Can - mq¿jka / Can't - nE

hula lsÍug yelshdj we;s yd fkdue;s nj m%ldY lsÍug fuu jdlH rgdj Ndú;d lrhs' can j,ska miq l%shdmohl uQ,sl iajrEmh
(infinitive verb) ;nhs' fuu can moh j¾:udk ld,fhka mj;sk w;r tomorrow, next week jeks mo iuÕ Ndú;fhka wkd.;
ld,h i|yd Wjo Ndú;d l, yel' tfiau can j,g not (can + not = can't) tl;= lsÍfuka ke; w¾:h o can fyda can't uq,g
.ekSfuka m%YaKo ks¾udKh lrhs'
Subject helping verb verb object rest
l;D Wmldrl l%shdj ls%hd moh l¾uh b;sßh
01. ug mq¿jka fyd¢ka isxÿ lshkak I can sing songs well
02. wehg fõ.fhka ÿjkak mq¿jka She can run fast
wehg mq¿jka n;a Whkakg

01. Thdg bx.%Sis l;dlrkak mq¿jka' - You can speak English. :- .........................................................................................................

02. Thdg bx.%Sis l;dlrkak nE' - You can not speak English. :- ........................................................................................................

03. Thdg bx.%Sis l;dlrkak nE' - You can't speak English. :- ........................................................................................................

04. Thdg bx.%Sis l;dlrkak mq¿jkao@ - Can you speak English? :- ........................................................................................................

05. Thdg bx.%Sis l;dlrkak neßo@ - Can you not speak English? :- ........................................................................................................

06. Thdg bx.%Sis l;dlrkak neßo@ - Can't you speak English? :- ........................................................................................................

01' wmg mq¿jka l%slÜ fi,a,ï lrkakg - ....................................................................................................................................................................

02' Tyqg mq¿jka nhsisl,a mÈkakg - ....................................................................................................................................................................

03' Thdg mq¿jkao .sgdrh jdokh lrkak@ - ....................................................................................................................................................................

04. wehg nE wo fufya kj;skak' - ....................................................................................................................................................................

05. Tjqkag wo ;rÕh Èkkak neßo@ - ....................................................................................................................................................................

Short answers - flá ms<s;=re
by; wdldrfha Wmldrl l%shdmo uq,g f.k idok m%YaK i|yd Tõ fyda ke; f,i fláfhka ms<s;=re ,nd§fï§ tu Wmldrl
l%shdmohu Ndú;fhka ms<s;=r ,ndfok w;r m%YaKfha we;s l;D moh ms<s;=f¾§ i¾jkduhla f,i ;eìh hq;=h tkï m%YaKfha§
"Nimal" f,i ;snqfka kï flá ms<s;=f¾È "He" f,i ;eìh hq;=h' m%YaKfha;a we;af;a i¾jkduhla f,i kï ms<s;=f¾o th tfiau
fjkia fkdlr ndú;d lrhs' '
I - uu you - Thd$Thd,d we - wms they - Tjqka$Wka he - Tyq she - weh it - W!$tAl

mq¿jka neye
01' Tyqg mq¿jkao l%slÜ fi,a,ï lrkak@ Can he play cricket? Yes, He can No, He can't

02' ksu,ag mq¿jkao ksjila idokak@ Can Nimal build a house? ................................. .....................................

03' Tjqkag mq¿jkao fïl lrkak@ ....................................................................................... ................................. .....................................

04' wïudg mq¿jkao flala idokakg@ ....................................................................................... ................................. .....................................

Could - mq¿jka WKd / Couldn't - neß WKd

hula lsÍug yelshdj ;snQ yd fkd;snQ nj m%ldY lsÍug fuu jdlH rgdj Ndú;d lrhs' could j,ska miq infinitive verb ;nhs' fuh
w;S; ld,fhka ^can mofha w;S; ld,h& mj;sk w;r could + not = couldn't u.ska ke; w¾:h o could fyda couldn't uq,g .ekSfuka
m%YaKo ks¾udKh lrhs'
01. I could pass the exam last year - .sh jif¾ ug úNd.h iu;a fjkak mq¿jka WKd
02. We couldn't watch the film last night - wmg Bfha ? Ñ;%mgh n,kak neß WKd

01. ug Bfha ;rÕh Èkkak mq¿jka WKd' - ...........................................................................................................................................................

