Attachment 1

Republic of the Philippines
Surigao del Sur State University

Cantilan Campus
Cantilan,Surigao del Sur
Telefax No. 086-212-5132
Website: www.sdssu.edu.ph
MODULE 2
Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 1
M
Module Overview
Lesson 1 focuses on the first version of the creation which is intensely masculine
and crude. This primary forces generate their opposites. Thus vacancy creates
solidity, darkness creates light, the earth creates the sky and the sea, the first crime
creates a goddess of love. Further, these forces are conceived as having sexes,
and they copulate the way human beings do, and the 'female elements give
birth to newer forces, and those forces have vague personalities.
Lesson 2 focuses mainly on the story of describing the first woman, Pandora, sent
by Zeus to bedevil man, brings out Hesiod’s firm belief in the supreme and
irresistible power of Zeus.
Lesson 3 focuses on the artistic characteristics of Deucalion and Pyrrha. The
version of the ancient Greeks in their attempt to purify the old world from its sins
and give birth to a new race of human. Similarities between the two stories, as
both of them use a disastrous flood as a means to make the humankind extinct.
Few people that are saved from the flood have managed to do so in a boat and
many days after the rain had stopped did they manage to step on land.
Lesson 4 illustrates that when love is pure, all pains, sorrows, and challenges will
align to ensure that the love is realized. Even nature, as the ants and eagle
demonstrate, support true love. Of all the stories in the Greek mythology, none
more clearly demonstrates that true love exists than this story.
M
LESSON 1.
“Human history becomes more and more a race between

education and catastrophe.”
H. G. Wells
Read more at https://www.brainyquote.com/topics/history-
quotes.”
LEARNING COMPASS Walt Disney
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

 depict the blissful state of man in his original harmony with nature;
 identify human physical characteristics, but they embody the emotional flaws of
humans as well;
 describe the system of creation and its significance.
PRE-TEST: LET’S BEGIN!
Short essay, paragraph form. Write legibly.

Explain your answer in more than 10 sentences in each question. (10 points each)
Why is the creation story important?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Where did the world come from?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Where did humans come from?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
M
DIGGING DEEPER!
This story is written by both Aeschylus and Hesiod.
In the beginning, there was formless confusion of Chaos brooded over the
unbroken darkness. Then out of the void appeared Erebus, the unknowable place
where death dwells, and Night (Nyx). All else was empty, silent, endless, darkness.
Then somehow Love (Eros) was born bringing a start of order. From Love came
Light and Day. Once there was Light and Day, Gaea, the earth appeared.
Gaea alone gave birth to Uranus, the god of the heavens. Uranus became
Gaea's mate. Together they produced the three Cyclopes, the three
Hecatoncheires, and twelve Titans.
But, Uranus was a bad father and husband. He hated the Hecatoncheires.
He imprisoned them by pushing them into the hidden places of the earth, Gaea's
womb. This angered Gaea and she plotted against Uranus. She made a flint sickle
and tried to get her children to attack Uranus. All were too afraid except, the
youngest Titan, Cronus.
Gaea and Cronus set up an ambush of Uranus as he lay with Gaea at night.
Cronus grabbed his father and castrated him, with the stone sickle, throwing the
severed genitals into the ocean. The fate of Uranus is not clear. He either died,
withdrew from the earth, or exiled himself to Italy. As he departed, he promised
that Cronus and the Titans would be punished. From his spilt blood came the
Giants, the Ash Tree Nymphs, and the Erinyes. From the sea foam where his
genitals fell came Aphrodite.
M
Cronus became the next ruler. He imprisoned the Cyclopes and the
Hecatoncheires in Tartarus. He married his sister Rhea, and under his rule the Titans
had many offspring. He ruled for many ages. However, Gaea and Uranus both
had prophesied that he would be overthrown by a son. To avoid this Cronus
swallowed each of his children as they were born. Rhea was angry at the
treatment of the children and plotted against Cronus. When it came time to give
birth to her sixth child, Rhea tricked Cronus. She secretly carried the child to Crete
and then wrapped a stone in swaddling clothes. Cronus, thinking it was a baby,
ate the stone.
The child was Zeus. He grew into a handsome youth on Crete. He consulted
Metis on how to defeat Cronus. She prepared a drink for Cronus which would
force him to vomit up the five other children. Rhea convinced Cronus to accept
his son and Zeus was allowed to return to Mount Olympus as Cronus's cupbearer.
This gave Zeus the opportunity to slip Cronus the specially prepared drink. This
worked as planned and the other five children were vomited up. Being gods they
were unharmed. They were thankful to Zeus and made him their leader.
Cronus was yet to be defeated. He and the Titans, except Prometheus,

Epimetheus, and Oceanus, fought to retain their power. Atlas became their
leader in battle and it looked for some time as though they would win and put
the young gods down. However, Zeus was had other plans. He went down to
Tartarus and freed the Cyclopes and the Hecatoncheires. Prometheus joined Zeus
as well. He returned to battle with his new allies. The Cyclopes provided Zeus with
lighting bolts for weapons. The Hecatoncheires he set in ambush armed with
boulders. When the time was right, Zeus retreated drawing the Titans into the
Hecatoncheires's ambush. The Hecatoncheires rained down hundreds of
boulders with such a fury the Titans thought the mountains were falling on them.
They broke and ran giving Zeus victory.
M
Zeus exiled the Titans who had fought against him into Tartarus. All except
for Atlas, who was singled out for the special punishment of holding the world on
his shoulders.
However, even after this victory Zeus was not safe. Gaea, angry that her
children had been imprisoned, gave birth to a last offspring, Typhoeus. Typhoeus
was a creature more terrible than any that had gone before. However, Zeus,
having learned to control thunder and lightning stuck Typhoeus down. Typhoeus
was buried under Mount Etna in Sicily.
Much later a final challenge to Zeus rule was made by the Giants. They
went so far as to attempt to invade Mount Olympus, piling mountain upon
mountain in an effort to reach the top. But, the gods had grown strong and with
the help of Hercules, the Giants were subdued or killed.
Now, the world, having been cleared of all the monsters, was ready for
mankind. Prometheus and Epimetheus were spared imprisonment in Tartarus
because they did not fight with their fellow Titans during the war with the
Olympians. They were given the task of creating man. Epimetheus was in charge
of the task of giving the creatures of the earth their various qualities, such as
swiftness, cunning, strength, fur, wings. Unfortunately, by the time he got to man
Epimetheus had given all the good qualities out and there were none left for man.
So he turned to Prometheus for help. Prometheus took over the task of creation
and sought a way to make man superior. He made man stand upright like the
gods did and gave them fire.
Prometheus loved man more than the Olympians, who had banished most
of his family to Tartarus. Because of Prometheus' love of man, Zeus created
M
women. So when Zeus decreed that man must present a portion of each animal
they sacrificed to the gods, Prometheus decided to trick Zeus. He created two
piles, one with the bones wrapped in juicy fat, and the other with the good meat
hidden in the hide. He then made Zeus pick one pile. Zeus picked the bones. Since
he had given his word, Zeus had to accept that as his share for future sacrifices.
In his anger over the trick, he took fire away from man. However, Prometheus lit a
torch from the sun and brought it back again to man. Zeus was enraged that man
again had fire. He decided to inflict a terrible punishment on both man and
Prometheus.
To punish man, Zeus had Hephaestus create a mortal of stunning beauty.

