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PROJECT REPORT (CE-610) EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF BUILDING

(WITH SAP 2000 AS ANALYSIS TOOL)
Conference Paper · August 2020
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Indian Institute of Technology Mandi
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CE 610
PROJECT REPORT (CE-610)

on
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF BUILDING

(WITH SAP 2000 AS ANALYSIS TOOL)
Submitted by
Harshit Aggarwal (T19001)
Ashwani Kumar Sharma (T19013)
Ayush Tiwari (T19014)
Akhil Verma (T19018)
under the guidance of
Dr. Sandip Kumar Saha
(Assistant Professor, School of Engineering)
School of Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi
(August 2020)
Page i
CE 610
Table of Content
Section No. Title Page No.
Declaration iv
List of figures
List of tables
1 Problem Statement 7
1.1 Design Data 7
1.2 General Assumptions and statements 8
2 Design Calculations 8
2.1 Load calculaions 10
2.1.1 Self-weight of members 10
2.1.2 Beam load calculations 10
2.2 Calculation for verification of minimum global 16
seismic demand (base shear correction)
2.2.1 Seismic weight calculation 16
2.2.2 Calculation of minimum design lateral force (VB)min 17
[IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016, Cl. 7.2.2]
2.2.3 Calculation of design base shear VB [IS 1893 (Part 1) : 17
2016, Cl. 7.2.2]
2.2.4 Calculation of base shear (VB ) using response 18
spectrum method
2.2.5 Base shear correction 23
3 Development and analysis of a 3D computational 23
model of bare-frame structure using SAP 2000
3.1 Begin a new model 23
3.2 Defining material 23
3.3 Defining frame sections and adding restrains 24
3.4 Defining load patterns 25
3.5 Assigning Loads 26
3.6 Assigning Rigid Diaphragm 26
3.7 Defining Response Spectrum Function 27
3.8 Running Analysis 28
3.9 Graphically reviewing result 29
Page ii
CE 610
4 Design of Beams 31
4.1 Check for member size 32
4.2 Design forces for different load combinations 33
4.3 Checks 34
4.4 Check for flexure 35
4.5 Check for anchorage length of reinforcement bar at an 45
exterior joint
4.6 Check for shear 46
4.7 Designing of beam B1 , B2 ,B3, B4 55
5 Design of columns 58
5.1 Exterior columns 58
5.2 Interior columns 67
6 Design of beam-column joint 75
7 References 82
Page iii
CE 610
Declaration
In the time of COVID19 pandemic, staying at our homes and completing this project was a
challenge and source of big learning as well. Through various online video meeting and
communicating in a group via various online platforms we got to learn important aspects of
team work and self-discipline. For this project we first divided the work in all members and
after doing one’s respective work, other member is assigned to cross check it, so that
everyone have knowledge of all the steps involved in the problem and also to maintain the
accuracy.
I have designed beams B13 and B15 of the building individually and designed beam-
column joins with T19018. I have also done formatting of the project report. After that
I have cross checked the work of T19013 (base shear correction).
Harshit Aggarwal (T19001)
I have done loading calculations, base shear correction and designed beam B15
individually. I have also made AutoCAD drawings required for the project. I have also
attempted Bonus question with T19014. After that I have cross checked work of
T19014 (SAP 2000 modeling).
Ashwani Kumar Sharma (T19013)
I have done modeling and analysis of building individually on SAP2000. I have also
attempted Bonus question with T19013. After that I have cross checked work of
T19018 (column design).
Ayush Tiwari (T19014)
I have designed columns individually and designed beam column joint with T19001.
After that I have cross checked work of T19001 (beam design).
Akhil Verma (T19018)
Page iv
CE 610
List of Figures
Figure No. Figure Title Page No.

1 Plan of building 8
2(i) Elevation of building in X-Z axis 9
2(ii) Elevation of building in Y-Z axis 9
3 Gravity loads for frames x1 and x4 14
4 Gravity loads for frames x2 and x3 14
5 Gravity loads for frames y1 and y4 15
6 Gravity loads for frames y2 and y3 15
Quick grid lines and grid data form for defining geometry of
7 24
model
8 Computational model of bare frame 24
9 Assigning joint restrains. 25
10 Defining load patterns 26
11 Defining Diaphragm constraint 27
12 Defining Response spectrum function. 28
13 Running analysis 29
14 Shear force diagram of building. 29
15 Analysis of a column from building. 30
16 Deformed shape of building corresponding to mode1. 31
17 SFD for beam B13 49
18 Reinforcement detailing of beam B13 and B15 50
19 SFD for beam B14 54
20 Reinforcement detailing of beam B14 55
21 Reinforcement detailing of AB column 67
22 Reinforcement detailing of CD column 75
23 Plan view of joint showing effective width of joint 76
24 Column shear as per Cl. 7.5 IS 13920 : 2016 77
25 Joint shear (Cl. 9.1.2) 78
26 Joint shear (Cl. 9.1.2) 79
27 Strong column – weak beam requirement (Cl, 7.2.1 IS 13920 : 80

2016)
Page v
CE 610
List of Tables
Table No. Table Title Page No.

1 Self-weight of members 10
2 Beam load calculations at different floor level 10
3 Seismic weight calculation 16
4 Check for beam size. 32
5 Design forces for different load combinations 33
6 Force resultants in column AB for different load combinations 59
7 Critical forces for design of column AB 63
8 Design of column AB for earthquake 63
9 Tabulation of shear forces in column AB for different load 64

combinations
10 Summary of reinforcement for column AB 67
11 Force resultants in column CD for different load combinations 68
12 Critical forces for design of column CD 71
13 Design of column CD for earthquake 71
Tabulation of shear forces in column CD for different load
14 72
combinations
15 Summary of reinforcement for column CD 74
Page vi
CE 610
1. Problem Statement
Figures 1 and 2 shows plan and elevation of G+3 storey building of police headquarter to be
constructed in Patna city. Design a reinforced concrete (RC) special moment resisting frame
as lateral load resisting system for the building following relevant Indian Standard (IS)
guidelines. Assume the building columns are supported by rigid foundation on hard soil.
The exterior and interior walls of the building are to be made with brick masonry having
thickness 230 mm and 150 mm, respectively. The openings for door and windows may be
ignored for load calculation. Assume the building to be sufficiently strong against vertical
excitation.
1.1 Design Data
City – Patna
Building Type – Police headquarter
Soil type – Hard
Thickness of interior wall = 150 mm.
Thickness of exterior wall = 230 mm.
Grade of concrete = M30.
Grade of reinforcing steel = Fe500.
Self-weight of concrete = 25 kN/m3 .
Self-weight of masonry (including plaster) = 20 kN/m3 .
Floor finish = 1 kN/m3 .
Roof treatment = 1.5 kN/m3 .
Slab thickness = 150 mm.
IL on floor = 3 kN/m2 .
Frame along = y4.
Imposed load on roof (assumed as per IS 875 (Part 2) : 1987) = 0.75 kN/m2 .
Page 7
CE 610
1.2 General Assumptions and statements
i. The floor diaphragms at floors other than ground floor are assumed to be rigid as per
Cl. 7.6.4 of IS 1893 (Part 1): 2016.
ii. Frame considered for designing of beam, column, beam - column joint is along the
frame y4 .
iii. At ground floor slabs are provided and floor will directly be rested upon on the
ground therefore beam will not be design same as second, third and fourth floor beam.
At first floor we do not considering floor weight and imposed load as they resting on
hard soil.
iv. Central line dimensions are used to calculate seismic weight.

2 Design Calculations
Size of beam section = 300 mm × 500 mm.
Size of column section = 300mm × 450 mm.
Plan and elevation of G+3 Police Headquarter building is shown in figure 1 and figure 2.
Figure 1: Plan of building.
Page 8
CE 610
Figure 2(i) : Elevation of building in X-Z axis
Figure 2(ii): Elevation of building in Y-Z axis
Page 9
CE 610
2.1 Load Calculations

2.1.1 Self-weight of members
Table 1 shows the dimensions and self-weight of the members by multiplying the dimension
with respected unit weight given.
Table1: Self-weight of members.
Members Dimensions Self-weight
Beam 300 mm × 500 mm 0.30 × 0.50 × 25 = 3.75 kN/m
Slab Thickness = 150 mm 0.15 × 25 = 3.75 kN/m2
Exterior walls Thickness = 230 mm 0.23 × 2.6 × 20 = 11.96 kN/m

Height = 3.1-0.25-0.25
= 2.6 m
Interior walls Thickness = 150 mm 0.15 × 2.6 × 20 = 7.8 kN/m
Height = 2.6 m
2.1.2 Beam Load Calculations
Table 2 shows the beam load calculations of beams shown in plan at different floor levels and
at ends and centre separately.
Table2: Beam load calculations at different floor level.
Beam load Calculations
Floor Beams Loading At Ends At Centre
D.L(kN/m) L.L(kN/m) D.L(kN/m) L.L(kN/m)

Terrace B13, Self- 3.75 0 3.75 0
Level B14, weight
B15, Slab 0 0 3.75 × 1.5 = 0
B22, weight 5.625
B23, Roof 0 0 1.5 × 1.5 = 2.25 0
B24. treatment
Imposed 0 0 0 0.75 × 1.5 =
load 1.125
Total 3.75 0 11.625 1.125
load
B16, Self- 3.75 0 3.75 0
B17, weight
B18, Slab 3.75×(0+1) 0 3.75×(1.5+1) 0
B19, weight = 3.75 = 9.375
B20, Roof 1.5×(0+1) 0 1.5×(1.5+1) 0
B21. treatment = 1.5 = 3.75
Page 10
CE 610
Imposed 0 0.75×(0+1) 0 0.75×(1.5+1)

load = 0.75 = 1.875
Total 9 0.75 16.875 1.875
load
.
B1, Self- 3.75 0 3.75 0
B4, weight
B9, Slab 0 0 3.75×1.5 0
B12 weight = 5.625
Roof 0 0 1.5×1.5 0
treatment = 2.25
Imposed 0 0 0 0.75×1.5
load = 1.125
Total 3.75 0 11.625 1.125
load
B2, Self- 3.75 0 0 3.75
B3, weight
B10, Slab 0 0 2×3.75×1.5 0
B11. weight = 11.25
Roof 0 0 2×1.5×1.5 0
treatment = 4.5
Imposed 0 0 0 2×0.75×1.5
load = 2.25
Total 3.75 19.5 2.25
load 0
Self- 3.75 0 3.75 0
B5, weight
B6, Slab 0 0 0 0
B7, weight
B8 Roof 0 0 0 0
treatment
Imposed 0 0 0 0
load
Total 3.75 0 3.75 0
load
First, B13, Self- 3.75 .0 3.75 0
Second B14, weight
and B15, Slab 0 0 3.75×1.5 0
Third B22, weight = 5.625
B23, Floor 0 0 1×1.5 0
B24. finish = 1.5
Imposed 0 0 0 3×1.5
load = 4.5 kN/m
Wall 11.96 0 11.96 0
Total 15.71 0 22.835 4.5

load
Page 11
CE 610
B16, Self- 3.75 0 3.75 0

B17, weight
B18, Slab 3.75×(0+1) 0 3.75×(1.5+1) 0
B19, weight = 3.75 = 9.375
B20, Floor 1×(0+1) 0 1 × (1.5 + 1) 0
B21 finish =1 = 2.5
Imposed 0 3×(0+1) 3×(1.5+1)
load =3 = 7.5
Wall 7.8 0 7.8 0
Total 16.3 3 23.425 7.5

load
B1, Self- 3.75 0 3.75 0
B4, weight
B9, Slab 0 0 3.75×1.5 0
B12 weight = 5.625
Floor 0 0 1×1.5 0
finish = 1.5
Imposed 0 0 0 3×1.5
load = 4.5
Wall 11.96 0 11.96 0
Total 15.71 0 22.835 4.5

load
B2, Self- 3.75 0 3.75 0
B3, weight
B10, Slab 0 0 2×3.75×1.5 0
B11. weight = 11.25
Floor 0 0 2×1×1.5 0
finish =3
Imposed 0 0 0 2×3×1.5
load =9
Wall 7.8 0 7.8 0
Total 11.55 0 25.8 9

load
B5, Self- 3.75 0 3.75 0
B8. weight
Slab 0 0 0 0
weight
Floor 0 0 0 0
finish
Imposed 0 0 0 0
load
Wall 11.96 0 11.96 0
Total 15.71 0 15.71 0

load
B6, Self- 3.75 0 3.75 0
Page 12
CE 610
B7 weight
Slab 0 0 0 0
weight
Floor 0 0 0 0
finish
Imposed 0 0 0 0
load
Wall 7.8 0 7.8 0
Total 11.55 0 11.55 0

load
Ground B1, Self- 3.75 0 3.75 0
floor B4, weight
B5, 11.96 0 11.96 0
Wall
B8,
B9,
B12,
B13,
B14, Total 15.71 0 15.71 0
B15, load
B22,
B23,
B24.
B2, Self- 3.75 0 3.75 0
B3, weight
B6, 7.8 0 7.8 0
B7, Wall
B10,
B11,
B16,
B17, Total 11.55 0 11.55 0
B18, load
B19,
B20,
B21
The loading frames due to above calculated gravity loads are shown in figures 3, 4, 5 and 6
below:
Page 13
CE 610
Figure 3: Gravity loads for frames x1 and x4.
Figure 4: Gravity loads for frames x2 and x3.
Page 14
CE 610
Figure 5: Gravity loads for frames y1 and y4.
Figure 6: Gravity loads for frames y2 and y3.
Page 15
CE 610
2.2 Calculation for verification of minimum global seismic demand (base shear
correction)
2.2.1 Seismic weight calculation
Table 3 shows the calculation of seismic weight of all members at different floor levels.
Table3: Seismic weight calculation
Floor Member Number Length Width Depth or Unit Weight (kN)

level (m) (m) Height Weight
(m) (kN/m3 )
Roof Beams 12 5 0.3 0.5 25 225
8 3 0.3 0.5 25 90
4 2 0.3 0.5 25 30
Columns 16 0.45 0.3 1.55 25 83.7
Slabs 6 5 3 0.15 25 337.5
3 5 2 0.15 25 112.5
Exterior 6 5 0.23 1.3 20 179.4
infills 4 3 0.23 1.3 20 71.76
2 2 0.23 1.3 20 23.92
Interior 6 5 0.15 1.3 20 117
infills 4 3 0.15 1.3 20 46.8
2 2 0.15 1.3 20 15.6
Roof 6 5 3 135
1.5 kN/m2
treatment 3 5 2 45
Total weight 1513.18 kN
Fourth, Beams 12 5 0.3 0.5 25 225
Third 8 3 0.3 0.5 25 90
and 4 2 0.3 0.5 25 30
Second Columns 16 0.45 0.3 3.1 25 167.4
Slabs 6 5 3 0.15 25 337.5
3 5 2 0.15 25 112.5
Exterior 6 5 0.23 2.6 20 358.8
infills 4 3 0.23 2.6 20 143.52
2 2 0.23 2.6 20 47.84
Interior 6 5 0.15 2.6 20 234
infills 4 3 0.15 2.6 20 93.6
2 2 0.15 2.6 20 31.2
Floor 6 5 3 90
1 kN/m2
finish 3 5 2 30
Live 6 5 3 135
3 kN/m2 × 0.5
load 3 5 2 45
First or Beams 12 5 0.3 0.5 25 225
Plinth 8 3 0.3 0.5 25 90
level 4 2 0.3 0.5 25 30
Columns 16 0.45 0.3 2.15 25 116.1
Page 16
CE 610
Exterior 6 5 0.23 1.3 20 179.4

infills 4 3 0.23 1.3 20 71.76
2 2 0.23 1.3 20 23.92
Interior 6 5 0.15 1.3 20 117
infills 4 3 0.15 1.3 20 46.8
2 2 0.15 1.3 20 15.6
Total Seismic weight of the building (W) = 1513.18 + 3×2171.36 + 915.58

