Shear and Moment Solutions

SHEAR AND MOMENT IN BEAMS
Write shear and moment equations for the beams in the following problems. In each problem, let x be the distance
measured from left end of the beam. Also, draw shear and moment diagrams, specifying values at all change of
loading positions and at points of zero shear. Neglect the mass of the beam in each problem.
403.
I. Problem: Beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-403. II. Working Problem: Beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-
403.
33 kN 53 kN
III. Solution for the Problem:

a. Sketch the Figure
b. Show your complete solution

404.
404.
2003 lb
M = 4803 lb·ft


413.
413.
103 lb/ft M = 1203 lb·ft


414.
I. Problem: Cantilever beam carrying the loads shown II. Working Problem: Cantilever beam carrying the
in Fig. P-414. loads shown in Fig. P-414.
4.3 kN/m
2.3 kN/m


419.
419.
273 lb/ft


Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beams specified in the
following problems. Give numerical values at all change of loading positions and at all points of zero shear.
429.
429.
123 lb/ft 123 lb/ft


433.
I. Problem: Overhanging beam loaded by a force and II. Working Problem: Overhanging beam loaded by a
a couple as shown in Fig. P-433. force and a couple as shown in Fig. P-433.
753 lb
3003 lb/ft


434.
I. Problem: Beam loaded shown in Fig. P-434. II. Working Problem: Beam loaded shown in Fig. P-
434.
63 kN
23 kN/m


439.
I. Problem: A beam supported on three reactions as II. Working Problem: A beam supported on three
shown in Fig. P-439 consists of two segments joined reactions as shown in Fig. P-439 consists of two
by frictionless hinge at which the bending moment is segments joined by frictionless hinge at which the
zero. bending moment is zero.
4003 lb
403 lb/ft


In the following problems, draw moment and load diagrams corresponding to the given shear diagrams. Specify
values at all change of load positions and at all points of zero shear.
449.
I. Problem: Shear diagram as shown in Fig. P-449. II. Working Problem: Shear diagram as shown in Fig.
P-449.

Moving Loads
453.
I. Problem: A truck with axle loads of 40 kN and 60 kN on a wheel base of 5 m rolls across a 10-m span. Compute
the maximum bending moment and the maximum shearing force.
II. Working Problem: A truck with axle loads of 43 kN and 63 kN on a wheel base of 5 m rolls across a 10-m span.
Compute the maximum bending moment and the maximum shearing force.

a. Summarize the Given
b. Sketch the Figure
c. Show your complete solution

Moving Loads
454.
I. Problem: A truck with axle loads of 30 kN and 50 kN on a wheel base of 4 m rolls across a 8-m span. Compute
the maximum bending moment and the maximum shearing force.
II. Working Problem: A truck with axle loads of 33 kN and 53 kN on a wheel base of 4 m rolls across a 8-m span.
Compute the maximum bending moment and the maximum shearing force.


TORSION
304.
I. Problem: A steel shaft 3 ft long that has a diameter of 4 in. is subjected to a torque of 15 kip·ft. Determine the
maximum shearing stress and the angle of twist. Use G = 12 × 106 psi.
II. Working Problem: A steel shaft 3 ft long that has a diameter of 3 in. is subjected to a torque of 13 kip·ft.
Determine the maximum shearing stress and the angle of twist. Use G = 12 × 106 psi.


TORSION
309.
I. Problem: A steel propeller shaft is to transmit 4.5 MW at 3 Hz without exceeding a shearing stress of 50 MPa or
twisting through more than 1° in a length of 26 diameters. Compute the proper diameter if G = 83 GPa.
II. Working Problem: A steel propeller shaft is to transmit 4.5 MW at 3 Hz without exceeding a shearing stress of
53 MPa or twisting through more than 1° in a length of 23 diameters. Compute the proper diameter if G = 83
GPa.


TORSION
313.
I. Problem: Determine the maximum torque that can be applied to a hollow circular steel shaft of 100-mm outside
diameter and an 80-mm inside diameter without exceeding a shearing stress of 60 MPa or a twist of 0.5 deg/m.
Use G = 83 GPa.
II. Working Problem: Determine the maximum torque that can be applied to a hollow circular steel shaft of 103-
mm outside diameter and an 83-mm inside diameter without exceeding a shearing stress of 60 MPa or a twist of
0.5 deg/m. Use G = 83 GPa.