The gods gave the mortal many gifts of wealth. This creation was Pandora, the
first woman. A final gift was a jar which Pandora was forbidden to open. When
she was completed, Zeus sent her to Epimetheus.
Prometheus had warned Epimetheus not to accept gifts from Zeus but,
Pandora's beauty was too great and he allowed her to stay. Eventually, Pandora's
curiosity about the jar she was forbidden to open became too great. She opened
the jar and out flew plagues, sorrow and mischief for mankind. However, the
bottom of the jar held one good thing - Hope. It was the only good thing in the
jar and remains to this day mankind's sole comfort in misfortune.
However, a greater punishment lay in store for Prometheus. Zeus had his
servants, Force and Violence, seize Prometheus, take him to Caucasus, and chain
him to a rock with unbreakable adamanite chains. Here he was tormented day
and night Zeus gave Prometheus two ways out of this torment. He could tell Zeus
who the mother of the child that would dethrone him was. Or meet two
conditions: First that an immortal must volunteer to die for Prometheus. Second,
M
that a mortal must kill the eagle and unchain him. Eventually, Chiron the Centaur
agreed to die for him and Hercules killed the eagle and unbound him.
Prometheus name has stood through the centuries, from Greek days to our
own as the great rebel against injustice and authority of power.
Synopsis
In the beginning…
 Chaos was everywhere.
 It was shapeless, dark, silent and empty.
 Chaos had two children named Night and Erebus.
 Love was born from Death and Darkness.
Love was Day and Night.
Mother Earth and Father Heaven
 Earth was personified as a woman.
 Heaven was personified as a man.
 Story tellers personified everything that moved or changed.
Winter, Summer, stars, seas etc.
Vague descriptions
Children of Mother Earth and Father Heaven
 Story tellers started getting more precise in personifications.
 Natural forces were described clearly.
 Earth and Heavens children were Gaea and Ouranos.
They were monsters
Gaea and Ouranos
 First creatures who appeared life like.
 Overwhelming strength
Earthquake, volcanoes, hurricanes
M
 Unlike any vision of humans today
 Stories described them like human, yet unhuman.
Other Creatures
 Monstrously huge and strong.
Three of them had 100 hands and 50 heads each.
 Cyclops
One huge eye, center of forehead, like a big wheel
Gigantic and powerful.
 The Titans
Very strong, not destructive.
Father Heaven
 Was portrayed as a bad father.
 Hated the children with many heads and hands.
He imprisoned them inside Earth.
 Cyclops and Titans left to roam Earth.
 Mother Earth was upset at this.
Mother Earth
 She asked for her kids to help her.
 She didn’t want her children to keep getting imprisoned.
 Only a Titan named Cronus would help her.
 Cronus fought his Father Heaven to end the torture.
Cronus
 Went to rule the new found world.
 Had kids with his sister, Queen Rhea.
 One kid named Zeus (Jupiter)
 Cronus ate his children
Didn’t want to be overthrown.
 Rhea helped Zeus escape to Crete.
M
Terrible War
 Cronus against Zeus.
 Titans were conquered.
 Earth gave birth to Typhon.
o He was the most terrible creature of all.
 Zeus gained control of thunder and lightning.
 Many attempts to unseat Zeus.
 Zeus conquered all attempts and then was ruler of all.
World was now ready for mankind.
 World was cleared of monsters.
o Was now safe
 Earth was thought to be a disc.
 Different versions of how people were created.
Mythological Creation Stories
 Version One – Gods delegate creation
 The job was given to Prometheus and Epimetheus by the gods
 Epimetheus (afterthought) was a scatterbrain
o Always changed his mind
o Gave all the good qualities to the animals first
o Had no qualities leftover for humans
 Prometheus (forethought) had to fix the situation
 Took over the job of creating man
 Found a way to make man better than beasts
 Gave man fire to protect
Version two – Gods create man.
 Golden Race – Rich and loved by the gods.
 Silver Race – Little intelligence. Injured each other.
 Brass Race – Terrible and lovers of war. Destroyed themselves.
 Splendid Race – God-like Heroes
M
 Iron Race – Currently upon earth today. Live in evil times and grow evil.
 One common trait between these stories.
o No women
 Prometheus took care of men better than the gods.
 Prometheus cut Ox, separated bones from meat.
 Plate of fat or plate of entrails
The Woman
 Zeus created women later because he was mad.
 Sacrifices were made with fat, not meat
 Zeus wanted revenge
 Created woman (called Pandora)
o An evil to man
o A nature to do evil
Pandora’s Box
 The gods presented Pandora with a box
 The box contained harmful things
 Pandora was sent to Epimetheus
 Pandora told not to open box
 Curiosity got the best of her
o She opened the box and misfortune came out
 Only good to come out was hope
Zeus ties up Prometheus
 Prometheus knew which son of Zeus would dethrone Zeus
 Zeus wanted to know who the mother would be
 Zeus wanted to know who the mother would be
 Prometheus would never tell
 Zeus binds Prometheus to a rock
 Eventually Zeus let him go
M
TEACHING LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Task 1: Unlocking Difficulties
Directions: Use the word bank below to fill in the blanks. After which, formulate
your own sentence using the word. Write your answer on the space provided.
dethrone subdued cupbearer inflict

enraged castrated tormented vomit
banished swaddling sickle flint
1. It is chiefly used as a pigment and in the manufacture of ________ glass.

_______________________________________________________________________________
2. In one corner is the head of a woman wearing a radiant crown, a goddess,
holding a __________.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. Tears in her eyes, she whispered to him as she lifted him, ___________ by the
sound of his whimper.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. A story was even current to prove his manhood he had killed and ________ a
boy belonging to the palace.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. They spent their first months, sometimes a year, bound tightly in __________
bands.
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. After Kent was caught stealing, the manager ___________ the boy from ever
coming in the gas station again.
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. The pettiness of their criticisms ____________ him.
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. They cannot destroy the strong, but they can _____________significant damage.
_______________________________________________________________________________
9. We believe that it may be essential to use force to __________ the ruling class,
but we say that force should not be the major operation.
_______________________________________________________________________________
10. If you're not fond of bright colors, try using muted pastels for a more
___________ look.
_______________________________________________________________________________
M
Task 2: Comprehension Check
Direction: Answer the following questions comprehensively. (5 points each)
1. If you were in Rhea's place, would you have hidden Zeus from Cronus knowing
how risky it was?
2. What is the symbolism behind hope remaining in Pandora's box?
3. Why do you think Zeus was upset about Prometheus bringing fire to man? Do
you think his punishment was justified?
4. In addition to punishing Prometheus for his stealing fire for man, etc.., what other
reason did Zeus chain him to the Caucasus?
5. How did Epimetheus mess up the creation of man?
Rubric: Essay
Criteria 35% 35% 30%