= 8942.84 kN
2.2.2 Calculation of minimum design lateral force (V B)min [IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016,
Cl. 7.2.2]
ρ for seismic zone IV = 1.6 %

[IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016, Table 7]
1.6
Minimum design lateral force (VB)min = ×𝑊
100
1.6
= ∗ 8942.84 =143.085 Kn
100
2.2.3 Calculation of design base shear 𝑽𝑩 [IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016, Cl. 7.2.2]
Along X-direction:
The approximate fundamental translational natural period of oscillation is given by:

0.09 h
Ta = [IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016, Cl. 7.6.2]
√𝑑
0.09 ×13.85
= = 0.3187 sec.
√15.3
Zone factor for Patna (Z) = 0.24 (zone IV) [IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016, Annex. E]
Importance factor (I) = 1.5 (Police headquarter) [IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016, Table 8]
Response reduction factor (R) = 5 [IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016, Table
9]
𝑆
Design acceleration coefficient ( 𝑔𝑎 ) = 2.5 [IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016, Cl.
6.4.2]
𝑍 𝑆
( )( 𝑎 )
2 𝑔
Design horizontal seismic coefficient (Ah ) = 𝑅 [IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016, Cl.
( )
𝐼
6.4.2]
0.24
( )×2.5
2
= 5 = 0.09
( )
1.5
Page 17
CE 610
Design lateral force ( VB ) = Ah × W [IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016, Cl.

7.2.1]
= 0.09 × 8942.84 = 804.855 Kn
Along Y-direction:
The approximate fundamental translational natural period of oscillation is given by:

0.09 h
Ta = [IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016, Cl.
√𝑑
7.6.2]
0.09 ×13 .85
= = 0.4288 sec
√8.45
Zone factor for Patna (Z) = 0.24 (zone IV) [IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016,
Annex. E]
Importance factor (I) = 1.5 (Police headquarter) [IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016, Table
8]
Response reduction factor (R) = 5 [IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016, Table
9]
𝑆
Design acceleration coefficient ( 𝑔𝑎 ) = 2.5 [IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016, Cl.
6.4.2]
𝑍 𝑆
( )( 𝑎 )
2 𝑔
Design horizontal seismic coefficient (Ah ) = 𝑅 [IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016, Cl.
( )
𝐼
6.4.2]
0.24
( )×2.5
2
= 5 = 0.09
( )
1.5
Design lateral force ( VB ) = Ah × W [IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016, Cl.

7.2.1]
= 0.09 ×8942.84 = 804.855 Kn
2.2.4 Calculation of base shear (𝑽𝑩 ) using response spectrum method
The building is idealized as having a lumped mass and stiffness in various storey’s with
each mass having one degree of freedom, that of lateral displacement in the direction under
consideration. So, we must assign mass matrix and stiffness matrix in this case.
Page 18
CE 610
Mass Matrix:
𝑀1 0 0 0 0
0 𝑀2 0 0 0
M = 0 0 𝑀3 0 0
0 0 0 𝑀4 0
[0 0 0 0 𝑀5 ]
93.33 0 0 0 0
0 221.34 0 0 0
3
= 10 × 0 0 221.34 0 0 kg
0 0 0 221.34 0
[ 0 0 0 0 154.24]
Modulus of elasticity of concrete (E) = 5000√𝑓ck N/mm2 [IS 456 : 2000]

= 5000√ 30 × 106 = 2.73861 × 1010 N/m2
Stiffness of lumped mass:

0.3×0.453 0.45×0.33
12EI 8×12×2.73861 ×1010 × 8×12× 2.73861×1010 ×
𝑘1 = = 12
+ 12
= 50.0653 × 108
𝐿3 1.23 1.23
N/m
𝑘2 = 𝑘3 = 𝑘4 = 𝑘5
0.3 × 0.453
8 × 12 × 2.73861 × 1010 ×
= 12
3. 13
0.45 × 0. 33
8 × 12 × 2.73861 × 1010 ×
+ 12
3. 13
8
= 2.9040 × 10 N/m
Stiffness matrix is given by:

 k1  k 2  k2 0 0 0   52.9693  2.9040 0 0 0 
 k k2  k3  k3 0 0   2.9040 5.8080  2.9040 0 0 
 2   
K 0  k3 k3  k4  k4 0   108   0  2.9040 5.8080  2.9040 0 
   
 0 0  k4 k4  k5  k5   0 0  2 . 9040 5 . 8080  2 . 9040
 0 0 0 k 5 k5   0 0 0  2.9040 2.9040 
N/m
For the above stiffness and mass matrices, eigen values and eigen vectors are worked
out using MATLAB’s eig function as:
[V, D] = eig(𝑀\𝐾)
Where D is a diagonal matrix representing eigen values and V represents the

corresponding eigen vectors. The eigen values calculated are the square of natural
frequencies for each mode and the eigen vectors are mode shapes of that mode as shown
below:
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CE 610
56830.45 0 0 0 0
0 4756.9 0 0 0
𝐷 = 𝑤𝑛2 = 0 0 3300.01 0 0
0 0 0 1447.1 0
[ 0 0 0 0 177.08]
0.997 0.0210 −0.0354 −0.0331 0.0134

−0.0242 0.3501 −0.6080 −0.5875 0.2439
V= 0.0006 −0.5899 0.3486 −0.4940 0.4416
0.0000 0.6084 0.4284 0.1443 0.5797
0.0000 −0.3987 −0.5963 0.6235 0.6398
The time periods of different modes are given by:

0.0263 0 0 0 0
2π 0 0.091 0 0 0
𝑇= = 0 0 0.109 0 0 𝑠𝑒𝑐 .
𝑤𝑛
0 0 0 0.165 0
[ 0 0 0 0 0.472]
Modal mass:
Modal mass Mk for mode k is given by:

2
[∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑊𝑖 𝛷 ik
]
𝑀𝑘 = [IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016, Cl. 7.7.5.4]
𝑔 ∑𝑛 (
)2
Where,
g = acceleration due to gravity.
𝛷ik= mode shape coefficient for floor i in mode k.
Wi = Seismic weight of floor I of the structure.
n = number of floors of the structure.
Substituting all the values in above equation, we get:
M1 =89.90× 103 kg
M2 = 4.183 × 103 kg
M3 = 45.93 × 103 kg
M4 = 53.39 × 103 kg
M5 = 717.63 × 103 kg
8942.84×1000
Total mass of the structure is given as (M) = = 910.013 × 103 kg
9.81
Modal mass participation for each mode is given by:
𝑀1 89.90× 103
For mode 1: = = 0.098 = 9.8%
𝑀 910.013×103
𝑀2 4.183 ×103
For mode 2: = = 0.00459 = 0.459%
𝑀 910.013×103
𝑀3 45.93×103
For mode 3: = = 0.0504 = 5.04%
𝑀 910.013×103
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CE 610
𝑀4 53.39×103
For mode 4: = = 0.0586 = 5.866%
𝑀 910.013×103
𝑀5 717 .63×103
For mode 5: = = 0.7885 = 78.85%
𝑀 910.013×103
Mode participation factor:
Mode participation factor Pk for mode k is given by:

∑𝑛 𝑊𝑖 𝛷 ik
𝑃𝑘 = ∑𝑛 𝑖=1 ( )2
[IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016, Cl.
7.7.5.4]
Substituting all the values, we get:
𝑃1 = 0.9786
𝑃2 = −0.009
𝑃3 = −0.4485
𝑃4 = −0.3468 and 𝑃5 = 1.918
Design lateral force at each floor in each mode:
Peak lateral force Q ik at floor I in mode k is given by:

𝑄ik = 𝐴𝑘 𝛷ik 𝑃𝑘 𝑊𝑖 [IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016, Cl. 7.7.5.4]
Where,
Ak = design horizontal acceleration spectrum value as per Cl. 6.4.2 of IS 1893 (Part 1)
: 2016, which is given by;
𝑍 𝑆ak 𝐼
𝐴hk = ( ) ( ) ( )
2 𝑔 𝑅
𝑆ak
Where, design acceleration coefficient ( ) for each mode and for hard soils is given
𝑔
by:
2.5 𝑇 < 0.40s

𝑆ak 1
( )={ 0.4s < 𝑇 < 4.00s
𝑔 𝑇
0.25 𝑇 > 4.00s
𝑆
For T1 = 0.0263 ⇒ 𝑔a1 = 2.5
𝑆a2
For T2 = 0.091 ⇒ = 2.5
𝑔
𝑆a3
For T3 = 0.109 ⇒ = 2.5
𝑔
𝑆a4
For T4 = 0.165 ⇒ = 2.5
𝑔
𝑆a5
For T5 = 0.472 ⇒ = 2.11
𝑔
Substituting all the values, the values of Ahk for different modes is given by:
Ah1 = 0.09 ; Ah2 = 0.09 ; Ah3 = 0.09 ; Ah4 = 0.09 and Ah5 = 0.075
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Similarly, the value of peak lateral force Q ik at each floor in ach mode is given by:
𝐴h1 𝛷11 𝑃1 𝑊1 0.075 × (−0.9976) × (0.9786) × 1513.13 −110.78

𝐴h1 𝛷21 𝑃1 𝑊2 0.09 × (−0.0219) × (0.9786) × 2171.36 −4.188
𝑄i1 = 𝐴h1 𝛷31 𝑃1 𝑊3 = 0.09 × (0.0006) × (0.9786) × 2171.36 = 0.114 kN
𝐴h1 𝛷41 𝑃1 𝑊4 0.09 × (0.0000) × (0.9786) × 2171.36 0
[𝐴h1 𝛷51 𝑃1 𝑊5 ] [ 0.09 × (0.0000) × (0.9786) × 915.58 ] [ 0 ]
−0.0214 1.81 1.302

−0.615 53.28 39.81
Similarly, 𝑄i2 = 1.037 kN; Q i3 = −30.55 kN; Q i4 = 33.47 kN; Q i5 =
−1.07 −37.54 −9.77
[ 0.2956 ] [ 22.03 ] [−17.91]
2.916
91.41
165.52 kN
217.283
[ 101.11 ]
Combination of modes:
Peak lateral force Q i in storey I due to all modes considered is obtained by combining
these due to each mode in accordance with modal combination. Since the building does
not have closely spaced modes, the peak response quantity (𝜆) due to all modes
considered shall be obtained as (Using SRSS method of modal combination):
𝜆 = √∑𝑁𝑚(
𝜆 )2
𝑖=1 𝑘
[IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016, Cl. 7.7.5.3]
Where,
𝜆 𝑘= peak response quantity in mode k
N m = number of modes considered.
Using the above method:

𝑄1 = √(𝑄11 )2 + (𝑄12 )2 + (𝑄13 )2 + (𝑄14 )2 + (𝑄15 )2 =
√(−110.78)2 + (−0.0214)2 + (1.81)2 + (1.302)2 + (2.916)2
= 110.84 kN
𝑄2 = √(𝑄21 )2 + (𝑄22 )2 + (𝑄23 )2 + (𝑄24 )2 + (𝑄25 )2 =
√(−4.188)2 + (−0.615)2 + (53.28)2 + (39.81)2 + (91.41)2
= 113.12 kN
𝑄3 = √(𝑄31 )2 + (𝑄32 )2 + (𝑄33 )2 + (𝑄34 )2 + (𝑄35 )2 =
√(0.144)2 + (1.037)2 + (−30.55)2 + (33.47)2 + (165.52)2
= 171.61 kN
𝑄4 = √(𝑄41 )2 + (𝑄42 )2 + (𝑄43 )2 + (𝑄44 )2 + (𝑄45 )2 =
√(0)2 + (−1.07)2 + (−37.54)2 + (−9.77)2 + (217.283)2
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= 220.72 kN
𝑄5 = √(𝑄51 )2 + (𝑄52 )2 + (𝑄53 )2 + (𝑄54 )2 + (𝑄55 )2 =
√(0)2 + (0.2956)2 + (22.03)2 + (17.91)2 + (101.11)2
= 105.08 kN
Design base shear (VB )
Design base shear estimated using response spectrum method is given by:
VB = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 + Q5 = 110.84+113.12+171.61+220.72+105.08=721.31 kN
2.2.5 Base shear correction
Since the base shear estimated using response spectrum method (VB) is more than the base
shear estimated using equivalent static method (𝑉 BX and 𝑉𝐵𝑌 ). So, there is need of
multiplying correction factor for force response quantities is given by as per Cl. 7.7.3 of IS
1893 (Part 1) : 2016:
𝑉BX 𝑉 BY 804 .855