TORSION
314.
I. Problem: The steel shaft shown in Fig. P-314 rotates at 4 Hz with 35 kW taken
off at A, 20 kW removed at B, and 55 kW applied at C. Using G = 83 GPa, find
the maximum shearing stress and the angle of rotation of gear A relative to gear
C.
II. Working Problem: The steel shaft shown in Fig. P-314 rotates at 4 Hz with 33 kW taken off at A, 23 kW
removed at B, and 53 kW applied at C. Using G = 83 GPa, find the maximum shearing stress and the angle of
rotation of gear A relative to gear C.


TORSION
319.
I. Problem: The compound shaft shown in Fig. P-319 is attached to rigid
supports. For the bronze segment AB, the diameter is 75 mm, τ ≤ 60 MPa,
and G = 35 GPa. For the steel segment BC, the diameter is 50 mm, τ ≤ 80
MPa, and G = 83 GPa. If a = 2 m and b = 1.5 m, compute the maximum
torque T that can be applied.
II. Working Problem: The compound shaft shown in Fig. P-319 is attached to rigid supports. For the bronze
segment AB, the diameter is 73 mm, τ ≤ 60 MPa, and G = 35 GPa. For the steel segment BC, the diameter is 53
mm, τ ≤ 80 MPa, and G = 83 GPa. If a = 2 m and b = 1.5 m, compute the maximum torque T that can be applied.


TORSION
323.
I. Problem: A shaft composed of segments AC, CD, and DB is fastened to rigid supports and loaded as shown in
Fig. P-323. For bronze, G = 35 GPa; aluminum, G = 28 GPa, and for steel, G = 83 GPa. Determine the maximum
shearing stress developed in each segment.
II. Working Problem: A shaft composed of segments AC, CD, and DB is fastened to rigid supports and loaded as
shown in Fig. P-323. For bronze, G = 35 GPa; aluminum, G = 28 GPa, and for steel, G = 83 GPa. Determine the
maximum shearing stress developed in each segment.
TC = 303 TD = 703
N·m N·m


TORSION
324.
I. Problem: The compound shaft shown in Fig. P-324 is attached to rigid
supports. For the bronze segment AB, the maximum shearing stress is
limited to 8000 psi and for the steel segment BC, it is limited to 12 ksi.
Determine the diameters of each segment so that each material will be
simultaneously stressed to its permissible limit when a torque T = 12 kip·ft
is applied. For bronze, G = 6 × 106 psi and for steel, G = 12 × 106 psi.
II. Working Problem: The compound shaft shown in Fig. P-324 is attached to rigid supports. For the bronze
segment AB, the maximum shearing stress is limited to 8003 psi and for the steel segment BC, it is limited to 13
ksi. Determine the diameters of each segment so that each material will be simultaneously stressed to its
permissible limit when a torque T = 12 kip·ft is applied. For bronze, G = 6 × 106 psi and for steel, G = 12 × 106
psi.


STRESSES IN BEAMS
Derivation of Flexure Formula
503.
I. Problem: A cantilever beam, 50 mm wide by 150 mm high and 6 m long, carries a load that varies uniformly
from zero at the free end to 1000 N/m at the wall. (a) Compute the magnitude and location of the maximum
flexural stress. (b) Determine the type and magnitude of the stress in a fiber 20 mm from the top of the beam at a
section 2 m from the free end.
II. Working Problem: A cantilever beam, 53 mm wide by 153 mm high and 6 m long, carries a load that varies
uniformly from zero at the free end to 1000 N/m at the wall. (a) Compute the magnitude and location of the
maximum flexural stress. (b) Determine the type and magnitude of the stress in a fiber 20 mm from the top of the
beam at a section 2 m from the free end.


STRESSES IN BEAMS
504.
I. Problem: A simply supported beam, 2 in wide by 4 in high and 12 ft long is subjected to a concentrated load of
2000 lb at a point 3 ft from one of the supports. Determine the maximum fiber stress and the stress in a fiber
located 0.5 in from the top of the beam at midspan.
II. Working Problem: A simply supported beam, 2 in wide by 4 in high and 13 ft long is subjected to a concentrated
load of 2003 lb at a point 3 ft from one of the supports. Determine the maximum fiber stress and the stress in a
fiber located 0.5 in from the top of the beam at midspan.


STRESSES IN BEAMS
509.
I. Problem: A section used in aircraft is constructed of tubes connected by thin webs as shown
in Fig. P-509. Each tube has a cross-sectional area of 0.20 in 2. If the average stress in the
tubes is not to exceed 10 ksi, determine the total uniformly distributed load that can be
supported in a simple span 12 ft long. Neglect the effect of the webs.
II. Working Problem: A section used in aircraft is constructed of tubes connected by thin webs as shown in Fig. P-
509. Each tube has a cross-sectional area of 0.23 in 2. If the average stress in the tubes is not to exceed 13 ksi,
determine the total uniformly distributed load that can be supported in a simple span 12 ft long. Neglect the effect
of the webs.