02. wmg f.or jev wjika lrkak neß WKd' - ...........................................................................................................................................................

03. Thdg mq¿jka WKdo mx;shg tkak@ - ...........................................................................................................................................................

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 Should/Must/Ought to - hq;=hs
hula l, hq;=h$úh hq;=h hkak ±laùug fuu jdLHrgdj Ndú;d lrhs' fuys§ should yd ought to j,g jvd must u.ska wksjd¾Hh
nj weÕfõ fïjdg miqj l%shd mofha uQ,sl iajrEmh ;nhs'tfiau fïjd Wmldrl l%shdmo jk neúka ke; w¾:h i|yd fïjdgu not
tla lsÍu;a m%YaKd¾: i|yd fïjd bÈßhg .kSu;a isÿ lrhs' m%YaK yd ke; w¾:fha§ ought to ys to mohg fjkila isÿ fkdlrhs'
Should Must Ought to
01. uu bf.k.; hq;=hs - I should learn English - I must learn English - I ought to learn English

02. uu bf.k.; hq;=kE - I should not learn English - I must not learn English - I ought not to learn English
- I shouldn't learn English - I mustn't learn English - I oughtn't to learn English

03. uu bf.k.; hq;=o@ - Should I learn English? - Must I learn English? - Ought I to learn English?

04. uu bf.k fkd.;hq;=o@ - Should I not learn English? - Must I not learn English? - Ought I not to learn English?
- Shouldn't I learn English? - Mustn't I learn English? - Oughtn't I to learn English?
01. weh bx.%Sis bf.k.; hq;=hs' 05. uu fufya wdhq;= kE

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02. Tyq /lshdjla l, hq;= kE 06. Tjqka fïl l, h;=hso@

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03. wms Tjqkag uqo,a f.úh hq;=hso@ 07. Thd wehg neksh hq;=kE

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04. uu fï m%Yakh úi¢h hq;=hs 08. wms i;=ákaa Ôj;aúh hq;=hs

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Had better - jvd fyd|hs
hula lsÍu jvd WÑ; nj" WmfoaYhla §ug fyda hula n,dfmdfrd;a;=ùula ±laùug fuh Ndú;d lrhs' had better j,g miq l%shd
mofha uQ,sl iajrEmh(infinitive verb) Ndú;d lrhs' ke; w¾:h i|yd had better not Ndú;d lrhs'
01. uu ±ka f.or .sfhd;a jvd fyd|hs' - I had better go home now.

02. Thd uqo,a kdia;s fkdlf,d;a jvdfyd|hs' - You had better not waste money.

03. /isùu blaukska wjika WfKd;a fyd|hs' - ...................................................................................................................................................................

04. Thd ug lSlre Wfkd;a jvd fyd|hs' - ..................................................................................................................................................................

05. ug /lshdjla ,dnqfKd;a jvd fyd|hs' - ..................................................................................................................................................................

06. Thd Tyqg fudkj;a fkdlSfjd;a fyd|hs' - ..................................................................................................................................................................

May/Might - úhyelshs
may fyda might Ndú;d lrkafka hula úh yelsh hkak ±laùughs' may u.ska Okd;aul yd might u.ska iDKd;aul úh yelshdjla
wÕjhs' tkï may u.ska wksjd¾fhkau úh yelsh hkak;a might u.ska úh yelsh hk woyi wksjd¾h fkdjk yd úh fkdyelsh
hkako woyia jk nj fmkajhs' fïjd Wmldrl l%shdmo neúka tjdg not tla lsÍu yd bÈßhg .ekSu isÿlrhs' l;dlsÍfï§ fuu
jdlH rgdjg fndfydaúg úhyelshdjg fya;=jlao bÈßm;a lrK idudkH jdlHhla iuÕ .e,mSfuka Ndú;d lrhs' tys§ jdlH fol
iïnkaO lsÍug "but - kuq;a" fyda "so - b;ska$tu ksid" jeks iïnkaOl mo Ndú;d lrhs'
May not - Mayn't Might not - Mightn't
01. Tyqg mq¿jka fyd|g l%slÜ fi,a,ï lrkak tA ksid Tyq ;rÕh Èkkak bv ;sfnkjd - He can play cricket well so he may win the match
02. ug mdvï lrkak neß WKd kuq;a uu úNd.h iu;afjkak bv ;sfnkjd - I couldn't study but I might pass the exam
01. ir;ag mq¿jka WKd uqo,a fidhd.kak tA ksid Tyq jdykh ñ,§.kak bv ;sfnkjd