Focus/Main The essay is focused, The essay is The essay focused
Point purposeful, and focused on the on topic and
reflects clear in sight topic and includes few
and ideas. includes relevant loosely related
ideas. ideas.
Support Persuasively supports Supports main Supports main
main point well- point with point with some
developed reason developed underdeveloped
and/or examples. reason and/or reason and/or
examples. examples.
Language Effective and creative Appropriate use Some use of
Use, Style & use of elements of of elements of elements of style
Conventions style to enhance style to and uses with frequent
meaning and uses correct grammar, errors in grammar,
correct grammar, spelling, and spelling, and
spelling, and punctuation. punctuation.
punctuation.
M
SYNTHESIS:
The emphasis on "How the World and Mankind Were Created" is the
mythological explanation for how the Earth formed and humans came into
existence. It explains night and day, love, the Underworld and Heaven, hope
and evil, and how the Gods came into place. Artifacts like fossils may have
influenced their beliefs about Titans, Giants, Cyclopes, and the Typhon and
so on. This is because in their stories, many creatures are much larger than
humans and monster-like. They used many characters and stories to portray
landmarks as well. This could have also led to their belief about larger lifeforms
on Earth before humans.
ASSESSMENT
Directions: Answer the following questions. Write your answer on
the space provided. (2points each)
1. Who was the only one of the children of Mother Earth who
was bold enough to rise up against his father, Heaven?
_________________________________________________________
2. Give the Greek names of Mother Earth and Father Heaven.
_________________________________________________________
3. What were the collective names of the two groups of
monsters produced by Earth and Heaven?
_________________________________________________________
4. What unlikely offspring did Night and Erebus produce?
_________________________________________________________
5. What name did the Greeks give to the formless confusion that
existed before the gods appeared?
_________________________________________________________
6. What Greek poet was the principal authority for the myths of
creation?
_________________________________________________________
7. What Greek tragedian told the story of Prometheus'
punishment?
_________________________________________________________
8. Who were the parents of Pyrrha?
_________________________________________________________
M
9. Who was the father of Deucalion?
_________________________________________________________
10. For how many days and nights did it rain when Zeus sent the
flood?
_________________________________________________________
11. Which were the only two mortals to survive the first flood sent
by Zeus?
_________________________________________________________
12. In what did Deucalion and Pyrrha find refuge from the flood
on the advice of Prometheus?
_________________________________________________________
13. Whose name means "gift of all"?
_________________________________________________________
14. Where did the monster Typhon reside after being defeated
by Zeus?
_________________________________________________________
15. What was the last group to attempt to rebel against the rule
of Zeus?
_________________________________________________________
ASSIGNMENT
Reflection: (30 points)
What explanation for similar occurrences do we uphold

today?
RESOURCES: Book:
Hamilton, Edith (1942). Mythology. New York: Little Brown, and

Company, Print.
Electronic sources:
1. https://www.slideshare.net/marina13171/mythology-how-the-world-and-
mankind-were-created-7846542
2. http://www.classicsunveiled.com/mythnet/html/creation.html
3. https://www.sparknotes.com/lit/mythology/section3/
4. http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-mythology/chapanal003.html#gsc.tab=0
M
“Time shell be the limit of my suffering.”
― Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound and Seven against Thebes.
LEARNING COMPASS

 describe the mythological portrayal of Prometheus;
 articulate about Aeschylus’ treatment of the Prometheus myth in Prometheus
Bound; and
 demonstrate familiarity with “Prometheus and Pandora”.
Directions: These sentences are from the next reading. Use the context of the topic
and the sentence to guess the meaning of the words in bold. Write your answer
on the space provided.
1. But as the Titans were bound by chains, their children remained free to
wander the earth.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. He found them living in caves and in holes of the earth, shivering in the cold
because there was no fire, dying of starvation, hunted by wild beasts and by
one another – the most miserable of all living creatures.
______________________________________________________________________________
M
3. As he was walking by the shore of the sea he found a fennel stalk, and when
he had broken it off he saw that its hollow center was filled with a dry, soft core
which would burn slowly and keep on fire a long time.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. He ordered his blacksmith Vulcan, whose forge was in the crater of a volcano,
to take a lump of clay which he gave him, and mold it into the form of a
woman.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. “Come now!” said Zeus, “let us all give some wonderful gift to this woman;”
and he began by giving her life. Then the others came in their turn, each with a
gift for the remarkable creature.
______________________________________________________________________________
6. They fluttered for a little while about the room and then flew away to find
dwelling-places wherever there were homes.
______________________________________________________________________________
M
DIGGING DEEPER!
Adapted from Old Greek Stories by James Baldwin
In those old, old times, there lived two brothers who were not like other men,
nor yet like those Mighty Ones who lived upon the mountain top of Olympus. They
were the sons of one of those Titans who had fought against Zeus and been sent
in chains to the strong prison of the Underworld, Tartarus. But as the Titans were
bound by chains, their children remained free to wander the earth.
The name of the elder of these brothers was Prometheus, or Forethought;
for he was always thinking of the future and making things ready for what might
happen tomorrow, or next week, or next year, or it may be in a hundred years to
come. The younger was called Epimetheus, or Afterthought; for he was always so
busy thinking of yesterday, or last year, or a hundred years ago, that he had no
care at all for what might come to pass after a while.
Prometheus did not care to live in the clouds on the mountain top. He was
too busy for that. While the gods were spending
their time in idleness, drinking nectar and eating
ambrosia, he was intent upon plans for making
the world wiser and better than it had ever
been before. And so from the clay of the earth,
Prometheus shaped smaller beings that looked
like himself, and created the first men. From
more clay he shaped beings that looked like his
mother and his Titan aunts, and thus he also
“Prometheus Creating Man in Clay,”
created women. His brother Epimetheus was in by Constantin Hansen, circa 1845
charge of creating the animals, and made them fast, gave them fur to keep them
M
warm, and sharp teeth to defend themselves. But gods didn’t need these things,
and so Prometheus didn’t give humans these qualities.
Prometheus went out among men to live with them and help them; for his
heart was filled with sadness when he found that they were no longer happy as
they had been during the golden days when Cronos was king. Ah, how very poor
and pitiful they were! He found them living in caves and in holes of the earth,
shivering in the cold because there was no fire, dying of starvation, hunted by wild
beasts and by one another – the most miserable of all living creatures.
“If they only had fire,” said Prometheus to himself, “they could at least warm
themselves and cook their food; and after a while they could learn to make tools
and build themselves houses. Without fire, they are worse off than the beasts.”
Then he bravely approached Zeus and begged him to give fire to men, so that
they might have a little comfort through the long, dreary months of winter.
“Not a spark will I give,” said Zeus. “No, indeed! If men had fire, they might
become strong and wise like us, and after a while they would drive us out of our
kingdom. Let them shiver in the cold, and let them live like the beasts. It is best for
them to be poor and ignorant, that so we gods may thrive and be happy.”
Prometheus made no answer, but he had set his heart on helping mankind, and
he did not give up. He turned away and left Zeus and his mighty company forever.
As he was walking by the shore of the sea he found a fennel stalk, and
when he had broken it off he saw that its hollow center was filled with a dry, soft
core which would burn slowly and keep on fire a long time. He took the long stalk
in his hands, and started walking. “Mankind shall have fire in spite of the tyrant
who sits on the mountain top,” he said.
He reached the place of the sun in the early morning just as the glowing,
golden sphere was rising from the earth and beginning his daily journey through
the sky. He touched the end of the long stalk to the flames, and the dry core
M
caught on fire and burned slowly. Then he turned and hurried back to his own
land, carrying with him the precious spark hidden in the hollow center of the plant.
He called some of the shivering men from their caves

and built a fire for them, and showed them how to warm
themselves by it and how to build other fires from the coals.
Soon there was a cheerful blaze in every home in the land,
and men and women gathered around it and were warm
and happy, and thankful to Prometheus for the wonderful
gift which he had brought to them from the sun.
It was not long until they learned to cook their food