STRESSES IN BEAMS
513.
I. Problem: A rectangular steel beam, 2 in wide by 3 in II. Working Problem: A rectangular steel beam, 2 in
deep, is loaded as shown in Fig. P-513. Determine wide by 3 in deep, is loaded as shown in Fig. P-513.
the magnitude and the location of the maximum Determine the magnitude and the location of the
flexural stress. maximum flexural stress.
M = 3603
453 lb
lb·ft


STRESSES IN BEAMS
514.
I. Problem: The right-angled frame shown in Fig. P-514 carries a uniformly distributed
loading equivalent to 200 N for each horizontal projected meter of the frame; that is,
the total load is 1000 N. Compute the maximum flexural stress at section a-a if the
cross-section is 50 mm square.
II. Working Problem: The right-angled frame shown in Fig. P-514 carries a uniformly distributed loading equivalent
to 203 N for each horizontal projected meter of the frame; that is, the total load is 1000 N. Compute the maximum
flexural stress at section a-a if the cross-section is 53 mm square.


STRESSES IN BEAMS
519.
I. Problem: A 30-ft beam, simply supported at 6 ft from either end carries a uniformly
distributed load of intensity w0 over its entire length. The beam is made by welding
two S18 × 70 (see appendix B) sections along their flanges to form the section
shown in Fig. P-519. Calculate the maximum value of w0 if the flexural stress is
limited to 20 ksi. Be sure to include the weight of the beam.
II. Working Problem: A 33-ft beam, simply supported at 6 ft from either end carries a uniformly distributed load of
intensity w0 over its entire length. The beam is made by welding two S18 × 70 (see appendix B) sections along
their flanges to form the section shown in Fig. P-519. Calculate the maximum value of w0 if the flexural stress is
limited to 23 ksi. Be sure to include the weight of the beam.


STRESSES IN BEAMS
523.
I. Problem: A box beam is composed of four planks, each 2 in. by 8 in.,
securely spiked together to form the section shown in Fig. P-523.
Show that INA = 981.3 in4. If w0 = 600 lb/ft, find P to cause a maximum
flexural stress of 1400 psi.
II. Working Problem: A box beam is composed of four planks, each 2

in. by 8 in., securely spiked together to form the section shown in Fig.
P-523. Show that INA = 981.3 in4. If w0 = 603 lb/ft, find P to cause a
maximum flexural stress of 1403 psi.


STRESSES IN BEAMS
524.
I. Problem: A beam with an S380 × 74 section carries a total uniformly distributed
load of 3W and a concentrated load W, as shown in Fig. P-524. Determine W if
the flexural stress is limited to 120 MPa.
II. Working Problem: A beam with an S380 × 74 section carries a total uniformly
distributed load of 3.3W and a concentrated load W, as shown in Fig. P-524.
Determine W if the flexural stress is limited to 123 MPa.


STRESSES IN BEAMS
Economic Sections
Assume that the beams in the following problems are properly braced against lateral deflection. Be sure to include
the weight of the beam itself.
529.
I. Problem: A 10-m beam simply supported at the ends carries a uniformly distributed load of 16 kN/m over its
entire length. What is the lightest W shape beam that will not exceed a flexural stress of 120 MPa? What is the
actual maximum stress in the beam selected?
II. Working Problem: A 13-m beam simply supported at the ends carries a uniformly distributed load of 16 kN/m
over its entire length. What is the lightest W shape beam that will not exceed a flexural stress of 123 MPa? What
is the actual maximum stress in the beam selected?


STRESSES IN BEAMS
Economic Sections
533.
I. Problem: A beam simply supported on a 36-ft span carries a uniformly distributed load of 2000 lb/ft over the
middle 18 ft. Using an allowable stress of 20 ksi, determine the lightest suitable W shape beam. What is the
actual maximum stress in the selected beam?
II. Working Problem: A beam simply supported on a 36-ft span carries a uniformly distributed load of 2003 lb/ft
over the middle 18 ft. Using an allowable stress of 23 ksi, determine the lightest suitable W shape beam. What is
the actual maximum stress in the selected beam?


