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Forest
Mill residues
Agricultural crops & waste
Wood & wood waste
Animal wastes
Livestock operation residues
Aquatic plants
Municipal & Industrial wastes
Biomass Stores Energy And Carbon
pH 6.8-7.5
Carbon/Nitrogen 20-30
ration (C/N)
Solid content (%) 8-10
Odor
Acid forming
Volatile bacteria
Volatile
Solids (VS) organic acids
Methane forming
bacteria
Methane, carbon dioxide,
water, trace gases
What is Anaerobic Digestion?
Methane ~ 60%
Carbon Dioxide ~ 40%
Hydrogen sulfide ~ trace
Anaerobic Digestion
Use a heated container to accelerate
the degradation of the manure.
Microorganisms produce a fuel gas
and degrade the manure.
Less odors are produced when
compared to non controlled
anaerobic digestion
Advantages of Digestion
Total waste management system
– Pollution control
– Odor control
– Nutrient conservation
– Greenhouse gas reduction
Disadvantages of Digestion
Is somewhat costly
Higher management levels required
Startup is sometimes difficult
Storage required
– Cannot store methane as a liquid!!
Some risk of explosion
Methanization
The principle acids produced in Stage 2 are
processed by methanogenic bacteria to produce
methane.
The reactions that takes place in the process of
methane production is called Methanization and
is expressed by the following equations.
Biomethanization Implementation
and its Effects
Basics of Bio-gas Digesters
Classification of Biogas
Digester
http://www.sintex-plastics.com/deenabandu_g.htm
Bag Digester
(Taiwanese Model)
Bag Digester
(Taiwanese Model)
This design was developed in 1960s in Taiwan.
It consists of a long cylinder made of PVC or red
mud plastic.
The bag digester was developed to solve the
problems experienced wit h brick and metal
digesters.
A PVC bag digester was also tested in Nepal by GGC
at Butwal from April to June 1986. The study
concluded that the plastic bag bio-digester could be
successful only if PVC bag is easily available,
pressure inside the digester is increased and
welding facilities are easily available.
Such conditions are difficult to meet in most of the
rural areas in developing countries.
Pre fabricated mobile type
Biogas plants
State of the art proven biogas
plant, easy to install. more
efficient than the conventional
one. better energy recovery.
BIOGAS - Fuel of the future.
Free energy from the waste.
Only one time investment.
Investment can be recovered
within ONE YEAR. Available
from 6m3/day to 1000m3/day.
Power can be generated from
this plant of capacity more than
50m3 for the use like garden
lighting, street lighting, home
lighting etc.
Biogas Holders
http://www.arjuntarpaulins.net/biogas-holders.html
Dowac Systems & Projects India Pvt Ltd
Dowac Systems & Projects India Pvt Ltd
Dowac Systems & Projects India Pvt Ltd
http://www.arkatechnologies.in/biogas-plant-supplier-pune.shtml
1: Domestic waste water heads
to sewage processing plant
2: Settlement tanks separate
sewage into clean water and
sludge
3: Anaerobic digesters break
down the waste and produce a
thick, odourless waste and
methane. Waste solids used as
fuel or fertilizer.
4: Biogas plant cleans methane to remove impurities, adds
odorant to "smell like gas"
5: Clean biomethane pumped back into national network
Use of Biogas
Cooking
Lighting,
Refrigeration
Running internal combustion engine.
Cooking Fuel
The most common use of biogas is
for cooking.
A 2 cubic meter biogas plant can
replace, in a month, fuel equivalent
of 26kg of LPG (Liquefied Natural gas)
or 37 Lt. of Kerosene or 88 kg of
Charcoal or 210 kg of fuel-wood or
740 kg of Animal dung.
Bio Gas Used In the
Industrial Kitchen
Biogas Purification: Removing
Hydrogen Sulfide
– Removal Using Metal Oxides and
Hydroxides
– Activated Carbon
Recovered Sulfur
Additonal Benefits Of H2s
Removal
Impact On Surrounding air.
H2S is Highly Corrosive – Can
damage other equipments and
expensive instruments in the vicinity.
Health Hazard and odour nuisance.
Typical Process Flow Diagram
Bioskrubber
C le a n G a s G as P ow er
E n g in e
Po w er
G en e r a t io n
C a u s tic N u trie n t
T ank T ank
G a s H o ld e r
E le m e n ta l
S u lp h u r
S u lp h e r
S u lp h u r S e ttlin g T a n k D r y in g B e d
A b so rb e r B u ffe r T a n k R e a c to r
R aw G as
A ir B lo w e r
Biogas Flame
Biogas Lamp for Lighting
Natural Gas = Biogas
But with Some Important Exceptions
Methane
Natural Gas Biogas
Fossil Fuel
Renewable
Less GHG Fuel
Emissions Net Zero
Both good for
GHG
air quality
emissions
Swedish Biogas Industry
Sweden is world leader in biogas production for
vehicle fuel
– 17 biogas plants
– 24 biogas-only refueling stations
– 20 biogas/NG (blended) refueling stations
– >4,500 NG and bi-fuel (NG and gasoline)
vehicles
– Dedicated local biogas pipeline networks
– Biogas injected into Swedish NG pipeline
network
Sweden Biogas Industry
25 biomethane production
(refineries) facilities
65 biomethane filling stations
Industry growing at annual rate of
15-20%
>8,000 methane gas vehicles in
Sweden
50% of methane from bio sources
Biomass Potential for
Biogas in Sweden