“Prometheus Brings Fire to
and so to eat like men instead of like beasts. They began at Mankind”, by Heinrich Füger,
1817,
once to leave behind their wild and savage habits; and
instead of hiding in the dark places of the world, they came out into the open air
and the bright sunlight, and were glad because life had been given to them.
After that, Prometheus taught them, little by little, a thousand things. He

showed them how to build houses of wood and stone, and how to tame sheep
and cattle and make them useful, and how to plow and sow and reap, and how
to protect themselves from the storms of winter and the beasts of the woods. Then
he showed them how to dig in the earth for copper and iron, and how to melt
the ore, and how to hammer it into shape and fashion from it the tools and
weapons which they needed in peace and war; and when he saw how happy
the world was becoming he cried out: “A new Golden Age shall come, brighter
and better by far than the old!”
Things might have gone on very happily indeed, and the Golden Age might
really have come again, had it not been for Zeus. But one day, when he
happened to look down upon the earth, he saw the fires burning, and the people
living in houses, and the farms with animals feeding on the hills, and the grain
ripening in the fields, and this made him very angry.
M
“Who has done all this?” he asked. And
someone answered, “Prometheus!” “Well, I will punish
him in a way that will make him wish I had shut him up
in the prison with his parents. But as for those worthless
humans, let them keep their fire. I will make them ten
times more miserable than they were before they had
Art Deco style Prometheus on the
it.” Cincinnati Bell Equipment Building in
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Of course, it would be easy enough to deal with Prometheus at any time,

and so Zeus was in no great hurry to do it. He made up his mind to make mankind
suffer first, and he thought of a plan for doing it in a very strange, indirect way.
In the first place, he ordered his blacksmith Vulcan, whose forge was in the
crater of a volcano, to take a lump of clay which he gave him, and mold it into
the form of a woman. Vulcan did as he was ordered, and when he had finished
the statue, he carried it up to Zeus, who was sitting among the clouds with all the
gods around him. It was nothing but an ordinary lifeless body, but the great
blacksmith had given it a form more perfect than that of any statue that has ever
been made.
“Come now!” said Zeus, “let us all give some wonderful gift to this woman;”
and he began by giving her life. Then the others came in their turn, each with a
gift for the remarkable creature. One gave her beauty; and another a lovely
voice; and another good manners; and another a kind heart; and another skill in
many arts; and, lastly, someone gave her curiosity. Then they called her Pandora,
which means the “all-gifted”, because she had received gifts from them all.
M
The Creation of Pandora, by John D. Batten, 1913 Pandora’s Box
Pandora was so beautiful and so talented that no one could help loving
her. When the gods had admired her for a time, they gave her to the messenger
Hermes, and he led her down the mountain side to the place where Prometheus
and his brother were living and working hard for the good of mankind. He met
Epimetheus first, and said to him: “Epimetheus, here is a beautiful woman whom
Zeus has sent to you to be your wife.”
Prometheus had often warned his brother to beware of any gift that Zeus
might send, for he knew that the mighty tyrant could not be trusted; but when
Epimetheus saw Pandora, how lovely and wise she was, he forgot all warnings,
and took her home to live with him and be his wife.
Pandora was very happy in her new home; and even Prometheus, when
he saw her, was happy with her loveliness. She had brought with her a golden
box, which Zeus had given her before she left Olympus, and which he had told
her held many precious things, but wise Athena had warned her never, never to
open it, nor look at the things inside.
“They must be jewels,” she said to herself; and then she thought of how they
would add to her beauty if only she could wear them. “Why did Zeus give them
to me if I should never use them, nor even look at them?” she asked.
M
The more she thought about the golden box, the more curious she was to
see what was in it; and every day she took it down from its shelf and felt of the lid,
and tried to examine inside of it without opening it.
“Why should I care about what Athena told me?” she said at last. “She is
not beautiful, and jewels would be useless to her. I think I will look at them anyway.
Athena will never know. Nobody will ever know.”
She opened the lid a little, just to peek inside. All at once there was a buzzing,
rustling sound, and before she could shut it down again, out
flew ten thousand strange creatures with death-like faces
and bony and horrible forms that nobody in all the world
had ever seen. They fluttered for a little while about the room
and then flew away to find dwelling-places wherever there
were homes. They were diseases and cares; until that time
mankind had not had any kind of sickness, nor felt any
troubles of mind, nor worried about what tomorrow might Pandora opening the
box, by Arthur Rackham
bring. (1867–1939)
These creatures flew into every house, and, without anyone seeing them,
nestled down in the minds and souls of men and women and children, and put
an end to all their joy, and ever since that day they have been fluttering and
creeping, unseen and unheard, over all the land, bringing pain and sadness and
death into every household.
M
All that was left inside the box, lying in the bottom, was hope. Hope was the
only thing that remained. It’s a shame that hope never left the box. And this was
the way in which Zeus sought to make mankind more miserable
than they had been before Prometheus had created them.
But Zeus didn’t forget about punishing Prometheus

himself. He had Prometheus chained to a rock where an eagle
would come and eat his liver, which was thought to be where
emotions lie according to the ancient Greeks. Every day his liver
would grow back, and every day the eagle would return to eat
Prometheus Bound, by
it once more. Gustave Moreau, 1868.
This sculpture was made by Paul Manship in 1934, and it sits in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Behind the
sculpture it says, “Prometheus, teacher in every art, brought the fire that hath proved to mortals a means to mighty
ends.” Photo credits: Son of Groucho on Flickr,
M
Direction: Write your answer based on the previous reading. (2points each)
1. Who is Prometheus?
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Who is Epimetheus?
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. What did Prometheus want to give to humans although Zeus disagreed?
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. How did Prometheus give this gift to humans anyway?
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. How did Zeus punish mankind for Prometheus’ betrayal?
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. How did Zeus later punish Prometheus?
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. Who is Pandora?
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. What was the deal with the box she had?
_______________________________________________________________________________
9. What happened when she opened the box?
_______________________________________________________________________________
10. What remained at the bottom of the box?
_______________________________________________________________________________
Rubric: Essay

ideas. ideas.
examples. examples.
M
punctuation.
Task 2: Vocabulary from the Stories
Direction: Answer the following questions about words and phrases that come
from the story. (10 points each)
1. Read the following from the Merriam-Webster Dictionary about the word
“Promethean”:
2. Sometimes a famous inventor is called “a modern-day Prometheus”. Many

people say Steve Jobs was like Prometheus. Who do you think is a modern-day
Prometheus, and why?
3. Do you know about Pandora Radio? Read below about their website. Why did
they name their company after Pandora? (from: www.pandora.com/about)
4. The “pan” in Pandora means “all”. We use this prefix in quite a few words in
English. Look up the definition of these “pan” words and use them in a sentence.
Panacea (who is also a Greek goddess!)
Pandemic
Panorama
Pangaea (Pan + Gaea, do you remember her?)
M
Pancultural
Panoptic
Pandemonium
5. Do you know about the Pandora jewelry store?