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02. ckdêm;sg rg f.dvk.kak nE kuq;a Tyq B,Õ Pkaoh Èkkak bv ;sfnkjd

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03. Thdg mqyqKqfjkak neß WKd kuq;a Thd ;rÕh Èkkak bv ;sfnkjd

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 Speaking - l;d lsÍu
by; bf.k.;a can jdlH rgdj Ndú;fhka ñ;=rdf.ka m%YaK wikak' tfiau thg ms<s;=re f,i ;udg l, yels yd fkdyels oE but
iuÕ jdlH folla f,i iïnkaO lr olajkak' my; WodyrKh wkq.uKh lrkak' fuh wju ñ;=rka 5 fofkl= iu. mqyqKq jkak'
my; È we;s l%shd mo yd Tn okakd fjk;a l%shd mo Ndú;d lrkak' ^mx;sfhaÈ fmkajk WodyrK ùäfhdaj wkq.ukh lrkak&
A: Can you play cricket? A: Can Saman play cricket?
B: Yes, I can play cricket but I can't play football B: No, He can't play cricket but he can play football
01. sing - .dhkd lrkjd dance - kgkjd 05. read - lshjkjd write - ,shkjd
02. catch - w,a,.kakjd throw - úislrkjd 06. ride - nhsisl,a mÈkjd drive - jdyk mojkjd
03. jump - mkskjd run - ÿjkjd 07. cook - Whkjd eat - lkjd
04. hit - myr fokjd kick - mhska .ykjd 08. wash - fidaokjd clean - msßisÿ lrkjd

Writing and Speaking

by; bf.k.;a jdlH rgd Ndú;fhka my; igykg wkqj yd Tn okakd fjk;a jpk yd jdlH rgdo Ndú;fhka flfkl=g wkd.;
ie,eiaula i|yd Wmfoia ,nd§ug mqyqKqjkak' fuu l%shdldrlu wju ñ;=rka 5 fofkl= iu. kej; kej; mqyqKq jkak' tla tla
wjia:dfõ§ jdlH rgd fjkia lsÍug W;aidy lrkak' tfiau wjidkh jk úg l%shdldrlu u;lfhka muKla isÿ lrkak' fuh lrk
w;r;=ru ñ;=rd m%ldY lrk jdlHhkao wefik úgu f;areï .ekSug W;aidy lrkak'
A: I could passed the O/L exam well and what should I do now?
B: I think, First.......... Then ............ next............ after that........... finally............
01. follow - yodrkjd 08. leave - yer hkjd
02. find - fidhd.kakjd 09. find a job - /lshdjla fidhd.kakjd
03. learn - bf.k.kakjd 10. earn - Wmhkjd
04. study - mdvï lrkjd 11. build - ;kkjd$ks¾udKh lrkjd
05. pass - iu;a fjkjd 12. buy - ñ,§.kakjd
06. enter - we;=,;a fjkjd 13. get married - újdy fjkjd
07. get a degree - Wmdêhla ,nkjd 14. live happily - i;=áka Ôj;a fjkjd

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 Meeting friends - ñ;=rka yuqùu
Greetings - wdpdrYS,S jels
flfkl= yuqjQ úg l;dnyla wdrïNlsÍug fmr wdpdrYS,s jelshla Ndú;d lrhs' Thdg fldfyduo@$ fldfyduo iem ikSm$w¿;a
f;dr;=re fudkjdo@ hkak úuiSug my; fhÿï Ndú;d l, yel'
01. Hi! How are you? 02. Hey! What's up? 03. Hello! How's it going?
04. Hi there! How do you do? 05. Hello there! How are you doing? 06. Howdy friend?
07. Hey! What's going on with you? 08. How’s everything going? 09. How have you been keeping?
ms<s;=re ,nd§ug' tkï uu fyd¢ka $ug wjq,la kE $ uu fyd¢ka fkdfõ $ uu m%Yafklska bkafkA lSu i|yd"
01. I am fine. 02. Not much 03. I'm great. 04. I'm okay 05. I'm alright.
06. I am not fine. 07. Not bad. 08. I'm hanging in there. 09. Couldn't be better! 10. Don't ask.

