transportation,
safety and other tax-supported functions
with voluntary and private actions to
promote and protect the health of local
populations identified as communities
(Green and Ottoson, 1999).
5. Public Health Nursing
• It is the practice of nursing in national
and local government health
departments and public schools. It is
community health nursing practiced in
the public sector (Standards of Public
Health Nursing in the Philipines, 2005).
• It is the practice of promoting and
protecting the health of populations
using knowledge from nursing, social
and public health sciences (American
Public Health Association, 1996)
6. Community Health Nursing
• It is service rendered by a professional
nurse to communities, groups, families
and individuals at home, in health
centers, in clinics, in schools, and in
places of work for the promotion of
health, prevention of illness, care of the
sick at home, and rehabilitation. (Ruth
B. Freeman)
• A synthesis of nursing practice and
public health applied to promoting and
preserving the health of the
populations. The focus of community
health nursing: (1) prevention of illness,
(2) promotion of health and
(3) maintenance of health. (American
Nurses Association, 1980)
• It is the synthesis of nursing knowledge
and practice and the science of public
health, implemented via a systematic
use of the nursing process and other
processes to promote health and
prevent illness in population groups
(Clark, 2005).
Standards of Public Health Nursing Practice
❑ Standards of Care
Standards 1 - 6
❑ Standards of Professional
Performance
Standards 7 - 15
Standard 1: Assessment
• The PHN/CHN collects comprehensive
data relevant to the health status of the
community.
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Standard 2: Population diagnosis and
priorities
• The CHN/PHN analyzes the
assessment data to determine the
population diagnoses and priorities.
Standard 3: Outcomes identification
• The CHN/PHN identifies expected
outcomes for a plan that is based on
population diagnoses and priorities.
Standard 4: Planning
• The CHN/PHN develops a plan that
reflects the best practices by identifying
appropriate strategies, action plans, and
options to attain expected outcomes.
Standard 5: Implementation
• The CHN/PHN implements the identified
plan by partnering with others
a. Coordination
o coordinates programs, services and
other activities to implement the
identified plan
b. Health Education and Health
Promotion
o employs multiple strategies to
promote health, prevent diseases
and ensure a safe environment for
the community.
c. Consultation
o provides consultation to various
community groups and officials to
facilitate the implementation of
programs and services.
d. Regulatory Activities
o identifies, interprets and implements
public health laws, regulations and
policies
Standard 6: Evaluation
• The CHn/PHN evaluates the health
status of the population/ community.
Standards of Professional Performance
Standard 7: Quality of Practice
• The CHN/PHN systematically enhances
the quality and effectiveness of nursing
practice.
Standard 8: Education
• The CHN/PHN attains knowledge and
competency that reflects current nursing
and public health practices.
Standard 9: Professional Practice
Evaluation
• The CHN/PHN evaluates one’s own
nursing practice in relation to
professional practice standards and
guidelines, relevant statutes, rules and
regulations
Standard 10: Collegiality and Professional
Relationships
• The CHN/PHN establishes collegial
partnership while interacting with
representatives of the population,
organizations and health and human
service professionals.
• Contributes to the professional
development of peers, students,
colleagues and others.
Standard 11: Collaboration
• The CHN/PHN collaborates with
representatives of the population,
organizations and health and human
services professionals in providing for
and promoting the health of the
population.
Standard 12: Ethics
• The CHN/PHN integrates ethical
provisions in all areas of practice.
Standard 13: Research
• The CHN/PHN integrates research
findings in practice.
Standard 14: Resource Utilization Population
• The CHN/PHN considers factors related
to safety, effectiveness, cost and impact
on practice and in the planning and
delivery of nursing and public health
programs, policies and services.
Standard 15: Leadership
• PHN provides leadership in nursing and
public health.
Roles, Responsibilities, Functions and
Competencies of CH Nurse
ROLE
• is a sociological concept which refers to
the behavior prescribed & expected of
all who perform certain functions.
• An individual assumes a role in different
circumstances.
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Various Roles of a Community Health Nurse
1. HEALTH MONITOR
• Detects deviation from health of
individuals, families, groups, and
communities through contacts/visits with
them
• Monitors more effectively concepts of
illness among family members.
2. PROVIDER OF CARE TO THE SICK and
DISABLED.
• Provides direct nursing care to sick or
disabled in the home, clinic, school, or
workplace
• Develops the family’s capability to take
care of the sick, disabled, or dependent
member
3. COORDINATOR OF FAMILY SERVICES
• The nature of health problem requires
services of other disciplines nurse.
• Coordinates with individuals, families,
and groups for health-related services
provided by various members of the
health team
• Coordinates nursing program with other
health programs like environmental
sanitation, health education, dental
health, and mental health
4. HEALTH EDUCATOR
• Health education is one of the most
frequently used intervention by the
nurse.
• Initiates the use of tri-media (radio/TV,
cinema plugs, and print ads) for health
education purposes
5. COUNSELOR
• Giving support to personal problems.
6. CLIENT/ PATIENT ADVOCATE
• Intercedes and pleads the cause of
another (client/patient)
7. CHANGE AGENT
• Motivates changes in health behavior in
individuals, families, groups, and
communities that also include lifestyle in
order to promote and maintain health
8. COMMUNITY ORGANIZER
• Stimulates and enhances the
community’s participation in planning,
organizing, implementing and evaluating
health programs & services.
• Motivates and enhances community
participation in terms of planning,
organizing, implementing, and
evaluating health services
• Initiates and participates in community
development activities
9. TEAM MEMBER
• as member of a health team
10. TRAINER, SUPERVISOR, MANAGER
• Identifies and interprets training needs
of the RHMs, Barangay Health Workers
(BHW), and hilots
• Conducts training for RHMs and hilots
on promotion and disease prevention
• Conducts pre and post-consultation
conferences for clinic clients; acts as a
resource speaker on health and health
related services
11. RESEARCHER
• Plans and conduct of nursing & related
studies that contribute to the
improvement of nursing & health
services.
• Participates in the conduct of survey
studies and researches on nursing and
health-related subjects
• Coordinates with government and non-
government organization in the
implementation of studies/research
12. ROLE MODEL
• Provides good example of healthful
living to the members of the community
13. Planner/Programmer
• Identifies needs, priorities, and problems
of individuals, families, and communities
• Formulates municipal health plan in the
absence of a medical doctor
• Interprets and implements nursing plan,
program policies, memoranda, and
circular for the concerned staff
personnel
• Provides technical assistance to rural
health midwives in health matters
Responsibilities of a Community Health
Nurse
RESPONSIBILITY
• The obligation to perform duties, tasks
or roles using sound professional
judgement and being answerable for the
decisions made in doing this.
• A nurse who is considering expanding
their scope of practice should realize
that this will involve greater
responsibility.
Responsibilities of a Community Health
Nurse
• Providing care to the sick
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• Maintaining healthy environment 5. Management Skills