Why do you think they named this company
“Pandora”?
6. According to Wikipedia, “Today the phrase ‘to
open Pandora’s box’ means to perform an
action that may seem small or innocent, but that
turns out to have severely detrimental and far-
reaching negative consequences.”
7. What are personal examples of “opening
Pandora’s box” you can give? What could be
some political or scientific topics that “open Photo by Charity Davenport
Pandora’s box?
Task 3: Analyzing Cartoons
Discuss the meaning of the following cartoons. What topics are they talking
about in the cartoons below? What do you know about the topic? How does
it connect to the stories of Prometheus and Pandora?
M
You can read more of Mark’s comics about Prometheus: https://prometheuscomic.wordpress.com/
SYNTHESIS:
Prometheus is most notable for his heroic strength. Although Zeus

severely punishes the very Titan who helped him come to power, Prometheus
never yields to the god’s threats. Hamilton notes that despite slight variations
on the Prometheus tale, his reputation remains intact; he is a “rebel against
injustice and the authority of power.”
In this way, the myths present an important aspect of the Greek
conception of a hero: the ability to suffer immense challenges. As we meet
other heroes in later tales, other aspects of a hero's character will come out.
M
With Prometheus, the story emphasizes his quiet resolve and incredible
strength. This humanizes the hero, making him humble and decent, as any
reader of the myth might want to be.
Mankind enjoys few or none of the external benefits enjoyed by animals,
such as fur coats or protective shells. Instead, humans have been given fire,
representing human power over energy. Human ingenuity is necessary to
convert fire and energy to human purposes. Fire is a heavenly gift, having
come from the sun and from a god.
ASSESSMENT
Directions: Answer the following questions. (10points each)
1. What two phenomena does this story try to explain?
2. What do you think is the moral of the story? (That is, what is the
lesson to learn?)
3. Google “Promethean World”, which is an educational

company. Then answer the following questions about your
findings.
a. What do they provide?
b. What do you notice about this company’s logo?
c. Why do you think this company is named after
Prometheus?
ASSIGNMENT
Explain your answer comprehensively. (30 points)
What similarities and differences do you see between the

Prometheus-Pandora story and the Adam-and-Eve story?
RESOURCES: Book:

Company, Print.
Electronic sources:
1. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pandora-Greek-mythology
M
2.https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/jan/12/greekmyths.greekmythsfeatures4
3 https://www.shmoop.com/study-guides/mythology/prometheus-pandora/summary
4. https://www.tell-a-tale.com/prometheus-and-pandora/
5.https://greekerthanthegreeks.com/2018/01/prometheus-pandoras-box-and-why-
in.html
M
LESSON 3. Story of Deucalion and Pyrrha
“We two [Deucalion and Pyrrha, after the deluge] form a

multitude.[Lat., Nos duo turba sumus.]
-OVID
Read more at https://www.brainyquote.com/topics/history-
quotes.”
LEARNING COMPASS Walt Disney

 examine the artistic characteristics of Deucalion and Pyrrha;
 compare and contrast a variety of flood stories from around the world; and
 write a flood story composed of similar elements of flood stories from around the
world as a class.
DIGGING DEEPER!
Deucalion and Pyrrha
The story of Deucalion and Pyrrha resembles a lot to the Biblical story of
Noah's Ark. This is the version of the ancient Greeks in their attempt to purify the
M
old world from its sins and give birth to a new race of human. The amazing thing
is the similarities between the two stories, as both of them use a disastrous flood as
a means to make the humankind extinct. The few people that are saved from the
flood have managed to do so in a boat and many days after the rain had
stopped did they manage to step on land.
The purest people on Earth
While the Titan Prometheus was bound and chained atop Mount Caucasus
for stealing fire from Zeus, the world below and its peoples were in bad moral
situation. Greed, anger, jealousy and hate would exist among people ever since
Pandora had opened that forbidden box, from where all evils went out. The Gods
were angry at the humans because, apart from their unacceptable behavior,
they would also forget to pray to their names and honor them with sacrifices. That
is why Zeus decided to destroy all humankind.
Only two people would seem right: Deucalion, who was the son of
Prometheus, known for his rightful character and good advice, and his wife,
Pyrrha, a very fair lady. The Gods had perceived them to be the most righteous
amongst the men and women on Earth and had chosen them to be the only
survivors of that catastrophe that was about to befall on every man and animal.
One day, while visiting his father Prometheus, Deucalion was told by his
father that a great flood was about to devastate and wash away everything on
earth for people had forgotten the purpose of their creation. Alarmed at this dire
warning, Deucalion hastened back to Pyrrha and telling her of the impending
doom, they constructed a boat together and were making themselves ready for
the disaster.
M
The Great Flood
A strange uncomfortable silence descended upon the surroundings. There

was not a breath of wind to be felt. Without warning, the storm unleashed its fury
upon the poor people lashing them
severely. Deucalion and Pyrrha got
quickly into the boat and soon the flood
carried them away. The rain was raging
for days and nights and all fell to the
wrath of the Gods, only Deucalion and
Pyrrha aboard the boat were kept safe.
The fury of the storm stopped only when all around was only water, not a
tree or mountain could be seen. The boat was drifting for days while the water
slowly drained away and finally the day came when it rested on dry land, atop
Mount Parnassos, close to the area of Delphi. Dismay struck the hearts of
Deucalion and Pyrrha as their eyes fell upon the destruction and devastation
caused by the flood.
Such was their grief that tears were rolling from their eyes with no stop. Then
Hermes, the messenger of the gods, unable to bear their sadness appeared
before them and told them to wipe the tears from their eyes and without looking
back, "to throw the bones of their mother over their shoulders".
At first the two were puzzled at this cryptic message but Deucalion found
the solution: the "mother" was the Earth and the "bones" were the stones.
Deucalion and Pyrrha gathered all the stones together and while they were
walking, they threw the stones behind them without looking.
M
As from a miracle, the stones hit the earth and were turned into humans:
those thrown by Deucalion became handsome men and those thrown by Pyrrha
became fair women. It was thus that the two survivors of the great flood re-
populated the earth and once again they emerged a human race. Deucalion
reigned over them as a wise king and Pyrrha was their queen.

Task 1: Life Connections
Directions: Identify three new words in the story, list these, define them, and then
write examples of how each word is connected to your life.
Example:
Vocabulary Word: Wave
Life Connections:
My brother and I looked at waves on a vacation trip. We watched as wave after
wave hit the sandy beach near our beach house on South Padre Island.
Task 2: Concept Map

Directions: To begin a concept map, pick a big topic in the story, by putting the
idea into a circle. Use lines to show the relationships between the ideas or concepts
in the circles in the map.
Example:
M
Comprehension Check
1. How does the Deucalion and Pyrrha story apply today?
2. What is the moral of the story of Deucalion and Pyrrha?
3. How did Deucalion and Pyrrha repopulate the world?
4. Why are Deucalion and Pyrrha spared?
Rubric: Essay

ideas. ideas.
examples. examples.
punctuation.
SYNTHESIS:
Myths are often equal parts truth and fantasy, and if they are not, there
is usually an underlying lesson or moral relevant to their ancient audiences
M
hidden in their words. It is reasonable to believe that there was some great,
water-related disaster in ancient times, solely based on the fact that almost
every culture has an account of an event. Most likely the best reason the
Ancient Greeks could come up with for such an event. Did the flood really
wipe out every human except two people? Also unlikely. The probability of
such a clean extinction, of all of a race being wiped out except for one
"innocent" man and woman, is incredibly low. The whole idea of only two of
a species being left in the whole world is an exaggeration, with the purpose
of showing exactly how tremendous the scope of this disaster was.
Another incredulous idea presented in this myth is the idea that stones
thrown by Deucalion and Pyrrha transformed into a new race of pure, sinless
humans. Obviously, this is one of the more fantastical elements of the myth,
but it relates one of the myth's underlying truths. While Zeus was angered with
humanity and wished for its obliteration, he and the other gods were lenient
enough to let the humans have another chance at life. This theme of godly
love and forgiveness is one that also carries over to the Christian tale of
Noah's Ark. The main message that can be found in this, and any other flood
myth, is that evil ways will bring punishment from the gods, but, in their eyes,
humanity important enough to be given a second chance.
ASSESSMEN
T Directions: Answer the following questions. Write your answer on the
space provided. (2points each)
1. What, exactly, is true in this story?