Base shear correction = = = = 1.11 , Hence need of base shear correction
𝑉𝐵 𝑉𝐵 721 .31
factor as this value is greater than 1.
3 Development and analysis of a 3D computational model of bare-frame structure

using SAP 2000
3.1 Begin a new model
At first, the basic grid that will serve as a template for developing the model is defined. This
is done by opening New Model in the software window and laying out grid by defining major
geometrical aspects of the model. The Quick Grid Lines form (Figure 8) is used to specify the
grids and spacing in the X, Y and Z directions. The number of grid lines is set to 4 in the X
and Y direction, and to 6 in the Z directions. Define grid data form (Figure 8) is used to
specify the irregular spacing in the X, Y and Z directions. Figure 9 shows generated bare
frame model.
3.2 Defining material
Used the Define menu > Materials command to add, modify, or delete a material property
definition. The material property definitions are then used in defining the structural objects.
Material properties like unit weight, Poisson’s ratio, grade of steel and concrete is defined
and then clicked OK to exit.
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Figure 7: Quick grid lines and grid data form for defining geometry of model.
Figure 8: Computational model of bare frame
3.3 Defining frame sections and adding restrains
Defining a frame section makes the section available for assignment to selected frame
objects. The Define menu> Frame Sections command can be used to import sections from
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predefined databases, define frame section properties on the basis of their dimensions, review
and modify section properties, and delete section properties.
Supports for the frame are also defined in this step. Make sure that the X-Y Plane @ Z=0
view is active, and that the program is in the Select mode. Now select the support nodes i.e.
nodes at Z=0. Click the Assign menu > Joint > Restraints command to bring up the Joint
Restraints form (Figure 10). Click the Fixed support button to assign restraints in the
Translation and Rotation in 1, 2 and 3 directions. Click OK to accept the changes.
Figure 9: Assigning joint restrains.
3.4 Defining load patterns
The loads used in this problem consist of Dead, Dead Wall, Dead Slab, Dead FF (Floor
finish), Dead RT (Roof treatment), Live and Live Roof loads acting in the gravity direction.
Click the Define menu > Load Patterns command to bring up the Define Load Patterns form .
Note there is a single default load case defined which is Dead Load case with self-weight
(DEAD). In SAP2000, both Load Patterns and Load Cases exist, and they may be different.
However, the program automatically creates a corresponding Load case when a load pattern
is defined, and the load cases are available for review at the time the analysis is run.
Click in the edit box for the Load Pattern Name column. Type the name of the new load
pattern, DEAD Wall. Select a Type of load from the drop-down list; in this case, select
SUPER DEAD. Make sure that the Self-weight multiplier is set to zero. Click the Add New
Load Pattern button to add the Dead Wall load to the load list.
Repeat the above steps, to add Dead Slab, Dead FF, Dead RT load cases.
Type the name of the new load pattern, LIVE. Select LIVE, a Type of load from the drop-
down list. Make sure that the Self-weight Multiplier is set to zero. Click the Add New Load
Pattern button to add the Live load to the load list.
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Figure 10: Defining load patterns
Type the name of the new load pattern, LIVE ROOF. Select ROOF LIVE, a Type of load
from the drop-down list. Make sure that the Self-weight Multiplier is set to zero. Click the
Add New Load Pattern button to add the Live load to the load list.
The Define Loads form should now appear as shown in Figure 11. Click the OK button in
that form to accept the newly defined static load cases.
3.5 Assigning Loads
In this Step, the Dead and Live loads will be applied to the model.
DEAD WALL load
Make sure that the X-Y Plane @ Z=1.2 view is active, and that the program is in the select
mode. Select the all external walls in X-Y Plane at level Z=1.2, Z= 4.3, Z=7.4 & Z=10.5.
Click the Assign menu > Frame Loads > Distributed command. This brings up the Frame
Distributed Loads form. Select DEAD WALL from the Load Case Name drop-down list and
verify units. In the Load Type and Direction area, verify that the Forces option is selected and
that the Gravity direction is selected. Click the OK button to accept the DEAD WALL load.
Select all internal walls in X-Y Plane at level Z=1.2, Z= 4.3, Z=7.4 & Z=10.5.Click the
Assign menu > Frame Loads > Distributed command.
Thereafter, we assigned DEAD SLAB load, DEAD FF (Floor Finish) load, DEAD RT (Roof
Treatment) load, LIVE Load and LIVE ROOF load.
3.6 Assigning Rigid Diaphragm
Make sure that the X-Y Plane @ Z=4.3 view is active, and that the program is in the select
mode. Select all the nodes at Z= 4.3, Z=7.4, Z=10.5 & Z=13.6 level. Click the Assign menu >
Joint >Constraints command. This brings up the Assign/Define Constraint form. In the
Choose Constraint Type to Add area, click the drop-down list and select Diaphragm.
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Figure 11: Defining Diaphragm constraint
Click the Add New Constraint button, which will display Diaphragm Constraint form (Figure
12). Type Floor Diaphragm in the Constraint Name edit box. erify that the Z Axis option is
selected in the Constraint Axis area. Click the OK buttons on the Diaphragm Constraint and
the Assign/Define constraints forms to exit all forms.
3.7 Defining Response Spectrum Function
A response-spectrum function is simply a list of period versus spectral-acceleration values. In

SAP2000, the acceleration values in the function are assumed to be normalized; that is, the
functions themselves are not assumed to have units. Instead, the units are associated with a
scale factor that multiplies the function and that is specified when the response-spectrum
analysis case is defined.
Click the Define menu > Functions > Response Spectrum Functions command, which will
display Define Response Spectrum Function form. In the Choose the Function Type to Add
area, Select Spectrum from IS1893:2016 from drop-down list. Click the Add New Function
button, which will display Response Spectrum function Definition form (Figure 13). Select
Seismic Zone IV, Importance Factor 1.5, Soil type II (medium soil), and Response Reduction
Factor as 5. Check for function damping ratio as 0.05. Click on Display Graph, then click the
OK button. on the Response Spectrum Function Definitions and the Define Response
spectrum functions forms to exit all forms.
Response spectrum load case and mass source are defined next.
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Figure 12: Defining Response spectrum function.
3.8 Running Analysis
On running the analysis the program created the analysis model from our object based
SAP2000 model. Data is scrolled in this window as the program runs the analysis. This
information may be accessed at a later time by going to the File menu > Show Input/Output
Text Files command and selecting the file with the .LOG extension. When the analysis is
finished, the message “ANALYSIS COMPLETE” is displayed. The program then
automatically displayed a deformed shape view of the model, and the model is locked.
Locking the model prevents any changes to the model that would invalidate the analysis
results. After this the base shear correction is applied and different load combinations are also
defined for the analysis.
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Figure 13: Running analysis.
3.9 Graphically reviewing result
In this Step, the analysis result is reviewed using graphical representation of the results.
Make sure that the X-Y Plane @ Z=0 view is active. Then click on the XZ View button to
reset the view to an elevation. Click the Show Forces/Stresses > Frames/Cables button or the
Display menu > Show Forces/Stresses > Frames/Cables command to bring up the Member
Force Diagram for Frames. Select DEAD from the Case / Combo Name drop-down list.
Select the Shear 2-2 option. Check the Fill Diagram check box. Click the OK button to
generate the Shear force diagram shown in Figure 15.
Figure 14 : Shear force diagram of building.
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CE 610
Right click on the any column in the X-Z view to bring up the Diagram for Frame Object
window (Figure 16). Note that the program displays the force diagrams for the entire
column. Select DEAD in the Case drop-down list. elect Major (V2 and M3) in the Item drop-
down list. Click the Scroll for Values option and you may obtain the values at any location by
moving the mouse over the diagrams with the left button held down. Click the Done button to
close the form.
Figure 15 : Analysis of a column from building.
Make sure that the X-Z View is active and then click the Display menu > Show Deformed
Shape command or the Show Deformed Shape button, to bring up the Deformed Shape form
(Figure 17). Select MODAL from the Case/Combo Name drop-down box. Check the Cubic
Curve check box. Click the OK button to display first Mode shape. Click the Start Animation
button on the status bar at the bottom of the screen to animate the first mode shape. Click the
Right Arrow button on the status bar at the bottom of the screen to view the next mode
shape.
Right click on any joint to display the Joint Displacements results.
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Figure16: Deformed shape of building corresponding to mode1.
4 Design of Beams
Given data: G+3 Storey Police headquarter Patna Bihar
 Material specifications:
Material Grade Unit weight Elastic modulus
Concrete M30 25 KN/𝑚3 21718 MPa
Steel FE500 76.85 KN/𝑚3 205000 MPa
Masonry … 20 KN/𝑚3 …
 Member dimensions:
Member Dimensions
Beam 300 mm x 500 mm
Column 300 mm x450 mm
Slab thickness 150 mm
Exterior wall thickness with plaster 230 mm (including plaster)
Interior wall thickness with plaster 150 mm (including plaster)
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 Loadings:
Loading type value
Imposed load on floor 3 KN/𝑚2
Imposed load on roof 1.5 KN/𝑚2 (Table 2, IS 875 PART
2)
Floor finish 1 KN/𝑚2
Roof treatment 1.5 KN/𝑚2
Ceiling plaster 0.25 KN/𝑚2 (Table 2, IS 875
PART 1)
For designing we considered beam on first floor (B13, B14, B15) along frame y4. For
different load combination we calculate shear force, bending moment, torsion, and axial
forces. Software SAP 200 is used for analysis purpose and excel sheet is obtained from report
and after obtaining different values we are designing different element like beam, column,
and beam-column joint. Critical values are focus point in the designing.
Loads Load combination

Dead load (Dl) 1.2(DL + LL ± EQX)
Live load (Ll) 1.2(DL + LL ± EQY)
Earthquake load in x direction (EQ x ) 1.5(DL ± EQX)
Earthquake load in y direction (EQ Y) 1.5(DL ± EQY)
0.9DL ± 1.5 EQX
0.9DL ± 1.5 EQY
1.5(DL + LL)
4.1 Check for member size:

Table 4 shows the calculation for check for beam member size of beams B13, B14, B15.
Table4: Check for beam size.

Width, Depth, Clear
Beam B D span Check for member size
(mm) (mm) (mm)
B = 300 mm > 200 mm Hence, ok (Cl. 6.1.2 IS
13920: 2016)
B 300
D = 500 mm;   0.6  0.3,
D 500
B13 300 500 4550 Hence ok (Cl. 6.1.1 IS 13920: 2016)
1 4525
th of clear span = = 1131.25 mm > 500 mm
4 4
(D)
Hence ok Cl. 6.1.3 IS 13920: 2016
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B = 300 mm > 200 mm, hence ok (Cl. 6.1.2 IS

13920: 2016)
D = 450mm; B  300 = 0.6 > 0.3,

D 500
B14 300 500 4550 Hence ok (Cl. 6.1.1 IS 13920: 2016)
1 4525
th of clear span = 4 = 1131.25 mm > 500 mm
4
(D)
Hence Cl. 6.1.3 of IS 13920: 2016 is satisfied
B = 300 mm > 200 mm Hence, ok (Cl. 6.1.2 IS
13920: 2016)
D = 500 mm; B  300  0.6  0.3,

D 500
B15 300 500 4550 Hence ok (Cl. 6.1.1 IS 13920: 2016)
1 4525
th of clear span = = 1131.25 mm > 500 mm
4 4
(D)
Hence ok Cl. 6.1.3 IS 13920: 2016
4.2 Design forces for different load combinations
Table 5 shows design forces in beams for different load combinations.
Table5: Design forces for different load combinations
Beam B13:
LEFT END CENTER RIGHT END

S. MOMENT MOMENT MOMENT
NO. LOAD COMBINATION SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR (KN)
(KN-M) (KN-M) (KN-M)
(KN) (KN)
1 1.5(DL+IL) -82.423 -52.1095 7.006 51.9704 96.434 -87.1372
2 1.5(DL+EQX) -18.781 86.3875 58.834 44.825 136.45 59.7551
3 1.5(DL-EQX) -124.8 -276.1682 -47.185 42.3328 30.431 -207.7837
4 1.5(DL+EQY) -71.263 -43.6769 6.353 43.686 83.969 82.912
5 1.5(DL-EQY) -72.319 -46.1039 5.297 43.4719 -72.5866 -75.4419
6 0.9DL+1.5EQX 9.935 104.3437 56.504 27.3935 103.074 89.3608
7 0.9DL-1.5EQX -96.084 -158.2121 -49.515 24.9013 -2.945 -178.178
8 0.9DL+1.5EQY -42.546 -25.7207 4.023 26.2544 50.592 -42.9809
9 0.9DL-1.5EQY -43.603 -28.1477 2.967 26.0403 49.536 -45.8362
10 1.2(DL+LL+EQX) -23.531 63.3347 48.012 42.5732 119.554 37.3057
11 1.2(DL+LL-EQX) -108.346 -146.7099 -36.803 40.5794 34.739 -176.7253
12 1.2(DL+LL+EQY) -65.515 -40.7168 6.027 41.662 77.57 -68.5677
13 1.2(DL+LL-EQY) -66.361 -42.6584 5.182 41.4906 76.724 -70.8519
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Beam B14:
LEFT END CENTR RIGHT END

S. E
NO. LOAD COMBINATION MOMENT MOMENT MOMENT
SHEAR (KN-M) SHEAR (KN-M) SHEAR (KN) (KN-M)
(KN) (KN)
1 1.5(DL+IL) 89.428 -81.0889 1.47E-14 40.5049 89.428 -81.0889
2 1.5(DL+EQX) 22.124 69.787 55.492 34.089 133.107 69.787
3 1.5(DL-EQX) 133.107 -207.6715 -55.492 34.089 22.124 -207.6715
4 1.5(DL+EQY) -77.616 -68.7463 1.10E-06 34.2849 77.616 -68.7463
5 1.5(DL-EQY) -77.616 -68.7463 1.10E-06 34.2849 77.616 -68.7463
6 0.9DL+1.5EQX 8.922 97.3639 5.55E+01 20.4534 102.061 97.3639
7 0.9DL-1.5EQX -102.061 -180.0946 5.55E+01 20.4534 -8.922 -180.0946
8 0.9DL+1.5EQY -46.569 -41.1694 1.10E-06 20.6493 46.569 41.1604
9 0.9DL-1.5EQY -46.569 -41.1694 1.10E-06 20.6493 46.569 41.1604
10 1.2(DL+LL+EQX) -27.149 40.1123 4.44E+01 32.4039 115.936 46.1123
11 1.2(DL+LL-EQX) 115.936 -175.8545 -4.44E+01 32.4039 27.149 -175.8545
12 1.2(DL+LL+EQY) -71.542 -64.7144 8.78E-07 32.5606 71.543 -64.7144
13 1.2(DL+LL-EQY) -71.542 -64.7144 8.78E-07 32.5606 71.543 -64.7144
Beam B15:
LEFT END CENTRE RIGHT END