flfkl= ál l,lg miqj uqK.eiqk úg" ldf,lg miafi fkao@$Thdj ±lal l,a% hkak weiSug"
01. Long time no see. 02. It has been a long time. 03. How's life been treating you?
flfkl= m<uq j;djg yuqjQ úg§ ta ms<sn| i;=g m,lsÍug" Tnj yuqùu i;=gla hehs m%ldY lsÍug"
01. It's nice to meet you! 04. I'm glad to see you! 07. I'm glad to meet you!
02. I am pleased to meet you! 05. It's a pleasure to meet you! 08. It was an honour meeting you!

Saying "Good bye" - iuq.ekSu

l;dnyla wjidkfha iuq.ekSfï§ my; fhÿï Ndú;d l, yel'
01. Good bye! - iqn .uka 13. Take care! - mßiaiñka bkak 02. See you later! - miqj yuqfjuq
04. Good night! - iqn rd;%shla 10. Have a nice day! - iqN ojila 24. See you tomorrow! - fyg yuqfjuq
by; bf.k.;a jelso fhdodf.k my; foni mqyqKqjkak
A. Hey, What's up? B. I am ................. Do you have brothers and sisters?
B. Not much, How's it going with you? A. I have .......................................
A. I am good, What is your name? Tell me little more about your family.
B. I am .......................... and you?
A. There are ................ members in my family,
A. I am ........................, How old are you?
B. Nice to hear,
hear, I'm sorry what was your name again?
B. I am .................... years old. How about you?
A. I am ......................., Where do you live? A. It's ...........................
B. .......................... Where you from?
I live in .......................... B. Well, It's nice to meet you ................................., See you around.
A. I am from ..............., What do you do for living? A. It's nice to meet you too ............................... Have a nice day!

02. Europe's skies - Alexander Rybak

Now I'm home but I cannot stay, Times have changed but so have I,
I dream of you every day I view my life through your eyes
Got to know every inch of you, On the go in my tourist's shoes,
Will you make my dream come true? But I'll stay truthful to you
There's no place like home they say
'Cause there's no place like home they say
You're my home so hear me pray
You're my home so I guess I'll stay
I don't know you but I need more time, Promise me you'll be mine,
I don't know you but I need more time.......//
Birds are flying over Europe's skies, Tell me please, why can't I?
she - weh today - wo happily - i;=áka home - f.or Europe - hqfrdamh
rice - n;a do - lrkjd meeting - /iaùu stay - kj;skjd sky - wyi
cook - Whkjd this - fïl end - wjika fjkjd of - .ek$ms<sn| change - fjkia fjkjd
we - wms mother - wïud soon - blaukska every - iEu view - olskjd
cricket - l%slÜ cake - flala obey - lSlrefjkjd inch - wÕ< through - ;=<ska$yryd
come true - ienEfjkjd eye - wei
play- fi,a,ï lrkjd make - idokjd get - ,nd .kakjd place - ia:dkh tourist - ixpdrlhd
he - Tyq homework - f.orjev tell - lshkjd like - jf.a shoe - im;a;=j
bicycle - nhsisl,h finish - wjika lrkjd money - uqo,a so - b;ska$tA ksid truthful - i;Hjd§
ride - mÈkjd come - tkjd buy - ñ,§.kakjd hear - wykjd 'cause = because - ksid$fudlo lSfjd;a
guitar - .sgdrh learn - bf.k.kakjd the president - ckk;s pray - hdÉ[d lrkjd guess - ys;kjd$wkqudk lrkjd
play - jdokh lrkjd pay - f.jkjd the country - rg need - wjYHhs
stay - kj;skjd this - fï build - f.dvk.kjd more - ;j
here - fufya problem - m%YaKh election - Pkaoh promise - fmdfrdkaÿ fjkjd
they - Tjqka solve - úi|kjd next - B,Õ mine - uf.au
match - ;rÕh blame - nkskjd practice - mqyqKq fjkjd bird - mCIshd
fly - mshdUkjd
win - Èkkjd live - Ôj;a fjkjd over - by,ska
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