_____________________________________________________________
2. Was the cause of this catastrophe truly the anger of the gods, as
Ovid suggests?
_____________________________________________________________
3. Did the flood really wipe out every human except two people?
_____________________________________________________________
4. What is Deucalion the god of?
_____________________________________________________________
M
5. What does Pyrrha mean?
_____________________________________________________________
6. Why is Deucalion a hero?
_____________________________________________________________
7. What objects were Pyrrha and Deucalion instructed to throw over
their shoulders?
_____________________________________________________________
8. How did Deucalion and Pyrrha survive the flood?
_____________________________________________________________
9. What is the answer to the riddle given to Deucalion and Pyrrha by
the Goddess?
_____________________________________________________________
10. Who according to Greek myth survived the great flood?
_____________________________________________________________
Rubric: Essay

Focus/Main The essay is The essay is The essay
Point focused, focused on focused on topic
purposeful, and the topic and and includes few
reflects clear in includes loosely related
sight and ideas. relevant ideas.
ideas.
Support Persuasively Supports main Supports main
supports main point with point with some
point well- developed underdeveloped
developed reason and/or reason and/or
reason and/or examples. examples.
examples.
Language Effective and Appropriate Some use of
Use, Style & creative use of use of elements of style
Conventions elements of elements of with frequent
style to style to and errors in
enhance uses correct grammar,
meaning and grammar, spelling, and
uses correct spelling, and punctuation.
grammar, punctuation.
spelling, and
punctuation.
M
ASSIGNMEN
T Reflect on the following questions: (10 points each)
1. What similarities and differences do you notice about the flood

stories?
2. Why do you think so many different cultures share similar stories?
3. Can you think of any other stories that are similar across cultures
and time periods?
RESOURCES: Book:

Company, Print.
Electronic sources:
1. https://www.greeka.com/sterea/delphi/myths/deucalion-pyrrha/
2. http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/flood-myths.html
3.https://global.oup.com/us/companion.websites/9780195397703/student/materials/chapt
er4/summary/
4. https://www.thoughtco.com/flood-myth-of-deucalion-and-pyrrha-119917
5. http://brfencing.org/honors311/Myths_files/GrkFlood.pdf
M
LESSON 4. Stories of Love and Adventure (Greek and Roman)
“The mind knows only what lies near the heart.”

― Edith Hamilton, Mythology
LEARNING COMPASS

 interpret the connection between Cupid And Pysche;
 identify the significance of trust in our lives; and
 value things they have now.

Explain your answer in more than 15 sentences. (20points)
Have you been in love? What are the things you can do to express your love to
him/her?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
M
DIGGING DEEPER!
Cupid and Psyche
About the Author

Apuleius (/ˌæpjʉˈliːəs/; also called Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis, Berber:
Afulay; c. 125 – c. 180 C.E.) was a Latin-language prose writer. He was a Numidian
Berber and lived during the Roman period. He was from Madaurus (now
M'Daourouch, Algeria). He studied Platonist philosophy in Athens; travelled to
Italy, Asia Minor and Egypt; and was an initiate in several cults or mysteries. The
most famous incident in his life was when he was accused of using magic to gain
the attentions (and fortune) of a wealthy widow. He declaimed and then
distributed a witty tour de force in his own defense before the proconsul and a
court of magistrates convened in Sabratha, near ancient Tripoli, Libya. This is
known as the Apologia.
Characters of the Story
* Psyche- Human girl of unusual beauty

* Cupid (Eros) - Roman God of Love and Son of Venus (Aphrodite)
* Venus (Aphrodite) - God of Love and Beauty, Mother of Cupid
* Psyche’s two sisters
* The King, Psyche’s father
* Ants who help her sort the seeds
* Green Reed that told her how to get the Golden Fleece
* Cerberus
* Charon
* Eagle who helped her get the water from the River Styx
* Persephone
* Jupiter (Zeus)
M
Psyche Cupid Venus a king and queen have three daughters. The two older
princesses are attractive and beautiful but the youngest princess was absolutely
gorgeous, Psyche. People throughout the land worship her beauty so deeply that
they even forget about the goddess, Venus (Aphrodite). They even start saying
that Psyche is more beautiful than her. Venus became angry that her temples are
falling to ruin, and plan to ruin Psyche. She instructed her son, Cupid (Eros), to go
and punish Psyche to make her fall in love in the ugliest man alive. Cupid went
into Psyche’s bedroom to do his Mother’s order. But when he saw Psyche in her
radiant glory, he accidentally pricked himself with his arrow. Cupid fell instantly in
love with Psyche. Meanwhile, Psyche’s life continues on as casual but since Venus
ordered Cupid to curse her, nobody ever falls in love with Psyche. Her two sisters
got married, but Psyche don’t. The king got worried about Psyche’s future. He
traveled to an oracle of Apollo to ask his advice. Not knowing, Cupid had told
him the whole story and begged for his help. Apollo instructed her to go to the
top of the rocky hill where she will marry not a man, but a fearful-winged serpent
or monster. The king followed the instructions of Apollo, and leave Psyche and
mourned all of their days for her. Psyche waiting on the hilltop and not knowing
something terrible to happen, and there she wept. Zephyr, sweetest and mildest
of winds, comes, and lifts her, carrying the princess gently from the hill top down
to a beautiful field of flowers.
She woke beside a bright river, and discovered a stunning mansion. She
heard a voice that told her that the palace and all amazing things in it is hers.
Psyche relaxed and enjoyed fine food and luxurious treatment. At night, her
husband comes to her bedroom.
One day, her husband told her that her sisters have been crying for her.
Psyche begged to see them, but her husband replies that it is not good to do so.
Psyche insists and Cupid agreed. But he warned her that no one should try to seek
to see him. Psyche promised that she will never do so. The next morning, her sisters
M
came. They become extremely jealous of Psyche’s beautiful mansion and lush
quarters, and started asking about her husband. At first, Psyche lied and said that
his husband was a handsome young man who spends all day hunting in the
mountains, but still her sisters keep on asking questions about him. At night, her
husband warned her again once more but Psyche wouldn’t listen when he
begged her not to let them come again. The next day, her sisters came again.
Psyche admitted that she never seen her husband and he only comes at night.
The jealous sisters remind Psyche of the prophecy. They convinced their sister that
she have to see what husband looks like.
Confused and conflicted, that very night, Psyche turns on a lamp with a
knife. When she saw the beautiful Cupid asleep on her bed, she was distracted
and that she let a drop of oil fell and burned on Cupid’s skin. Cupid woke up and
saw his wife standing there with lamp and knife. He bade farewell to her “Love
cannot live where there is no trust.” He flew away and told her that she’ll never
see him again. Psyche regretted about what she had done. She told herself that
she’ll find Cupid even it took of it the rest of her life, so that she can show her love
to him. Venus knew about what happened and she determined to show her
displeasure. Psyche searched everywhere. She even offered ardent prayers to
win Gods over her side, but no one of them wants to make Venus to be their
enemy. Psyche decided to offer herself to Venus to her Servant, and hope fully
see Cupid. When Psyche came into Venus, the goddess laughed and asked her
scornfully if she’s seeking for her husband that almost died of burning wound had
given. Psyche told her that she will do everything for her as servant. Venus told her
that she has must prove her worthy to be Cupid’s wife by completing a task.
Venus took Psyche to a heap of seeds and told her that she must sort them all in
one night’s time, if she want to see Cupid again. Psyche knew it’s impossible to
do it. Suddenly, the ants had pitied on her and helped her. They sorted the seeds.
Venus returned and told her that it didn’t count, because she knew that Psyche
couldn’t do it herself.
M
The next day, Venus gibed her her another task. Psyche must collect
Golden Fleece from the back of very sheep in a herd that hangs out by a river.
She was about to bend over the water, when she heard a little voice from a green
reed. It advised her to wait them until they came out of the bushes to rest beside
the river, she could go into the thicket and find plenty of the golden wool hanging
on the sharp Gears.
Psyche followed the directions, and collected the wool. Venus still not
satisfied. She ordered Psyche to fill a flask from the mouth of River of Styx. When
Psyche reached the head of the river, she realizes that this task seemed impossible
because the rocks was so dangerous. That time, an eagle helped her and filled
the flask. Venus still does not give in.
She challenged Psyche to go into the Underworld and have Proserpine to