S. MOMENT MOMENT MOMENT
NO. LOAD SHEAR (KN) SHEAR (KN) SHEAR (KN)
(KN-M) (KN-M) (KN-M)
COMBINATION
1 1.5(DL+IL) -82.423 -52.1095 7.006 51.9704 96.434 -87.1372
2 1.5(DL+EQX) -18.781 86.3875 58.834 44.825 136.45 59.7551
3 1.5(DL-EQX) -124.8 -276.1682 -47.185 42.3328 30.431 -207.7837
4 1.5(DL+EQY) -71.263 -43.6769 6.353 43.686 83.969 82.912
5 1.5(DL-EQY) -72.319 -46.1039 5.297 43.4719 -72.5866 -75.4419
6 0.9DL+1.5EQX 9.935 104.3437 56.504 27.3935 103.074 89.3608
7 0.9DL-1.5EQX -96.084 -158.2121 -49.515 24.9013 -2.945 -178.178
8 0.9DL+1.5EQY -42.546 -25.7207 4.023 26.2544 50.592 -42.9809
9 0.9DL-1.5EQY -43.603 -28.1477 2.967 26.0403 49.536 -45.8362
10 1.2(DL+LL+EQX) -23.531 63.3347 48.012 42.5732 119.554 37.3057
11 1.2(DL+LL-EQX) -108.346 -146.7099 -36.803 40.5794 34.739 -176.7253
12 1.2(DL+LL+EQY) -65.515 -40.7168 6.027 41.662 77.57 -68.5677
13 1.2(DL+LL-EQY) -66.361 -42.6584 5.182 41.4906 76.724 -70.8519
4.3 Checks
Check for axial stresses:
Factored maximum axial force for beam no. 13 obtained using an SAP software is 0.012kN.
As, this is less than 0.08 𝑓𝑐𝑘, so as per clause 6.1 of IS 13920(2016), we need to design the
beam no.13 as flexural member, otherwise, we need to design it as beam column.
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Factored maximum axial force for beam no. 14 obtained using an SAP software is 0.09 kN.
beam no.14 as flexural member, otherwise, we need to design it as beam column.
Factored maximum axial force for beam no. 15 obtained using an SAP software is 0.122 kN.
beam no. 15 as flexural member, otherwise, we need to design it as beam column.
Check for member size:
 Width of beam, (B)= 300 mm, as it is more than 200 mm, so, it is OK as per clause
6.1.2 of IS 13920(2016). This is applicable for all three beams nos. 13,14 and 15.
 Depth of beam, (D)= 500 mm; B/D=300/500=0.6>0.3, Hence OK as per clause 6.1.3
of IS 13920(2016). This is applicable for all three beams nos. 13,14 and 15.
Check for limiting longitudinal reinforcement:
 Effective depth for moderate exposure conditions with 16 mm diameter bars in two
layers on an average:
d = Overall depth of beam-clear cover-stirrup bar diameter-diameter of main bar-half
of main bar diameter
d= 500-30-8-16-(16/2) =438 mm
 Maximum and minimum reinforcement (clause 6.2.1 and 6.2.2 of IS 13920(2016))
√𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝐴𝑠𝑡 ,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.24 (Bd)=0.0026*300*438=341.64 mm2
𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑠𝑡 ,𝑚𝑎𝑥 =0.025 (Bd)= 0.025*300*438=3285 mm2
4.4 Design for flexure:
BEAM B13
Reinforcement calculation for left end of beam 13:
For hogging moment at this end, beam will be designed as of rectangular c/s.
𝑀𝑢 = 276.1682, this is hogging moment at this end
𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 for singly reinforced rectangular c/s as per Annexure G of IS 456(2000):

𝑥 𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑥 𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 0.36 (1-0.42 )B𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝑑 𝑑
 𝑥 𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 will be obtained using strain diagram given as per assumptions in clause 38.1
of IS 456(2000) as:
0.0035 0.0035
𝑥 𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 /(𝑑 − 𝑥 𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 )= 0.87𝑓𝑦 = 0.00418 = 0.837
+0.002
𝐸𝑠
𝑥 𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.456 ∗ 438 = 𝟏𝟗𝟗. 𝟕𝟐𝟖 𝒎𝒎
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So, 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 𝟐𝟐𝟗. 𝟏𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎
As, 𝑀𝑢 > 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 , so we need to design the beam c/s as doubly- reinforced section. Tensile
steel for this case can be calculated as per IS 456(2000) as:
𝑝𝑡 = % 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙
𝑝𝑡,𝑙𝑖𝑚 = % 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑝𝑡 ,2 = 𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 (𝑀𝑢 − 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 )
Where 𝑝𝑡,𝑙𝑖𝑚 can be obtained using following formula:

0.36 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑥 𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑝𝑡,𝑙𝑖𝑚 = =1.132 %
0.87 𝑓𝑦 𝑑
For calculation of 𝑝𝑡,2 , we will use following formula:
𝑑′ (𝑀𝑢 −𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 )
0.87𝑓𝑦 𝑝𝑡 ,2 (1 − )= where d’ is effective cover to top steel bars and is
𝑑 𝐵 𝑑2
taken as 62 mm.
𝑝𝑡,2 = 0.244%
𝑝𝑡 = 𝑝𝑡,𝑙𝑖𝑚 + 𝑝𝑡,2 = 1.132 + 0.244 = 1.376%

So, we are going to provide for percentage of steel equal to 1.376% near top face at left end
of beam 13.
Percentage of compression steel required to resist (𝑀𝑢 − 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 ) can be calculated using
following formula:
0.87 𝑓𝑦
𝑝𝑐 = 𝑝𝑡 ,2 ( )
𝑓𝑠𝑐 − 𝑓𝑐𝑐
Where 𝑓𝑠𝑐 = Stress in compression steel
𝑓𝑐𝑐 = Stress in concrete at the level of compression steel
So, first we need to calculate these 𝑓𝑠𝑐 & 𝑓𝑐𝑐
𝑑′
As per IS 456(2000), for values of ≤ 0.2, 𝑓𝑐𝑐 = 0.446 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑑
For calculating 𝑓𝑠𝑐 , we need to use RCC formula for doubly reinforced beam, which for
𝑑′
= 0.14155
𝑑
and FE500 will give 𝑓𝑠𝑐 = 370 𝑀𝑃𝑎
so, we will get 𝑝𝑐 = 0.2976 %. But as per clause 6.2.3 of IS 13920(2016), we must need to
provide steel near compression face equal to at least half of steel near tension face of beam.
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CE 610
So, steel required near bottom face (for hogging moment, bottom face is compression face):
1.24/2= 0.688%.
From consideration of sagging moment at left end of beam:
𝑀𝑢 = 𝟏𝟎𝟒. 𝟒𝟒𝒌𝑵𝒎
The beam will be designed as L-beam by assuming 𝑥 𝑢 < 𝐷𝑓 and 𝑥 𝑢 < 𝑥 𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 , so, we can
use formula given in Annexure G of IS 456(2000) as:
𝑓 𝐴
𝑀𝑢 =0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑑(1 − (𝐵 𝑦𝑑𝑓𝑠𝑡 ))
𝑓 𝑐𝑘
Where 𝐵𝑓 = effective width of flange and will be calculated using clause 23.1.2 of IS
456(2000) as:
𝐿0
𝐵𝑓 = 𝐼𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 + 𝐵𝑤 + 3 𝐷𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐/𝑐 distance b/w adjacent spans
12
Where 𝐿 0 = 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚. This may be taken as
0.7 times the effective span for continuous beams & frames, as per clause 23.1.2 of IS
456(2000).
𝐵𝑤 = 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑏. Here it is 300 mm.
𝐷𝑓 =Depth of flange, which is same as thickness of slab. Here it is 150 mm.
From above considerations, we will get 𝐵𝑓 = 1041.66 𝑚𝑚
We will get, 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝟔𝟖𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝟐.

𝐴𝑠𝑡
Percentage of steel= ∗ 100 =0.517 %. This steel is provided near bottom face. Now make
𝐵𝑤 𝑑
check for validity of assumptions used for this calculation as:
0 .87 𝑓 𝐴
 𝑥 𝑢 = 0.36𝑓 𝑦 𝐵𝑠𝑡 = 26.31 mm < 𝐷𝑓 & also 𝑥 𝑢 < 𝑥 𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 , so, OK.
𝑐𝑘 𝑓
No compression steel is required for this case because limiting moment of singly reinforced
section for this L-beam is 289.55 kNm, which is much more than sagging moment coming on
section (104.44 kNm). But as per clause 6.2.3 of IS 13920(2016), we must need to provide
steel near compression face equal to at least half of steel near tension face of beam. So, steel
required near top face: 0.517/2= 0.2585%.
Steel near top face = 1.24%
Steel near bottom face= 0.517%
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Reinforcement calculation for right end of beam B13
For hogging moment of -207.7837 kNm:
𝑀𝑢 = 𝟐𝟎𝟕. 𝟕𝟖𝟑𝟕 𝒌𝑵𝒎
𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 =229.15 (calculated already)
As, 𝑀𝑢 < 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 , so we need to design the beam c/s as singly under-reinforced rectangular
section as:
0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝑀𝑢 =0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡 (𝑑 − 0.42 ( ))
0.36𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐵
Solving for 𝐴𝑠𝑡 for given values, we will get 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟑. 𝟓𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝐴𝑠𝑡
% of tensile steel= ∗ 100 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟖%. This much steel is required near top face because
𝐵𝑑
this is for hogging moment. As per IS 456(2000), no steel is required near bottom face
(compression face in case of hogging moment). But as per clause 6.2.3 of IS 13920(2016),
we must need to provide steel near compression face equal to at least half of steel near
tension face of beam. So, steel required near top face: 1.02/2= 0.499%.
From consideration of sagging moment at right end of beam 13:
𝑀𝑢 = 𝟖𝟗. 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟖 𝒌𝑵𝒎
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝑀𝑢 =0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑑(1 − ( ))
𝐵𝑓 𝑑𝑓𝑐𝑘
Where 𝐵𝑓 =1041.66 mm, effective width of flange as calculated previous for left end of beam
𝐷𝑓 = 150 𝑚𝑚, Depth of flange, which is same as thickness of slab
We will get, 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝟒𝟖𝟗. 𝟒𝟐𝒎𝒎𝟐. This is steel at bottom. Now make check for validity of
assumptions used for this calculation as:
0 .87 𝑓𝑦𝐴𝑠𝑡
 𝑥𝑢 = = 18.924mm < 𝐷𝑓 & also 𝑥 𝑢 < 𝑥 𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 , so, OK.
0.36𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐵𝑓
𝐴
% of steel=𝐵 𝑠𝑡𝑑 ∗ 100 =0.372 %.
𝑤
section (89.3608kNm). But as per clause 6.2.3 of IS 13920(2016), we must need to provide
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CE 610
required near top face: 0.372/2= 0.186 %.
Steel at top face = 0.998%
Steel at bottom face =0.372%
Reinforcement calculation for centre beam B13
From consideration of sagging moment at mid-section of beam:
𝑀𝑢 = 51.9705 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝑀𝑢 =0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑑(1 − ( ))
456(2000) as:
𝐿0
12
456(2000).
We will get, 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝟐𝟕𝟎. 𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝟐.

𝐴𝑠𝑡
Percentage of steel= ∗ 100 =.27 %. This steel is provided near bottom face. Now make
𝐵𝑤 𝑑
0 .87 𝑓 𝐴
𝑥 𝑢 = 0.36𝑓 𝑦 𝐵𝑠𝑡 = 10.45 mm < 𝐷𝑓 & also 𝑥 𝑢 < 𝑥 𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 , so, OK.
𝑐𝑘 𝑓
Hogging moment is not anywhere in the middle section of the beam so only reinforcement is
provided in the bottom section as a tension reinforcement.
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CE 610
required near top face: 0.27/2=.135 %. As per clause 6.2.1 and 6.2.2 of IS 13920(2016),
quantity of steel near top and bottom faces of beam no. 13 shall be between 341.64 𝑚𝑚2 and
3285 𝑚𝑚2 . So, let us provide 450 𝑚𝑚2 .
Summary of provided reinforcement for BEAM B13
LEFT END MID-SECTION RIGHT END

NEAR TOP FACE 9-16 φ 4-12 φ (0.277%) 6-16 φ+1-12 φ
(1.398%) (450 𝑚𝑚2 ) (0.998%)
(1808.064 𝑚𝑚2 ) (1313.55 𝑚𝑚2 )
NEAR BOTTOM 3-16 φ+1-12 φ 4-12 φ (0.277%) 5-12 φ
FACE (1.248%) (450 𝑚𝑚2 ) (0.372%)
(680.55 𝑚𝑚2 ) (565.52 𝑚𝑚2 )
BEAM B15
Beam no. 15 is symmetric to beam no. 13 and thus subjected to similar kind of force
responses. We do not need to make fresh calculations for reinforcements for this beam and
only need to carefully rearrange values already calculated for beam no. 13, as shown in below
tables:
Summary of provided reinforcement for BEAM B15

NEAR TOP FACE 6-16 φ+1-12 φ 4-12 φ (0.277%) 9-16 φ
(1313.55 𝑚𝑚2 ) (450 𝑚𝑚2 ) (1808.064 𝑚𝑚2 )
NEAR BOTTOM 5-12 φ 4-12 φ (0.277%) 3-16 φ+1-12 φ
FACE (565.52 𝑚𝑚2 ) (450 𝑚𝑚2 ) (680.55 𝑚𝑚2 )
BEAM B14
Reinforcement calculation for left end of beam 14
For hogging moment at this end, beam14 will be designed as of rectangular c/s.
𝑀𝑢 = -207.6715, this is hogging moment at this end

𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 0.36 (1-0.42 )B𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝑑 𝑑
of IS 456(2000) as:
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CE 610
0.0035 0.0035
𝑥 𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 /(𝑑 − 𝑥 𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 )= 0.87𝑓 𝑦 = 0.00418 = 0.837
+0.002
𝐸𝑠
𝑥 𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.456 ∗ 438 = 𝟏𝟗𝟗. 𝟕𝟐𝟖 𝒎𝒎
As, 𝑀𝑢 < 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 , so we need to design the beam c/s as singly- reinforced section. Tensile
0.87𝑓 𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝑀𝑢 =0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡 (𝑑 − 0.42 ( 0.36𝑓𝑦 ))
𝑐𝑘 𝐵
Solving for 𝐴𝑠𝑡 for given values, we will get 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝟏. 𝟓𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝐴𝑠𝑡
% of tensile steel= ∗ 100 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗%. This much steel is required near top face because this
𝐵𝑑
is for hogging moment. As per IS 456(2000), no steel is required near bottom face
From consideration of sagging moment at left end of beam 14 :
𝑀𝑢 = 𝟗𝟕. 𝟑𝟔𝟗𝒌𝑵𝒎
𝑓 𝐴
𝑓 𝑐𝑘
456(2000) as:
𝐿0
12
456(2000).
We will get, 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝟓𝟑𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝟐.
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CE 610
𝐴𝑠𝑡
Percentage of steel= ∗ 100 =0.2422 %. This steel is provided near bottom face. Now
𝐵𝑤 𝑑
make check for validity of assumptions used for this calculation as:
0 .87 𝑓 𝐴
 𝑥 𝑢 = 0.36𝑓 𝑦 𝐵𝑠𝑡 = 20.12 mm < 𝐷𝑓 & also 𝑥 𝑢 < 𝑥 𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 , so, OK.
𝑐𝑘 𝑓
Reinforcement calculation for Right end of beam 14
For hogging moment at this end, beam14 will be designed as of rectangular c/s.
𝑀𝑢 = -207.6715, this is hogging moment at this end

𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 0.36 (1-0.42 )B𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝑑 𝑑
of IS 456(2000) as:
0.0035 0.0035
𝑥 𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 /(𝑑 − 𝑥 𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 )= 0.87𝑓 𝑦 = 0.00418 = 0.837
+0.002
𝐸𝑠
𝑥 𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.456 ∗ 438 = 𝟏𝟗𝟗. 𝟕𝟐𝟖 𝒎𝒎
As, 𝑀𝑢 < 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 , so we need to design the beam c/s as singly- reinforced section. Tensile
0.87𝑓 𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝑀𝑢 =0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡 (𝑑 − 0.42 ( 0.36𝑓𝑦 ))
𝑐𝑘 𝐵
Solving for 𝐴𝑠𝑡 for given values, we will get 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝟏. 𝟓𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝐴𝑠𝑡
% of tensile steel= ∗ 100 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗%. This much steel is required near top face because this
𝐵𝑑
is for hogging moment. As per IS 456(2000), no steel is required near bottom face
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CE 610
From consideration of sagging moment at left end of beam 14 :
𝑀𝑢 = 𝟗𝟕. 𝟑𝟔𝟗𝒌𝑵𝒎
𝑓 𝐴
𝑓 𝑐𝑘
456(2000) as:
𝐿0
12
456(2000).
We will get, 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝟓𝟑𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝟐.

𝐴𝑠𝑡
Percentage of steel= ∗ 100 =0.2422 %. This steel is provided near bottom face. Now
𝐵𝑤 𝑑
make check for validity of assumptions used for this calculation as:
0 .87 𝑓𝑦𝐴𝑠𝑡
 𝑥𝑢 = = 20.12 mm < 𝐷𝑓 & also 𝑥 𝑢 < 𝑥 𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 , so, OK.
0.36𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐵𝑓
Reinforcement calculation for centre of beam 14
From consideration of sagging moment at mid-section of beam:
𝑀𝑢 = 40.5079 𝑘𝑁𝑚
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CE 610
𝑓 𝐴
𝑓 𝑐𝑘
456(2000) as:
𝐿0
12
456(2000).
We will get, 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝟐𝟏𝟓. 𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝟐.

𝐴𝑠𝑡
Percentage of steel= ∗ 100 =.163 %. This steel is provided near bottom face. Now make
𝐵𝑤 𝑑
0 .87 𝑓 𝐴
𝑥 𝑢 = 0.36𝑓 𝑦 𝐵𝑠𝑡 = 8.32 mm < 𝐷𝑓 & also 𝑥 𝑢 < 𝑥 𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 , so, OK.
𝑐𝑘 𝑓
Hogging moment is not anywhere in the middle section of the beam so only reinforcement is
provided in the bottom section as a tension reinforcement.
required near top face: 0.163/2=.09 %. As per clause 6.2.1 and 6.2.2 of IS 13920(2016),
quantity of steel near top and bottom faces of beam no. 13 shall be between 341.64 𝑚𝑚2 and
3285 𝑚𝑚2 . So, let us provide 480 𝑚𝑚2 .

NEAR TOP FACE 6-16 φ+1-12 φ 2-12 φ 6-16 φ+1-12 φ
(1.1%) (0.163) (1.1%)
(1301.55 𝑚𝑚2 ) (226 𝑚𝑚2 ) (1301.44 𝑚𝑚2 )
NEAR BOTTOM 5-12 φ 2-12 3-16 φ+1-12 φ
FACE (0.256%) φ(0.163) (0.256%)
(565.55 𝑚𝑚2 ) (226 𝑚𝑚2 ) (565.55 𝑚𝑚2 )
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CE 610
4.5 Check for anchorage length of reinforcement bar at an exterior joint
Anchorage length of reinforcement at exterior beam-column joint is checked. Since, width of

column is less along x direction, so the anchorage length of 12 mm diameter bar is checked at
exterior joint along x direction as shown below:
Anchorage length (X) = Ld + 10Φ – allowance for 90o bends [Cl. 6.2.5 IS 13920 : 2016]
Φσ s
Where Ld (development length) = [Cl. 26.2.1 IS 456 : 2000]
4τ bd
Where, design bond stress ( τ bd ) for M30 grade concrete and HYSD bars is given as =
1.6×1.5
=2.4N/mm2
12  0.87  500
 Ld 
[Cl.26.2.1.1 IS 456 : 20 4  2.4 =543.75 mm
Anchorage length (X) = 543.75 + 10×12 - 8×12
= 567.75 mm
For 16 mm φ bars: 𝐿 𝑑=725 mm
For 12 mm φ bars: 𝐿 𝑑=567 mm
So, 𝐿 𝑑 + 10 φ – 8 φ = Required anchorage length.
For 16 mm φ bars: Required anchorage length=757 mm
For 12 mm φ bars: Required anchorage= 567.75mm
Stirrups diameter to be taken =8mm; clear cover=30mm
Anchorage length of bars at exterior joint

Available length at joint C1 for reinforcement in beam B12 = (450-30-8-6) + (500-30-8-6)
= 862 mm > Anchorage length
(X)
Hence ok.
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CE 610
4.6 Design for shear:
Beam B13
Calculation of design shear strength of concrete at ends and mid-section of beam B13:

Tensile steel provided 1.398% .277 % 0.998%
𝜏𝑐 as per table 19 of 0.74 MPa 0.39 MPa 0.644 MPa
IS 456(2000) for M30
Design shear strength 111 kN 58.5 kN 96.6 kN
of concrete=𝜏𝑐 𝐵𝑑
(𝑉𝑢𝑐 )
As their occurs reversal of moments in beams in case of seismic loadings, so both top and
bottom bars are prone to tension. As per table 19 of IS 456(2000), more is the % of tensile
steel, more is the 𝜏𝑐 . Also, as per capacity design philosophy, we need to ensure flexural
members strong in shear. So, it will be conservative to use minimum of steel at top or bottom
for calculation of 𝜏𝑐 at that C/S.
Calculation of equilibrium shear force when plastic hinges are formed at both ends of the
beam, as per clause 6.3.3 of IS 13920(2016):
For sway to the right For sway to the left

At left end 𝑀𝑢𝐴𝑠 +𝑀𝑢𝐵ℎ 𝑀𝑢𝐴ℎ +𝑀𝑢𝐵𝑠
-1.4( )=-145.28 1.4( )=124.96
𝐿𝐴𝐵 𝐿𝐴𝐵
At right end 𝑀𝑢𝐴𝑠 +𝑀𝑢𝐵ℎ 𝑀𝑢𝐴ℎ +𝑀𝑢𝐵𝑠
1.4( )=145.28 -1.4( )= -124.96
LAB=Clear span length of beam
Where 𝑀𝑢𝐴𝑠 & 𝑀𝑢𝐴ℎ are sagging and hogging moment capacity of c/s provided at left end of
beam B13:
For calculation of 𝑀𝑢𝐴𝑠 &𝑀𝑢𝐵𝑠 , beam will behave as doubly reinforced L-beam. For this, we
can use following formula
𝐴 𝑓
𝑀𝑢𝐴𝑠 = 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑑(1 − (𝐵 𝑠𝑡𝑑𝑓𝑦 )) ….as per annexure G of IS 456(2000) for L-beam. Same
𝑓 𝑐𝑘
formula is valid for 𝑀𝑢𝐵𝑠 .
𝑀𝑢𝐴𝑠 = 321.27 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑀𝑢𝐵𝑠 = 238.186 kNm
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For calculation of 𝑀𝑢𝐴ℎ and 𝑀𝑢𝐵ℎ , 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑥 𝑢. For calculating 𝑥 𝑢 , equate
total compressive force and total tensile force on c/s as:
0.36𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑥 𝑢 + 𝑓𝑠𝑐 𝐴𝑠𝑐 = 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Where 𝑓𝑠𝑐 = 370 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (calculated)
𝑓𝑐𝑐 = 13.28 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (calculated)
For 𝑀𝑢𝐴ℎ => 𝑥 𝑢 = 69.33 mm
For 𝑀𝑢𝐵ℎ => 𝑥 𝑢 = 48.25 mm
In both cases, 𝑥 𝑢 < 𝑥 𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 , so sections are under-reinforced and doubly reinforced
rectangular section. We can use following formula for calculating 𝑀𝑢𝐴ℎ :
𝑀𝑢𝐴ℎ = 0.36 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐵𝑥 𝑢 (𝑑 − 0.42𝑥 𝑢 ) + (𝑓𝑠𝑐 − 𝑓𝑐𝑐 )𝐴𝑠𝑐 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ )
Alternatively, we can use following formula:
𝑀𝑢𝐴ℎ = 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ )
𝑀𝑢𝐴ℎ = 167.95 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑀𝑢𝐵ℎ = 141.15 𝑘𝑁𝑚
Factored shear force at left end of beam 13:
𝐷𝐿+𝐿𝐿 1.2(𝐷𝐿+𝐿𝐿)
𝑉𝑈,𝐿 = = 82.01 kN
2
Factored shear force at right end of beam 13:
𝑉𝑈,𝑅 = = 82.01 kN
2
Dead load on beam= due to self wt. of beam +dead load transferred from slabs (in trapezoidal
manner)
= self-weight slab weight +finished load + load from wall
= 3.75+3.75*1.5+1.5+11.96=22.835 kn/m
Live load on the beam= imposed load on the floor (Equivalent u.d.l on beams due to live
load)
=3*1.5=4.5 kn/m
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Net shear force calculation at left and right end of beam no. 13 clause 6.3.3 of IS
13920(2016):-
𝐷𝐿+𝐿𝐿
𝑉𝑈,𝐿 = 𝑉𝑈,𝐿 − 145.28 = −63.28 𝑘𝑁…For sway to the right
𝐷𝐿+𝐿𝐿
𝑉𝑈,𝐿 = 𝑉𝑈,𝐿 + 124.96 = 206.96 𝑘𝑁…For swat to the left
𝐷𝐿+𝐿𝐿
𝑉𝑈,𝑅 = 𝑉𝑈,𝑅 + 145.28 = 227.28 𝑘𝑁…For sway to the right
𝐷𝐿+𝐿𝐿
𝑉𝑈,𝑅 = 𝑉𝑈,𝑅 − 124.96 = −42.95 𝑘𝑁…For sway to the left
Calculation of required shear force capacity at left and right of beam no. 13, as per clause
6.3.3 of IS 13920(2016):
Shear force capacity shall be more than larger than of following:
(a): Factored shear forces as per linear structural analysis, as given by SAP SOFTWARE
analysis.
(b): Net shear force calculated ( above).
So, we will get design shear force (required shear force capacity) as:
For left end of beam no. 13 => 𝑉𝑈 = 𝟐𝟎𝟔. 𝟗𝟔 𝒌𝑵
For right end of beam no. 13 => 𝑉𝑈 = 𝟐𝟐𝟕. 𝟐𝟖 𝒌𝑵
These are our final values, because as per clause 6.3.4 of IS 13920(2016), contribution of
concrete is not taken.
Calculation of shear reinforcement for beam no. 13:
Let us use 2-legged,8 mm φ vertical stirrups, so 𝐴𝑠 = 100.48 𝑚𝑚2
Calculation of spacing b/w stirrups: (as per annexure B of IS 456(2000)):

0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠 𝑑
For left end of beam no. 13: 𝑆𝑣 = =92.55 mm
𝑉𝑈
For right end of beam no. 13: 𝑆𝑣 = =84.33 mm
𝑉𝑈
(1) As per clause 26.5.1.5 of IS 456(2000), spacing b/w stirrups shall not be more than
following:
(a) 0.75d= 328.5 mm
0.87𝑓 𝐴
(b) 𝑆𝑣 = 0.4𝐵𝑦 𝑠 =363.95 mm
(c) 300 mm
(2) Also, as per clause 6.3.5 of IS 13920(2016), spacing of links over a length of 2d (876
mm) at either end of a beam shall not exceed following:
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(a) d/4=109.5 mm
(b) 6*(diameter of smallest longitudinal bar) =6*12=72 mm
(c) 100 mm
(3) Also, as per clause 6.3.5.2 of IS 13920(2016), closely spaced links shall be provided
over a length of 2d on either side of a section where flexural yielding may occur under
earthquake effects. Over the remaining length of the beam, vertical links shall be
provided at a spacing not exceeding d/2 (219 mm).
(4) Also, as per clause 6.3.5.1 of IS 13920(2016), first link shall be provided at a distance
not exceeding 50 mm from the joint face.
(5) For calculation of shear reinforcement for central portion of beam 13, we need to
draw shear force diagram for the beam as:
SFD for beam B13
Figure 17: SFD for beam B13
Based on resultant SFD in figure , we can write as (Maximum of shear for sway to right or
for sway to left due to plastic hinge formation at end of beam);-
Design shear force for central portion: 𝑉𝑈 = 𝟏𝟒𝟓. 𝟐𝟖 𝒌𝑵