STRESSES IN BEAMS
Economic Sections
534.
I. Problem: A beam simply supported on a 36-ft span carries a uniformly distributed load of 5000 lb/ft over the
middle 18 ft. Using an allowable stress of 20 ksi, determine the lightest suitable W shape beam. What is the
actual maximum stress in the selected beam?
II. Working Problem: A beam simply supported on a 36-ft span carries a uniformly distributed load of 5003 lb/ft
over the middle 18 ft. Using an allowable stress of 23 ksi, determine the lightest suitable W shape beam. What is
the actual maximum stress in the selected beam?


STRESSES IN BEAMS
Unsymmetrical Beams
549.
I. Problem: A beam with cross-section shown in Fig. P-549 is loaded in such a way that the maximum moments
are +1.0P lb·ft and -1.5P lb·ft, where P is the applied load in pounds. Determine the maximum safe value of P if
the working stresses are 4 ksi in tension and 10 ksi in compression.
II. Working Problem: A beam with cross-section shown in Fig. P-549 is loaded in such a way that the maximum
moments are +1.3P lb·ft and -1.5P lb·ft, where P is the applied load in pounds. Determine the maximum safe
value of P if the working stresses are 4 ksi in tension and 13 ksi in compression.


STRESSES IN BEAMS
Unsymmetrical Beams
553.
I. Problem: Determine the maximum tensile and compressive bending stresses developed in the beam as shown
in Fig. P-553.
II. Working Problem: Determine the maximum tensile and compressive bending stresses developed in the beam
as shown in Fig. P-553.
1503 lb M = 4503
lb·ft


STRESSES IN BEAMS
Unsymmetrical Beams
554.
I. Problem: Determine the maximum tensile and compressive stresses developed in the overhanging beam shown
in Fig. P-554. The cross-section is an inverted T with the given properties.
II. Working Problem: Determine the maximum tensile and compressive stresses developed in the overhanging
beam shown in Fig. P-554. The cross-section is an inverted T with the given properties.
1603 lb 4003 lb


STRESSES IN BEAMS
Analysis of Flexure Action
559.
I. Problem: A beam is composed of 6 planks, each 100 mm wide and 20 mm thick, piled loosely on each other to
an overall dimension of 100 mm wide by 120 mm high. (a) Compare the strength of such a beam with that of a
solid beam of equal overall dimensions. (b) What would be the ratio if the built-up beam consisted of 12 planks
each 100 mm wide by 10 mm thick?
II. Working Problem: A beam is composed of 6 planks, each 103 mm wide and 20 mm thick, piled loosely on each
other to an overall dimension of 103 mm wide by 120 mm high. (a) Compare the strength of such a beam with
that of a solid beam of equal overall dimensions. (b) What would be the ratio if the built-up beam consisted of 12
planks each 100 mm wide by 10 mm thick?


STRESSES IN BEAMS
563.
I. Problem: A box beam is made from 2-in. by 6-in. pieces screwed together as shown in
Fig. P-563. If the maximum flexure stress is 1200 psi, compute the force acting on the
shaded portion and the moment of this force about the NA. Hint: Use the results of Prob.
562.
II. Working Problem: A box beam is made from 2-in. by 6-in. pieces screwed together as
shown in Fig. P-563. If the maximum flexure stress is 1203 psi, compute the force acting
on the shaded portion and the moment of this force about the NA. Hint: Use the results
of Prob. 562.


STRESSES IN BEAMS
564.
I. Problem: A box beam is made from 2-in. by 10-in. pieces screwed together as shown in
Fig. P-563. If the maximum flexure stress is 1200 psi, compute the force acting on the
shaded portion and the moment of this force about the NA. Hint: Use the results of Prob.
562.
II. Working Problem: Problem: A box beam is made from 2-in. by 13-in. pieces screwed
together as shown in Fig. P-563. If the maximum flexure stress is 1203 psi, compute the
force acting on the shaded portion and the moment of this force about the NA. Hint: Use
the results of Prob. 562.


STRESSES IN BEAMS
Derivation of Formula for Horizontal Shearing Stress
569.
I. Problem: Show that the maximum shearing stress in a beam having a thin-walled tubular section of net area A
is τ = 2V/A.
II. Working Problem: Show that the maximum shearing stress in a beam having a thin-walled tubular section of net
area A is τ = 2V/A.


STRESSES IN BEAMS
573.
I. Problem: The cross-section of a beam is an isosceles triangle with vertex uppermost, of altitude h and base b. If
V is the vertical shear, show that the maximum shearing stress is 3V/bh located at the midpoint of the altitude.
II. Working Problem: The cross-section of a beam is an isosceles triangle with vertex uppermost, of altitude h and
base b. If V is the vertical shear, show that the maximum shearing stress is 3V/bh located at the midpoint of the
altitude.