put some her beauty in a box. Psyche was really upset on how to go to to the
land of Dead. She found her guide and now, she could go there by not killing
herself. First through a great hole in the earth, then down to the river of Death. She
must give a penny to the ferry man, Charon & take her across.
She must give a cake to Cerberus, the vicious three-headed dog who
guarded the doors.
Psyche made it to Proserpine and told her that Venus wanted to have some
of her beauty. On her way back, Psyche was curious about the box. She opened
the box and found nothing. When Psyche takes off the lid, she plunged into a
deep sleep. Meanwhile, Cupid looked for Psyche and found her sleeping. He
awakened her, put the sleeping spell back in the box. He bade her to take
Proserpine’s box to his mother and assured her that all thereafter would be well.
He went straight to Jupiter and asked to do something so that Venus would give
no more trouble. Jupiter announced to all, including Venus, That Cupid and
M
Psyche were formally married. They made Psyche a Goddess. So all came to most
happy ending. Cupid and Psyche had sought, found each other, and that union
could never be broken. Proserpine Cupid and Psyche.
M
Task 1: Unlocking Difficulties
Directions: Define the underlined word in each sentence.
1. The unique homage that we grant to Olympic athletes was a success.

______________________________________________________________________________
2. The old view that any unmarried woman who lived on her own was a hussy.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. The lamentable cries of the women for their slain sons were heard throughout
the village.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. The crowds were awestruck by the aerial feats of the stunt pilots.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Without any explanation, the managing editor summoned me to his office.
______________________________________________________________________________
6. The King conducted a royal banquet last night at the palace.
______________________________________________________________________________
7. The poor wretch lost his job.
______________________________________________________________________________
8. He made ardent declarations of love to the woman she hoped to marry.
______________________________________________________________________________
9. The beach was packed with sunbathers wallowing in the languor brought on by
a scorching summer day.
______________________________________________________________________________
1. Why was Venus (a goddess), so jealous of Psyche (a mortal)?
2. What did Venus tell her son Cupid to do to Psyche?
3. How did Psyche feel about going to meet her destined husband? How did the
rest of her family feel? Why?
4. Where was Psyche taken when she went to the hilltop? What was surprising
about the atmosphere that she was in and the way that she was treated?
M
5. How did Psyche's sisters react when they went to visit her and saw all of her
wealth?
Rubric: Essay

ideas. ideas.
examples. examples.
punctuation.
SYNTHESIS:
This story centers on the power of true love. Psyche first doubts that love,
feeling that she must see Cupid in the flesh. She later redeems herself many
times over when she proves her commitment, overcoming all obstacles in her
way. Figuratively, love (Cupid) and the soul ("psyche" is the Greek word for
the soul) belong together in an inseparable union. When Cupid sees Psyche,
the soul in its beauty, he immediately wants to join with her. Somehow, this
beauty is admired by men but does not lead to the kind of love that
eventuates in a marriage proposal. But Cupid is able to fully appreciate
Psyche’s beauty.
M
ASSESSMENT
Directions: Answer the following questions. Write your answer on

the space provided. (2points each)
1. How many daughters did the king have?

___________________________________________________________
2. Who was the most beautiful maiden that even Venus really
envied?
___________________________________________________________
3. Where did the king bring Psyche to meet his husband?
___________________________________________________________
4. Who was the husband of Cupid?
___________________________________________________________
5. What time of the Day Cupid sleeps with Psyche?
___________________________________________________________
6. Who forced Psyche to look at her husband?
___________________________________________________________
7. What is the Third task did Venus gave Psyche?
___________________________________________________________
8. Who helped Psyche to sort the seeds?
___________________________________________________________
9. What was the name of the ferryman in the Underworld?
___________________________________________________________
10. Who helped Cupid and Psyche to stop Venus making
trouble?
_________________________________________________________
Supplementary items: (3points each)
1. Who are the protagonists and antagonist of the story?
2. How did Cupid fall in love with Psyche?
3. What happened to Cupid’s skin? Who did unintentionally

burned it?
4. What are tasks did Venus gave to Psyche?
5. If you are Psyche, will you do the same thing? Why or why
not?
M
ASSIGNMENT
Reflection: (30 points)
What is the moral lesson of the story?
RESOURCES: Book:

Company, Print.
Electronic sources:
1. https://www.pitt.edu/~dash/cupid.html
2. https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/mythical/psyche.html
3. https://www.ancient-origins.net/myths-legends-europe/ancient-fairy-tale-cupid-
and-psyche-where-love-endures-against-all-odds-003393
4. https://www.thoughtco.com/cupid-and-psyche-117895
5. https://www.thoughtco.com/the-myth-of-cupid-and-psyche-117892
M
LEARNING COMPASS

 describe the various types of conflict evident in the selection;
 determine how the plot of a story develops; and
 identify the values reflected in various text types in world literature.