So, 𝑆𝑣 = = 131.671 mm
𝑉𝑈
Based on above five points, we can shear stirrups plan for beam no.13 as shown below:
: Shear stirrup detailing for beam B13
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Region of span Shear stirrup detailing

For with in 2d from column faces near both 2-legged-8 mm φ @ 80 mm c/c with first
ends link at 50 mm from column face at left and
right end
For central portion of beam 2-legged-8 mm φ @ 120 mm c/c
Beam B15
As, we know that beam no. 15 is symmetric to beam no. 13, so, we do not need to do fresh
calculation for shear reinforcements. We can provide following detailing for this beam:
Shear stirrup detailing for beam no.15

For with in 2d from column faces near both 2-legged-8 mm φ @ 80 mm c/c with first link
ends at 50 mm from column face at left and right
end
For central portion of beam 2-legged-8 mm φ @120 mm c/c
Figure 18: Reinforcement detailing of beam B13 and B15
Beam B14
Calculation of design shear strength of concrete at ends and mid-section of beam B14:
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Tensile steel provided 1.1% .163 % 1.1%

𝜏𝑐 as per table 19 of 0.683 MPa 0.354 MPa 0.683 MPa
IS 456(2000) for M30
Design shear strength 89.746 kN 46.515 kN 89.746 kN
of concrete=𝜏𝑐 𝐵𝑑
(𝑉𝑢𝑐 )
As their occurs reversal of moments in beams in case of seismic loadings, so both top and
bottom bars are prone to tension. As per table 19 of IS 456(2000), more is the % of tensile
steel, more is the 𝜏𝑐 . Also, as per capacity design philosophy, we need to ensure flexural
members strong in shear. So, it will be conservative to use minimum of steel at top or bottom
for calculation of 𝜏𝑐 at that C/S.
Calculation of equilibrium shear force when plastic hinges are formed at both ends of the
beam, as per clause 6.3.3 of IS 13920(2016):
For sway to the right For sway to the left

At left end 𝑀𝑢𝐴𝑠 +𝑀𝑢𝐵ℎ 𝑀𝑢𝐴ℎ +𝑀𝑢𝐵𝑠
-1.4( )=-139.66 1.4( )=139.66
At right end 𝑀𝑢𝐴𝑠 +𝑀𝑢𝐵ℎ 𝑀𝑢𝐴ℎ +𝑀𝑢𝐵𝑠
1.4( )=139.66 -1.4( )= -139.66
LAB=Clear span length of beam
Where 𝑀𝑢𝐴𝑠 & 𝑀𝑢𝐴ℎ are sagging and hogging moment capacity of c/s provided at left end of
beam 14:
For calculation of 𝑀𝑢𝐴𝑠 &𝑀𝑢𝐵𝑠 , beam will behave as doubly reinforced L-beam. For this, we
can use following formula
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢𝐴𝑠 = 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑑(1 − ( )) ….as per annexure G of IS 456(2000) for L-beam. Same
formula is valid for 𝑀𝑢𝐵𝑠
𝑀𝑢𝐴𝑠 = 236.11 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑀𝑢𝐵𝑠 = 236.11 kNm
𝐴 𝑓
𝑀𝑢𝐴𝑠 = 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑑(1 − (𝐵 𝑠𝑡𝑑𝑓𝑦 )) ….as per annexure G of IS 456(2000) for L-beam. Same
𝑓 𝑐𝑘
formula is valid for 𝑀𝑢𝐵𝑠 .
For calculation of 𝑀𝑢𝐴ℎ and 𝑀𝑢𝐵ℎ , 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑥 𝑢. For calculating 𝑥 𝑢 , equate
total compressive force and total tensile force on c/s as:
0.36𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑥 𝑢 + 𝑓𝑠𝑐 𝐴𝑠𝑐 = 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Where 𝑓𝑠𝑐 = 370 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (calculated)
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CE 610
𝑓𝑐𝑐 = 13.28 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (calculated)
For 𝑀𝑢𝐴ℎ => 𝑥 𝑢 = 110.1 mm
For 𝑀𝑢𝐵ℎ => 𝑥 𝑢 = 110.1 mm
In both cases, 𝑥 𝑢 < 𝑥 𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 , so sections are under-reinforced and doubly reinforced
rectangular section. We can use following formula for calculating 𝑀𝑢𝐴ℎ :
𝑀𝑢𝐴ℎ = 0.36 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐵𝑥 𝑢 (𝑑 − 0.42𝑥 𝑢 ) + (𝑓𝑠𝑐 − 𝑓𝑐𝑐 )𝐴𝑠𝑐 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ )
Alternatively, we can use following formula:
𝑀𝑢𝐴ℎ = 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ )
𝑀𝑢𝐴ℎ = 212.8 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑀𝑢𝐵ℎ = 212.8 𝑘𝑁𝑚
Factored shear force at left end of beam 14:
𝑉𝑈,𝐿 = = 82.01 kN
2
Factored shear force at right end of beam 14:
𝑉𝑈,𝑅 = = 82.01 kN
2
Dead load on beam= due to self wt. of beam +dead load transferred from slabs (in trapezoidal
manner)
= self-weight slab weight +finished load + load from wall
= 3.75+3.75*1.5+1.5+11.96=22.835 kn/m
Live load on the beam= imposed load on the floor (Equivalent u.d.l on beams due to live
load)
=3*1.5=4.5 kn/m
Net shear force calculation at left and right end of beam no. 14 clause 6.3.3 of IS
13920(2016): -
𝐷𝐿+𝐿𝐿
𝑉𝑈,𝐿 = 𝑉𝑈,𝐿 − 139.66 = − 57.65𝑘𝑁…For sway to the right
𝐷𝐿+𝐿𝐿
𝑉𝑈,𝐿 = 𝑉𝑈,𝐿 + 139.66 = 221.67𝑘𝑁…For swat to the left
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𝐷𝐿+𝐿𝐿
𝑉𝑈,𝑅 = 𝑉𝑈,𝑅 + 139.66 = 221.67𝑘𝑁…For sway to the right
𝐷𝐿+𝐿𝐿
𝑉𝑈,𝑅 = 𝑉𝑈,𝑅 − 139.66 = − 57.65𝑘𝑁…For sway to the left
Calculation of required shear force capacity at left and right of beam no. 14, as per clause
6.3.3 of IS 13920(2016):
Shear force capacity shall be more than larger than of following:
(a): Factored shear forces as per linear structural analysis, as given by SAP SOFTWARE
analysis.
(b): Net shear force calculated (above).
So, we will get design shear force (required shear force capacity) as:
For left end of beam no. 14 => 𝑉𝑈 = 221.67 𝒌𝑵
For right end of beam no. 14 => 𝑉𝑈 = 221.67 𝒌𝑵
These are our final values, because as per clause 6.3.4 of IS 13920(2016), contribution of
concrete is not taken.
Calculation of shear reinforcement for beam no. 14:
Let us use 2-legged,8 mm φ vertical stirrups, so 𝐴𝑠 = 100.48 𝑚𝑚2
Calculation of spacing b/w stirrups: (as per annexure B of IS 456(2000)):

For left end of beam no. 14: 𝑆𝑣 = =86.364 mm
𝑉𝑈
For right end of beam no. 14: 𝑆𝑣 = =86.364 mm
𝑉𝑈
(6) As per clause 26.5.1.5 of IS 456(2000), spacing b/w stirrups shall not be more than
following:
(d) 0.75d= 328.5 mm
0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠
(e) 𝑆𝑣 = =364.24 mm
0.4𝐵
(f) 300 mm
(7) Also, as per clause 6.3.5 of IS 13920(2016), spacing of links over a length of 2d (876
mm) at either end of a beam shall not exceed following:
(d) d/4=109.5 mm
(e) 6*(diameter of smallest longitudinal bar) =6*12=72 mm
(f) 100 mm
(8) Also, as per clause 6.3.5.2 of IS 13920(2016), closely spaced links shall be provided
over a length of 2d on either side of a section where flexural yielding may occur under
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earthquake effects. Over the remaining length of the beam, vertical links shall be
provided at a spacing not exceeding d/2 (219 mm).
(9) Also, as per clause 6.3.5.1 of IS 13920(2016), first link shall be provided at a distance
not exceeding 50 mm from the joint face.
(10) For calculation of shear
reinforcement for central portion of beam 14, we need to draw shear force diagram for
the beam as:
Figure19: SFD for beam B14
Based on resultant SFD in figure 3, we can write as (Maximum of shear force for sway to
right or for sway to left due to plastic hinge formation at end of beam); -
Design shear force for central portion: 𝑉𝑈 = 𝟏𝟑𝟗. 𝟔𝟔 𝒌𝑵

So, 𝑆𝑣 = = 137.071 mm
𝑉𝑈
Based on above five points, we can shear stirrups plan for beam no.14 as shown below:
: Shear stirrup detailing for beam no. 14

For with in 2d from column faces near both 2-legged-8 mm φ @ 80 mm c/c with first
ends link at 50 mm from column face at left and
right end
For central portion of beam 2-legged-8 mm φ @ 120 mm c/c
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Figure 20: Reinforcement detailing of beam B14
4.7 Designing of beam B1 , B2 ,B3, B4 (CONNECTED TO COULMN ALONG Y4 FRAME)
Same procedure is following for designing of these beam as SAP modelling gives sagging
and hogging moment with different load combination. As these beams’ values are required in
designing of beam column joint along the y4 frame and to reduce complexity in the report all
the data are calculated in tabulated manner without explaining the process. Same procedure is
follow as designing like B13,B14,B15 BEAM:-
Check for axial stress
Factored maximum axial force for beam no (B1,B2,B3,B4) obtained using an SAP software
is 0.0kN. As, this is less than 0.08 , so as per clause 6.1 of IS 13920(2016), we need to
design the beam no.(B1,B2,B3,B4) as flexural member, otherwise, we need to design it as
beam column.
Different checks in calculating beam
Clear
Width, Depth,
Beam span Check for member size
B (mm) D (mm)
(mm)
B1,B2, B = 300 mm > 200 mm Hence, ok (Cl. 6.1.2
300 500 2500
B3,B4 IS 13920: 2016)
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D = 500 mm; B  300  0.6  0.3,

D 500
Hence ok (Cl. 6.1.1 IS 13920: 2016)
1
th of clear span = 2500/4 = 625 mm > 500
4
mm (D)
Hence ok Cl. 6.1.3 IS 13920: 2016
Design calculation for flexure
B1 and B 4
Required reinforcement Reinforcement to

Minimum reinforcement (mm2 )
Beam (mm2 ) be provided
At top At bottom At top At bottom (mm2 )
= 231.88 or 905.6 (Cl.
2
6.2.3 IS 13920: 2016) At top = 966
801.7 442 231.88
= 231.88 or 452.8 At bottom = 722
= 452.8 (maximum of
two)
= 231.88 or
966
(Cl. 6.2.4
4 = 231.88 or 966 (Cl.
IS 13920: 4
At top = 241.5
B1 2016) 6.2.4 IS 13920: 2016)
0 110.2 At bottom =
B4 = 231.88 or = 231.88 or 241.5
241.5
241.5 = 241.5 (maximum of
= 241.5 two)
(maximum of
two)
= 231.88 or 905.6 (Cl.
2
At top = 905.6
6.2.3 IS 13920: 2016)
905.6 450.3 231.88 At bottom =
= 231.88 or 452.8
452.8
= 452.8 (maximum of
two)
Beam B2 and B4
Required reinforcement
Minimum reinforcement (mm2 ) Reinforcement to
BEAM (mm2 )
be provided (mm2 )
At top At bottom At top At bottom
= 231.88 or 1141.1 (Cl. At top = 1141.1
B2,B3 1141.1 170.9 231.88 2
At bottom = 570.55
6.2.3 IS 13920: 2016)
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= 231.88 or 570.55
= 570.55 (maximum of
two)
= 231.88 or
1141.1
(Cl.
4
6.2.4 IS = 231.88 or 1141.1 (Cl.
4
13920:
6.2.4 IS 13920: 2016) At top = 285.275
0 387.9 2016)
= 231.88 or 285.275 At bottom = 387.9
= 231.88 or
285.275
two)
= 285.275
(maximum
of two)
= 231.88 or 1112.1 (Cl.
2
6.2.3 IS 13920: 2016) At top = 1112.1
1112.1 136.2 231.8
= 231.88 or 556.05 At bottom = 556.05
two)
Beam sagging and hogging capacity to design beam-column joint
Area of steel Ast (mm2 ) Moment capacity Mu(kN)m

Beam Location Width of flange Bf (mm)
Top Bottom Sagging Hogging
B1,B Left 1017.87 791.68 925 101.46 117.96
4 Right 1017.87 565.49 925 75.547 117.30
B3,B Left 1244.07 678.58 1783 94.849 137.13
2 Right 1130.97 565.48 1783 84.698 128.68
Reinforcement used in B1,B4 beam:-

LEFT END At top = 9-12Φ
At bottom = 7-12Φ
CENTER At top = 3-12Φ
At bottom = 3-12Φ
RIGHT At top = 9-12Φ
At bottom = 5-12Φ
Reinforcement used in B2,B3 beam:-

LEFT END At top = 11-12Φ
At bottom = 6-12Φ
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CENTER At top = 3-12Φ