STRESSES IN BEAMS
574.
I. Problem: In the beam section shown in Fig. P-574, prove that the maximum horizontal
shearing stress occurs at layers h/8 above or below the NA.
II. Working Problem: In the beam section shown in Fig. P-574, prove that the maximum
horizontal shearing stress occurs at layers h/8 above or below the NA.


STRESSES IN BEAMS
Design for Flexure and Shear
583.
I. Problem: A rectangular beam 6 in. wide by 10 in. high supports a total distributed
load of W and a concentrated load of 2W applied as shown in Fig. P-583. If σf ≤
1500 psi and τ ≤ 120 psi, determine the maximum value of W.
II. Working Problem: A rectangular beam 6 in. wide by 10 in. high supports a total
distributed load of W and a concentrated load of 2W applied as shown in Fig. P-583.
If σf ≤ 1503 psi and τ ≤ 123 psi, determine the maximum value of W.


STRESSES IN BEAMS
584.
I. Problem: A wide-flange section having the dimensions shown in Fig. P-584 supports a
distributed load of w0 lb/ft on a simple span of length L ft. Determine the ratio of the
maximum flexural stress to the maximum shear stress.
II. Working Problem: A wide-flange section having the dimensions shown in Fig. P-584
supports a distributed load of w0 lb/ft on a simple span of length L ft. Determine the ratio of
the maximum flexural stress to the maximum shear stress.


STRESSES IN BEAMS
589.
I. Problem: A channel section carries a concentrated loads W and a total distributed load of 4W as shown in Fig.
P-589. Verify that the NA is 2.17 in. above the bottom and that INA = 62 in4. Use these values to determine the
maximum value of W that will not exceed allowable stresses in tension of 6,000 psi, in compression of 10,000
psi, or in shear of 8,000 psi.
II. Working Problem: A channel section carries a concentrated loads W and a total distributed load of 4W as
shown in Fig. P-589. Verify that the NA is 2.17 in. above the bottom and that INA = 62 in4. Use these values to
determine the maximum value of W that will not exceed allowable stresses in tension of 6,003 psi, in
compression of 10,003 psi, or in shear of 8,003 psi.


STRESSES IN BEAMS
Spacing of Rivets or Bolts in Built-up Beams
593.
I. Problem: A box beam, built up as shown in Fig. P-593, is secured by screws spaced 5
in. apart. The beam supports a concentrated load P at the third point of a simply
supported span 12 ft long. Determine the maximum value of P that will not exceed τ =
120 psi in the beam or a shearing force of 300 lb in the screws. What is the maximum
flexural stress in the beam?
II. Working Problem: A box beam, built up as shown in Fig. P-593, is secured by screws
spaced 5 in. apart. The beam supports a concentrated load P at the third point of a
simply supported span 12 ft long. Determine the maximum value of P that will not
exceed τ = 123 psi in the beam or a shearing force of 303 lb in the screws. What is the
maximum flexural stress in the beam?


STRESSES IN BEAMS
594.
I. Problem: A distributed load of w0 lb/ft is applied over a middle 6 ft of a simply supported span 12 ft long. The
beam section is that in Prob. 593, but used here so that the 8-in dimension is vertical. Determine the maximum
value of w0 if σf ≤ 1200 psi, τ ≤ 120 psi, and the screws have a shear strength of 200 lb and a pitch of 2 in.
II. Working Problem: A distributed load of w0 lb/ft is applied over a middle 6 ft of a simply supported span 12 ft
long. The beam section is that in Prob. 593, but used here so that the 8-in dimension is vertical. Determine the
maximum value of w0 if σf ≤ 1203 psi, τ ≤ 123 psi, and the screws have a shear strength of 200 lb and a pitch of 2
in.


STRESSES IN BEAMS
599.
I. Problem: A beam is formed by bolting together two W200 × 100 sections as shown in Fig. P-
599. It is used to support a uniformly distributed load of 30 kN/m (including the weight of the
beam) on a simply supported span of 10 m. Compute the maximum flexural stress and the pitch
between bolts that have a shearing strength of 30 kN.
II. Working Problem: A beam is formed by bolting together two W200 × 100 sections as shown in
Fig. P-599. It is used to support a uniformly distributed load of 33 kN/m (including the weight of
the beam) on a simply supported span of 10 m. Compute the maximum flexural stress and the
pitch between bolts that have a shearing strength of 33 kN.


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SHEAR AND MOMENT IN BEAMS

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