Explain your answer in more than 15 sentences. (20points)
What kind of love was shared by the two main characters in the story?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
M
DIGGING DEEPER!
Pyramus and Thisbe
Once upon a time the deep red berries of the mulberry tree were as white
as snow. The change in color came about strangely and sadly. The death of the
two young lovers was the cause.
Pyramus and Thisbe, he the most beautiful youth and she the loveliest maiden of
all the East, lived in Babylon, the city of Queen Semiramis, in houses so close
together that one wall was common to both. Growing up thus side by side they
learned to love each other. They longed to marry, but their parents forbade. Love,
however, cannot be forbidden. The more that flame is covered up, the hotter it
burns. Also love can always find a way. It was impossible that those two whose
hearts were on fire should be kept apart.
In the wall both houses shared there was a little chink. No one before had
noticed it, but there is nothing a lover does not notice. Our two young people
discovered it and through it they were able to whisper sweetly back and forth.
Thisbe on the side, Pyramus on the other. The hateful wall that separated them
had become their means of reaching each other. “But for you we could touch,
kiss,” they would say. “But at least you let us speak together. You give a passage
for loving words to reach loving ears. We are not ungrateful.” So they would talk,
and as night came on and they must part, each would press on the wall kisses
that could not go through to the lips on the other side.
Every morning when the dawn had put out the stars, and the sun’s rays had
dried the hoarfrost on the grass, they would steal to the crack and, standing there,
now utter words of burning love and now lament their hard fate, but always in
softest whispers. Finally, a day came when they could endure no longer. They
decided that very night they would try to slip away and steal out through the city
M
into the open country where at last they could be together in freedom. They
agreed to meet at a well-known place, the Tomb of Ninus, under a tree there, a
tall mulberry full of snow-white berries, near which a cool spring bubbled up. The
plan pleased them and it seemed to seem the day would never end.
At last, the sun sank into the sea and night arose. In the darkness, Thisbe
crept out and made her way in all secrecy to the tomb. Pyramus had not come;
still she waited for him, her love making her bold. But of a sudden, she saw by the
light of a moon, a lioness. The fierce beast had made a kill; her jaws were bloody
and she was coming to slake her thirst in the spring. She was still far away from
Thisbe to escape, but as she fled she dropped her cloak. The lioness came upon
it on her way back to her lair and she mouthed it and tore it before disappearing
into the woods. That is what Pyramus saw when he appeared a few minutes later.
Before him, lay the bloodstained shreds of the cloak and clear in the dust were
the tracks of the lioness. The conclusion was inevitable. He never doubted that he
knew all. Thisbe was dead. He had let his love, a tender maiden, come alone to
a place full of danger, and not been there first to protect her. “It is I who had killed
you,” he said. He lifted up from the trampled dust what was left of the cloak and
kissing it again and again carried it to the mulberry tree. “Now,” he said, “you shall
drink my blood too.” He drew his sword and plunged it into his side. The blood
spurted up over the berries and dyed them dark red.
Thisbe, although terrified of the lioness, was still more afraid to fail her lover.
She ventured to go back to the tree of the tryst, the mulberry with the shining
white fruit. She could not find it. A tree was there, but not one gleam of white was
on its branches. As she stared at it, something moved on the ground beneath.
She started back shuddering. But in a moment, peering through the shadows, she
saw what was there. It was Pyramus, bathed in blood and dying. She flew to him
and threw her arms around him. She kissed his cold lips and begged him to look
at her, to speak to her. “It is I, your Thisbe, your dearest,” she cried to him. At the
M
sound of her name he opened his heavy eyes for one look. Then death closed
them.
She saw his sword fallen from his hand and beside it her cloak stained and
torn. She understood all. Your own hand killed you,” she said, “and your love for
me. I too can be brave. I too can love. Only death would have had the power to
too can be brave. I too can love. Only death would have had the power to
separate us. It shall not have that power now.” She plunged into her heart the
sword that was still wet with his life’s blood.
The gods were pitiful at the end and the lover’s parents too. The deep red
fruit of the mulberry is the everlasting memorial of these true lovers, and one urn
holds, the ashes of the two whom not even death could part.

Task 1: Vocabulary development
Directions: Arrange the letters into words. Give the meaning and formulate your own
sentence.
1. knhci
2. roahstfor
3. netaml
4. dlob
5. aslek
6. kaloc
7. iral
8. bleatevini
9. gnierdudhs
10.edrtusp
Think about what the characters value
M
Use the following to compare the characters’ values with yours.
What are values? Where do values come from?
List of your values: These values come from:
List of the characters’ values. These values came from:
Task 3: Story Map
Direction: Create a story map.
SYNTHESIS:
M
The tale is about two Babylonian lovers, Pyramus and Thisbe. Their families
have lived as neighbors in Babylon all their lives. As Pyramus and Thisbe grow up,
they fall in love. Unfortunately, the young lovers’ families hate each other and
forbid them to get married. This forbidding by the families only makes the two fall
more deeply in love.
They find a crack in the wall that separates their houses, and through it, they
whisper and profess their love for each other. Finally, Pyramus and Thisbe can no
longer stand being apart and decide to elope. They create a plan to sneak out
of their houses separately that night and to meet at the tomb of Ninus under a
mulberry tree that grows inside the tomb.
ASSESSMENT
Directions: Answer the following questions. Write your answer on the

space provided. (3points each)
1. What are the realistic themes and issues in the story?
2. Do they have something to do with growing up, peer pressure,

friendships, family relationships, survival, etc?
3. Discuss two themes that the story has explored.
4. Why couldn’t Pyramus and Thisbe meet?
5. Where did they decide to meet secretly?
6. What did Thisbe wear and why?
7. What did Thisbe see near the mulberry tree, and what did she do when
she saw it?
8. What did Pyramus find near the mulberry tree, and what did he think
about it?
9. What did Thisbe do when she found Pyramus?
M
10. What natural phenomenon is this story trying to explain?
Rubric

Focus/Main The essay is The essay is The essay
Point focused, focused on the focused on
purposeful, and topic and topic and
reflects clear in includes includes few
sight and ideas. relevant ideas.loosely related
ideas.
Support Persuasively Supports main Supports main
supports main point point with point with
well-developed developed some
reason and/or reason and/or underdevelope
examples. examples. d reason
and/or
examples.
Language Effective and Appropriate Some use of
Use, Style & creative use of use of elements elements of
Convention elements of style to of style to and style with
s enhance meaning uses correct frequent errors
and uses correct grammar, in grammar,
grammar, spelling, spelling, and spelling, and
and punctuation. punctuation. punctuation.
ASSIGNMENT
Read the story of Orpheus and Euridyce and write your

reflection.
RESOURCES: Book:

Company, Print.
Electronic sources:
M
1.https://cmes.arizona.edu/sites/cmes.arizona.edu/files/The%20Love%20Story%20of%20Pyramus
%20and%20Thisbe.pdf
2. http://englishiva1011.pbworks.com/f/PYRAMUS.PDF
3. https://www.theholidayspot.com/valentine/stories/pyramus_thisbe.htm
4. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pyramus

Attachment 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Attachment 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Republic of the Philippines

Surigao del Sur State University

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 1

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 2

“Human history becomes more and more a race between

LEARNING COMPASS Walt Disney

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

PRE-TEST: LET’S BEGIN!

Short essay, paragraph form. Write legibly.

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 3

This story is written by both Aeschylus and Hesiod.

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 4

Cronus was yet to be defeated. He and the Titans, except Prometheus,

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 5

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 6

To punish man, Zeus had Hephaestus create a mortal of stunning beauty.

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 7

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 8

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 9

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 10

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 11

Task 1: Unlocking Difficulties

dethrone subdued cupbearer inflict

banished swaddling sickle flint

1. It is chiefly used as a pigment and in the manufacture of ________ glass.

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 12

Direction: Answer the following questions comprehensively. (5 points each)

2. What is the symbolism behind hope remaining in Pandora's box?

5. How did Epimetheus mess up the creation of man?

Criteria 35% 35% 30%

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 13

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 14

What explanation for similar occurrences do we uphold

Hamilton, Edith (1942). Mythology. New York: Little Brown, and

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 15

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

PRE-TEST: LET’S BEGIN!

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 16

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 17

Adapted from Old Greek Stories by James Baldwin

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 18

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 19

He called some of the shivering men from their caves

It was not long until they learned to cook their food

After that, Prometheus taught them, little by little, a thousand things. He

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 20

Of course, it would be easy enough to deal with Prometheus at any time,

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 21

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 22

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 23

But Zeus didn’t forget about punishing Prometheus

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 24

Task 1: Comprehension Check

Criteria 35% 35% 30%

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 25

Task 2: Vocabulary from the Stories

2. Sometimes a famous inventor is called “a modern-day Prometheus”. Many

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 26

5. Do you know about the Pandora jewelry store?

Task 3: Analyzing Cartoons

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 27

Prometheus is most notable for his heroic strength. Although Zeus

Geraldine V. Naga I Mythology and Folklore 28

1. What two phenomena does this story try to explain?