• Teaching Competency Standards in Community Health

Nursing
• Identify the needs and referring the
clients/patients for service • Safe and quality nursing care

• Preventing and reporting neglect and • Management of resources and

abuse environment

• Advocating • Health education

• Collaborating • Legal responsibility

• Participating in professional • Ethico-moral responsibility

development activities • Personal and professional development
• Engaging and ensuring quality nursing • Quality improvement
research
• Research
Functions of A Community Health Nurse
• Records management
Function – a set of activities and tasks expected
of a person by virtue of his position or role in the • Communication
society.
• Collaboration and Teamwork
Activity is a combination of specific tasks whose
fulfillment leads directly to the performance of a
function.

Task is a piece of work assigned or done as

part of one's duties.

“Activities” and “Tasks” - are units of a

function

Function: Assess the physical & mental health

status of clients and their family in a depressed
area.

Activities:

a. Data gathering

b. History taking

c. Assessment of nutritional status of

children

Tasks:

a. Inspect home environment

b. Conduct interview/home visit

c. Obtain weight, meal plan etc.

Competencies of A Community Health Nurse

COMPETENCY

• the ability to do something successfully

or efficiently.

COMPETENCE

• quality of being functionally adequate in

performing the tasks and assuming the
role of a specific position.

Competencies Required of A Community

Health Nurse

1. Technical Skills

2. Human Relations Skills

3. Communication Skills

4. Teaching Skills