At bottom = 4-12Φ
RIGHT END At top = 10-12Φ
At bottom = 5-12Φ
5. Design of columns
Given column section of 300 mm ×450 mm failed in member size check. Hence revising
column section to 400 mm × 450 mm.
5.1 Exterior column
For column AB, the force resultants for various load combinations are shown in Tables 1.
Load combinations derived from recommendations of Clause 6.3.1.2 of IS 1893(Part 1):
2016.
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Table 6: Force resultants in column AB for different load combinations
LOAD A(TOP) A(BOOTOM) B(TOP) B(BOTTOM)

S.
COMBINATIO
NO. AXIAL M3 M2 AXIAL M3 M2 AXIAL M3 M2 AXIAL M3 M2
N
1 1.5(DL+IL) -555.766 8.2515 22.4188 -648.352 -7.7408 -20.014 -399.297 13.1831 36.3029 -534.841 -10.9144 -30.2622
2 1.5(DL+EQX) -363.803 7.707 125.1161 -422.263 -7.8644 -3.9107 -278.552 11.1082 96.1668 -342.878 -9.5501 51.3488
-
3 1.5(DL-EQX) -633.498 7.7045 -82.9671 -759.257 -7.8658 -37.4014 -448.361 11.1011 -35.532 -612.573 -9.5543
104.0669
4 1.5(DL+EQY) -259.882 122.3146 21.1342 -290.372 6.8716 -20.6106 -217.048 82.9223 30.4785 -238.997 79.5709 -26.2564
5 1.5(DL-EQY) -737.419 -106.9031 21.0149 -891.148 -22.6018 -20.7015 -500.865 -60.713 30.1564 -716.494 -98.6753 -26.4617
6 0.9DL+1.5EQX -164.343 4.6247 116.6863 -185.959 -4.7184 4.3517 -134.97 6.6663 84.0399 -151.788 -5.7292 61.8924
7 0.9DL-1.5EQX -434.038 4.6222 -91.3969 -522.953 -4.7184 -29.1389 -295.778 6.6593 -43.6589 -421.483 -5.7353 -93.5233
8 0.9DL+1.5EQY -60.422 119.2323 12.7044 -54.068 10.0176 -12.3482 -73.465 78.4808 18.3515 -47.867 83.3918 -15.728
9 0.9DL-1.5EQY -537.959 -109.9854 12.5851 -654.844 -19.4557 -12.4391 -357.283 -65.1548 18.0294 -525.404 -94.8544 -15.9181
1.2(DL+LL+EQ
10 -333.238 6.5917 101.1613 -380.37 -6.1852 -2.6048 -251.675 10.5512 81.6745 -316.498 -8.7127 37.9648
X)
1.2(DL+LL-
11 -548.994 6.5897 -65.3053 -649.965 -6.1863 -29.3974 -380.322 10.5056 -23.68445 -532.254 -8.7161 -86.3648
EQX)
1.2(DL+LL+EQ
12 -250.101 98.2778 17.9757 -274.857 5.6036 -15.9647 -202.471 67.9625 29.1238 -233.361 62.5841 -24.1194
Y)
1.2(DL+LL-
13 -632.131 -85.0964 17.8803 -755.478 -17.9751 -16.0374 -429.525 -46.9457 28.8662 -615.391 -80.0129 -24.2386
EQY)
Page 59
CE 610
Check for axial stress:

Lowest factored axial force = 47.867 KN (Lowest at A(TOP) or B(BOTTOM) among all
load combination is considered)
47867
Factored axial stress = 400×450 = .266MPa < 0.08fck = 2.4MPa.
Hence, for the load combination 0.9DL + 1.5 EQY
the member needs to be checked as flexural member. For all other load combinations design
is done as a Column member.

Width of column, B = 400 mm ≥ 300 mm. (Clause 7.1.1 (b), IS 13920:2016). Hence, ok.
Depth of column, D = 450 mm
B 400
= 450 = 0.89 > 0.4 (Clause 7.1.2, IS 13920:2016). Hence, ok.
D
Span, L = 3100mm
The effective length of column can be calculated using Annex E of IS 456: 2000. In this as
per Table 28 of IS 456: 2000, the effective length is taken as 0.85 times the unsupported
length, which is in between that of fixed and hinged case.
L ( 3100−500) ×.85
= = 4.91 < 12. Hence, the member can be designed as short column. (Clause
D 450
25.1.2 of IS 456: 2000)
Minimum dimension of column = 400 mm ≥ 20 times the
largest diameter of beam longitudinal reinforcement = 20×16
= 320 mm. Hence, ok. (Clause 7.1.1 (a) of IS 13920:2016)
Minimum reinforcement = 0.8% = 0.8×400×450/100= 1440

mm2 (Clause 26.5.3.1 of IS 456: 2000).
Maximum reinforcement = 4% = 4×400×450/100 = 7200

mm2 (Clause 26.5.3.1 of IS 456: 2000).
Design of Column:
Sample calculation is done for column reinforcement at 𝐴𝑏
end.
The column is oriented in such a way that depth of column is
400 mm for X-direction earthquake and 450 mm for Y-
direction earthquake force.
Design for earthquake in X-direction:
Pu = 759.257 kN, Mu2 = 37.4014 kN-m
Pu 759257
= = 0.1406;
fck bd 30×400 ×450
Mu2 37401400
= 30×450 ×4002 = .0173
fck bd2
ď p
For D = 0.1, we get = 0, from the design chart (refer Figure A)
fck
Design for Earthquake in Y-direction:

Pu = 891.148 kN, Mu3 = 22.6018 kN-m
Pu 891148
= 30×400 ×450 = 0.165;
f bd
ck
Mu3 22601800
= 30×400 ×4502 = .0093
fck bd2
Page 60
CE 610
ď p
For D = 0.1, we get = 0, from the design chart (refer Chart).
fck
Fig. A
But we provide a minimum reinforcement of 0.8%.
Longitudinal steel:
Required steel = 0.8% = 0.8×400×450/100 = 1440 mm2
Provide 3-20Φ + 3-16Φ bars with total area of reinforcement (As) provided is 1546.29 mm2 .
154629 .6
i.e., 400× 450 = .85904%
𝑝 .85904
Hence, = = .02863 (within maximum and minimum reinforcement limits)
𝑓𝑐𝑘 30
Checking of section:
The column should be checked for bi-axial moment. Moment about other axis may occur due
to torsion of building or due to minimum eccentricity of the axial load.
Checking for critical combination with earthquake in X-direction (longitudinal direction):

Width = 450 mm; Depth = 400 mm, Pu = 759.257 kN, Mu2 = 37.4014 kN-m.
Eccentricity = clear height of column/500 + lateral dimension/30 (Clause 25.4 of IS
456:2000)
E = ((3100-450)/500) + (400/30) = 18.63 mm < 20 mm
Hence, design eccentricity = 20 mm.
Mu3 = 759.257 × .02 = 15.19 KN m < applied moment.
Pu 𝑝
For f bd = 0.1406 and 𝑓 = .02863, and referring to design chart( refer figure A), we get
ck 𝑐𝑘
Mu2
= .087
fck bd2
Mu2,1= .087×30×400×400×450/106 = 187.92 KN m.
Mu3,1 = .087×30×400×450×450/106 = 211.41 KN m.
𝑃𝑈𝑍 = .45𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐴𝑐+ .075𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑐 (Clause 39.6 of IS 456:2000)
= .45𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐴𝑔 + (.075𝑓𝑦 -.45𝑓𝑐𝑘)𝐴𝑠𝑐
= .45×30×400×450 + (.75×500- .45×30)× 1546.29
= 2988.98 KN
𝑃𝑢 759.257
= 2988 .98 = .254
𝑃𝑢𝑧
The constant αn which depends on factored axial compression resistance Puz is evaluated as
(Clause 39.6, IS 456: 2000): αn = 1.1
Therefore,
𝑀𝑢2 𝑀𝑢3 37.4014 15.19
[𝑀𝑢2,1 ]αn + [𝑀𝑢3,1 ]αn = [ 187.92 ]1.1 + [211.41 ]1.1
= .17 + .0545
= .22455 < 1.00
Hence, ok
Checking for critical combination with earthquake in Y-direction (transverse direction):
Eccentricity = clear height of column/500 +lateral dimension/30 (Clause 25.4 of IS 456:2000)
E = ((3100-500)/500) + (450/30) = 20.2 mm > 20 mm
Mu2 = 891.148 × 0.0202= 17.82 KN m < applied moment.
Page 61
CE 610
Pu 𝑝
For f = .165 and = .02883, and referring to design chart( refer figure A), we get
ck bd 𝑓𝑐𝑘
Mu2
= .082
fck bd2
Mu2,1= .082×30×400×400×450/106 = 177.12 KN m.
Mu3,1 = .082×30×400×450×450/106 = 199.26 KN m.

= .45𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐴𝑔 + (.075𝑓𝑦 -.45𝑓𝑐𝑘)𝐴𝑠𝑐
= .45×30×400×450 + (.75×500- .45×30)× 1546.29
= 2988.98 KN
𝑃𝑢 891 .148
= = .298
𝑃𝑢𝑧 1546.29
(Clause 39.6, IS 456: 2000): αn = 1.17
Therefore,
𝑀𝑢2 𝑀𝑢3 17.82 22.6018
[𝑀𝑢2,1 ]αn + [𝑀𝑢3,1 ]αn = [177 .12 ]1.17 + [ 199.26 ]1.17
= .068 + .078
= .146 < 1.00
Hence, ok
Details of longitudinal reinforcement:
Similar to the sample calculations shown in Section above, the steel required at 𝐴𝑡 , 𝐵𝑡 , 𝐵𝑏
and is calculated. Tables 3 and 4 show brief calculations at 𝐴𝑡 , 𝐴𝑏 , 𝐵𝑡 and 𝐵𝑏 locations.
Page 62
CE 610
Table -7 Critical forces for design of column AB
Load A(TOP) B(BOTTOM) A(BOTTOM) B(TOP)

combination
P M3 M2 P M3 M2 P M3 M2 P M2 M3
Gravity
-555.766 8.2515 22.4188 -534.841 -10.9144 -30.2622 -648.352 -7.7408 -20.014 -399.297 13.1831 36.3029
Critical
combination
with EQX -633.498 7.7045 -82.9671 -612.573 -9.5543 -104.067 -759.257 -7.8658 -37.4014 -448.361 11.1011 -35.532
Critical
combination -
with EQY -737.419 -106.903 21.0149 -716.494 -98.6753 -26.4617 -891.148 22.6018 -20.7015 -500.865 -60.713 30.1564
Minimum reinforcement is provided at all the joints throughout the column AB .i.e. 0.859%. Figure 4 shows the reinforcement in the column
along with the steel provided in the transverse and longitudinal beams.
Table -8 Design of column AB for earthquake
Load Ab At Bb Bt
2 2 2
Combination Pu /fck .B.D M u /fck .B.D P Pu /fck .B.D M u /fck .B.D p Pu /fck .B.D M u /fck .B.D p Pu /fck .B.D M u /fck .B.D2 p
Gravity 0.12006 0.020900 - 0.1029 0.0223 - 0.099 0.0294 - 0.0739439 0.03559437 -
Critical comb
0.1406 0.015391 0.859 0.1173 0.0384 0.859 0.113 0.0481 0.859 0.0830298 0.01645 0.859048
with EQX
Critical comb
0.1650 0.01046 0.859 0.1365 0.0439 0.859 0.132 0.04060 0.859 0.0927528 0.02498477 0.859048
with EQY
Page 63
CE 610
Table -9 Tabulation of shear forces in column AB for different load combinations
S. LOAD A(TOP) A(BOTTOM) B(TOP) B(BOTTOM)

NO. COMBINATION EQX EQY EQX EQY EQX EQY EQX EQY
1 1.5(DL+IL) 6.183 16.994 8.564 22.287 8.477 23.098 6.183 16.994
2 1.5(DL+EQX) 5.568 73.909 8.637 79.239 7.16 65.683 5.566 73.909
3 1.5(DL-EQX) 5.566 -43.307 8.635 -33.886 7.155 -26.905 5.568 -43.36
4 1.5(DL+EQY) 71.27 15.353 65.93 22.736 57.304 19.498 71.27 15.353
5 1.5(DL-EQY) -60.36 15.249 -48.658 22.617 -42.99 19.279 -60.136 15.249
6 0.9DL+1.5EQX 3.339 67.789 5.181 70.168 4.297 57.927 3.341 67.789
7 0.9DL-1.5EQX 3.341 -49.427 5.182 -42.957 4.292 -34.661 3.339 -49.427
8 0.9DL+1.5EQY 69.043 9.233 62.475 13.665 54.442 11.743 69.043 9.233
9 0.9DL-1.5EQY -62.363 9.128 -52.112 13.547 -45.853 11.524 -62.363 9.128
10 1.2(DL+LL+EQX) 4.936 60.477 6.844 63.071 6.754 55.47 4.938 60.477
11 1.2(DL+LL-EQX) 4.938 -33.296 6.842 -27.429 6.75 -18.6 4.936 -33.296
12 1.2(DL+LL+EQY) 57.499 13.632 52.678 17.868 46.87 18.522 57.499 13.632
13 1.2(DL+LL-EQY) -47.625 13.548 -38.992 17.773 -33.366 18.347 -47.625 13.548
Page 64
CE 610
Design for Shear
Shear Capacity of Column

Assuming 50% steel provided as tensile steel to be on conservative side,
.809
Ast = 2 = .4045%
Permissible shear stress, t c = .42MPa
By interpolation using Table 19 of IS 456:2000
Considering lowest Pu = 47.867 KN

3Pu
Δ=1+A = 1.027 < 1.5 (Clause 40.2.2 of IS 456: 2000)
g fck
t c = .431 MPa
Effective depth in X direction = 400 – 40 – 20/2 = 350 mm
Vc = .431×450×350/1000 = 67.88 KN
Effective depth in Y direction = 450 - 40 – 20/2 = 400 mm
Vc = .431×400×400/1000 = 68.96 KN
Shear As Per Analysis

The maximum factored shear force in X and Y
direction is 71.27 KN and 73.909 kN respectively. (Refer
Table )
Shear Force Due to Plastic Hinge

Formation at Ends of Beam
Earthquake in X-Direction
The longitudinal beam of size 300×500 the hogging and sagging moment capacities are
evaluated as 167.95 kN-m and 321.27 kN-m, respectively(here assumed; to be taken from
actual design of the beams).
Fig. B
Referring to Figure B (Clause 7.5; IS 13920: 2016), the shear force corresponding to plastic
hinge formation in the longitudinal beam is evaluated as:
Mubr + Mubl
Vu = 1.4( )
hst
167 .95+321.27
= 1.4( )
3.1
= 220.94 KN
Therefore, the design shear demand in X-direction is 220.94 kN (from capacity design
principle) and 71.27 kN (from analysis) whichever is the higher.
Page 65
CE 610
Details of Transverse Reinforcement
𝐕𝐬 = 220.94 - 67.88
= 153.06 KN
4×50×.87×500×350
Spacing of 4 Legged 8 Φ Links = = 198.94 mm (assumed Fe500 grade of
153060
steel for stirrups)
Nominal links
The spacing of hoops shall not exceed half the least lateral dimension of the column = 400/2
= 200 mm
(Clause 7.4; IS 13920:2016).
Hence, Provide 8 Φ links @ 200 mm c/c in mid-height portion of the column.
Confining links
The area of cross section Ash of the bar forming
rectangular hoop to be used as special confining
reinforcement shall not be less than
.18×S× h×fck Ag .05×S×h×fck
Ash = (A -1)or
yf k y f
(Clause 7.6.1 of IS 13920:2016).
h = longer dimension of the rectangular link measured to its outer face= ((450–40–40–
20)/3+(8×2))+20) = 152.66 mm or ((400–40–40)+(8×2)) = 336 mm.
Whichever is higher, i.e., h = 336 mm.
Ag = 400×450 = 180000 m𝑚2
Ak = (400 - 2×40 +2×8)×(450 - 2×40 +2×8)= 336×386 = 129696 mm2
Assuming 8 Φ stirrups, Ash = 50 mm2 , substituting we get S = 35.5 mm.
Link spacing for confining zone shall not exceed 6 times diameter of the smallest longitudinal
reinforcement bars = 6× 12 = 72 mm. (Clause 7.6.1(b) of IS 13920:2016, see amendment)
Provide 8 Φ confining links @ 60 c/c for a distance lo, which shall not be less than the
following (Clause 7.6.1 (a) of IS 13920:2016):
i) larger lateral dimension = 450 mm
ii) 1/6 of clear span = (3100 – 500)/6 = 433.3 mm
iii) 450 mm
Therefore, provide 8 Φ confining links @ 60 c/c for a distance of lo = 450 mm from eth
column face on either side of the joint.
Check as Flexural Member for Load Comb 0.9 DL + 1.5 EQY

Factored moment = 119.2323 kN-m
Effective depth = 450 – 40 - 20/2 = 400 mm
𝑀𝑢 119232300
= 400×400 2 = 1.86
𝑏𝑑2
Referring to Table 2 of SP: 16, we get
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = .485%
= .485×400×400/100 = 776 m𝑚2
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CE 610
𝐴𝑠𝑡 provided on one face = 3 - 20Φ

= 3 × 314
= 942 m𝑚2 > 776 m𝑚2
Hence, ok.
Table 10 : Summary of reinforcement for column AB

Column AB Longitudinal Reinforcement
Reinforcement at A 3-20Φ + 3-16Φ

Steel provided = 1546.29 m𝑚2
i.e., .859%
Reinforcement at B 3-20Φ + 3-16Φ
Steel provided = 1546.29 m𝑚2
i.e., .859%
Figure 21: Reinforcement detailing of AB column
5.2 Interior Column
For column CD, the force resultants for various load combinations are shown in Tables 1.
Load combinations derived from recommendations of Clause 6.3.1.2 of IS 1893(Part 1):
2016.
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CE 610
Table 11: Force resultants in column CD for different load combinations
S. LOAD C(T OP) C(BOOT OM) D(T OP) D(BOT T OM)

N COMBINAT
O. ION AXIA AXIA AXIA AXIA
M3 M2 M3 M2 M3 M2 M3 M2
L L L L
- - - - - -
- 7.155 14.60 -
1 1.5(DL+IL) 0.711 1045.5 5.098 1.09 643.4 1.2265 879.0 11.10
899.93 5 87 1.3031
55 2 2 88 05 93
- - - - - -
1.5(DL+EQ 6.104 159.30 2.49 10.80 125.19 133.33
2 475.17 918.39 5.284 558.7 754.2 8.613
X) 4 61 33 01 66 84
6 7 2 18 51 6
- - - - - - - - - -
1.5(DL- 6.104 10.79
3 791.57 157.96 939.13 5.284 5.61 565.6 123.16 770.6 8.613 135.44
EQX) 4 99
7 02 5 3 96 91 58 52 6 71
- - - - -
1.5(DL+EQ 104.9 1.516 77.02 71.58 -
4 564.79 0.7309 653.54 1.51 431.7 1.1641 543.8
Y) 101 3 96 58 0.9576
2 6 78 87 67
- - - - - - - - -
1.5(DL- -
5 1001.9 92.70 0.6149 1203.9 12.08 1.60 692.6 55.42 0.8668 981.0 88.81
EQY) 1.1512
61 12 86 47 26 22 96 36 32
- - - - - -
0.9DL+1.5E 3.662 159.03 3.12 6.480 124.79 133.76
6 461.82 546.89 3.170 333.8 449.2 5.168
QX 7 69 33 1 04 01
5 1 5 36 7 2
- - - - - - - - - -
0.9DL- 3.662 6.479
7 478.22 158.29 567.62 3.170 4.99 340.8 123.57 465.6 5.168 135.00
1.5EQX 7 9
7 4 9 6 55 1 19 72 3 54
- - - -
0.9DL+1.5E 104.4 - 72.70 75.03 -
8 251.44 0.4618 3.63 0.89 206.9 0.7579 238.8
QY 683 282.04 96 13 0.5358
1 37 05 86
- - - - - - -
0.9DL- - - -
9 95.14 0.6729 832.47 0.97 467.7 59.74 0.4606 676.0 85.36
1.5EQY 688.61 9.971 0.7294
3 9 85 4 96 55 77
- - - - - -
1.2(DL+LL+ 5.703 127.49 11.61 100.34 106.44
10 706.05 820.79 4.064 2.37 504.7 689.3 8.852
EQX) 1 35 57 87 97
1 5 8 19 11 7
- - - - - - - - - -
1.2(DL+LL- 5.703 11.61
11 719.71 126.39 837.38 4.064 4.12 510.2 98.341 702.4 8.852 108.57
EQX) 1 55
2 15 5 9 51 98 2 32 7 86
- - - -
1.2(DL+LL+ 84.74 1.375 0.84 64.59 55.30 -
12 537.77 0.6334 608.91 403.1 1.1227 521.0
EQY) 73 6 36 92 96 0.9871
4 4 74 04
- - - - - - - - -
1.2(DL+LL- -
13 887.47 73.34 0.5406 1049.2 9.505 0.91 611.8 41.36 0.8848 870.7 73.01
EQY) 1.1419
9 15 66 3 15 42 81 39 23
Page 68
CE 610
Check for axial stress:

Lowest factored axial force = 238.886 kN (Lowest at 𝐶𝑡 or 𝐷𝑏 among all load combination is
considered)
238886
Factored axial stress = = 1.327 MPa < 0.08fck = 2.4MPa.
400×450
Hence, for the load combination 0.9DL + 1.5 EQY, the member needs to be checked as
flexural member. For all other load combinations design is
done as a Column member.

Width of column, B = 400 mm ≥ 300 mm. (Clause 7.1.1 (b), IS 13920:2016). Hence, ok.
Depth of column, D = 450 mm
B 400
= = 0.89 > 0.4 (Clause 7.1.2, IS 13920:2016). Hence, ok.
D 450
Span, L = 3100mm.
The effective length of column can be calculated using Annex E of IS 456: 2000. In this as
per Table 28 of IS 456: 2000, the effective length is taken as 0.85 times the unsupported
length, which is in between that of fixed and hinged case.
L ( 3100−500) ×.85
= = 4.91 < 12. Hence, the member can be designed as short column. (Clause
D 450
25.1.2 of IS 456: 2000)
Minimum dimension of column = 400 mm ≥ 20
times the largest diameter of beam longitudinal
reinforcement = 20×16 = 320 mm. Hence, ok.
(Clause 7.1.1 (a) of IS 13920:2016)
Minimum reinforcement = 0.8% =

0.8×400×450/100= 1440 mm2 (Clause 26.5.3.1 of
IS 456: 2000).
Maximum reinforcement = 4% = 4×400×450/100
= 7200 mm2 (Clause 26.5.3.1 of IS 456: 2000).
Design of Column:
Sample calculation is done for column
reinforcement at 𝐶𝑏 end.
The column is oriented in such a way that depth of column is 400 mm for X-direction
earthquake and 450 mm for Y-direction earthquake force.
Design for earthquake in X-direction:

Pu = 939.135 kN, Mu2 = 5.6196 kN-m
Pu 939135
= 30×400 ×450 = 0.174;
f bd
ck
Mu2 5619600
= 30×450 ×4002 = .0026
fck bd2
ď p
For D = 0.1, we get = 0, from the design chart (refer Figure A)
fck
Design for Earthquake in Y-direction:

Pu = 1203.99 kN, Mu3 = 12.0847 kN-m
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CE 610
Pu 1203990
= 30×400 ×450 = 0.223;
fck bd
Mu3 12084700
= 30×400 ×4502 = .005
fck bd2
ď p
For D = 0.1, we get = 0, from the design chart .
fck
But we provide a minimum reinforcement of 0.8%.
Longitudinal steel:
Required steel = 0.8% = 0.8×400×450/100 = 1440 mm2
Provide 3-20Φ + 3-16Φ bars with total area of reinforcement (As) provided is 1546.96 mm2 .
154696
i.e., 400×450 = .895%
𝑝 .895
Hence, = = .0286 (within maximum and minimum reinforcement limits)
𝑓𝑐𝑘 30
Checking of section:
The column should be checked for bi-axial moment. Moment about other axis may occur due
to torsion of building or due to minimum eccentricity of the axial load.
Checking for critical combination with earthquake in X-direction (longitudinal direction):

Eccentricity = clear height of column/500 + lateral dimension/30 (Clause 25.4 of IS
456:2000)
E = ((3100-450)/500) + (400/30) = 18.63 mm < 20 mm
Hence, design eccentricity = 20 mm.
Mu3 = 939.135 × .02 = 18.78 KN m
Pu 𝑝
For = 0.174 and = .0286, and referring to design chart( refer figure A), we get
fck bd 𝑓𝑐𝑘
Mu2
= .084
fck bd2
Mu2,1= .084×30×400×400×450/106 = 181.44 KN m.
Mu3,1 = .084×30×400×450×450/106 = 201.12 KN m.
= .45𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐴𝑔 + (.075𝑓𝑦 -.45𝑓𝑐𝑘)𝐴𝑠𝑐
= .45×30×400×450 + (.75×500- .45×30)×1546.96
= 2988.98 KN
𝑃𝑢 939.135
= = .3142
𝑃𝑢𝑧 2988.98
(Clause 39.6, IS 456: 2000): αn = 1.2
Therefore,
𝑀𝑢2 αn 𝑀𝑢3 αn 5.6196 1.2 18.78 1.2
[ ] +[ ] =[ ] +[ ]
𝑀𝑢2,1 𝑀𝑢3,1 181 .44 201.12
= .0261 + .0683
= .0944 < 1.00
Hence, ok
Checking for critical combination with earthquake in Y-direction (transverse direction):

Eccentricity = clear height of column/500 +lateral dimension/30 (Clause 25.4 of IS 456:2000)
E = ((3100-500)/500) + (450/30) = 20.2 mm > 20 mm
Mu2 = 1203.99 × .0202 = 24.32 KN m
Page 70
CE 610
Pu 𝑝
For f = .223 and = .0286, and referring to design chart( refer figure A), we get
ck bd 𝑓𝑐𝑘
Mu2
= .082
fck bd2
Mu2,1= .082×30×400×400×450/106 = 177.12 KN m.
Mu3,1 = .082×30×400×450×450/106 = 199.26 KN m.
= .45𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐴𝑔 + (.075𝑓𝑦 -.45𝑓𝑐𝑘)𝐴𝑠𝑐
= .45×30×400×450 + (.75×500- .45×30)×1456.96
= 2988.98 KN
𝑃𝑢 1203.99
= 2988 .98 = .4028
𝑃𝑢𝑧
(Clause 39.6, IS 456: 2000): αn = 1.35
Therefore,
𝑀𝑢2 𝑀𝑢3 24.08 12.0847
[𝑀𝑢2,1 ]αn + [𝑀𝑢3,1 ]αn = [177 .12 ]1.35 + [ 199.26 ]1.35
= .0891 + .0394
= .1285< 1.00
Hence, ok
Details of longitudinal reinforcement:

Similar to the sample calculations shown in Section above, the steel required at 𝐶𝑡 , 𝐷𝑡 , 𝐷𝑏
and is calculated. Tables 3 and 4 show brief calculations at 𝐶𝑡 , 𝐶𝑏 , 𝐷𝑡 and 𝐷𝑏 locations.
Minimum reinforcement is provided at all the joints throughout the column CD .i.e. 0.809%.
Figure 4 shows the reinforcement in the column along with the steel provided in the
transverse and longitudinal beams.
Table -12 Critical forces for design of column CD
Load 𝐶𝑡 𝐷𝑏 𝐶𝑏 𝐷𝑡
combination
P M2 M3 P M2 M3 P M2 M3 P M2
Gravity - - - -
-899.93 0.711 7.1555 879.005 -1.3031 11.1093 1045.56 -1.092 -5.0982 643.488 1.22
Critical
combination - - - - - - -
with EQX 791.577 157.96 6.1044 770.652 135.447 -8.6136 939.135 5.6196 -5.2843 565.691 123.1
Critical
combination - - - - - - - -
with EQY 1001.96 0.6149 92.7012 981.036 -1.1512 88.8132 1203.99 1.6026 12.0847 692.622 0.86
Table -13 Design of column CD for earthquake
Load C(BOTTOM) C(TOP) D(BOTTOM) D(TOP)

Combinati Pu/fck . Mu/fck . Pu/fck . Mu/fck . Pu/fck .B. Mu/fck . Pu/fck . Mu/fck .
p p p p
on B.D B.D2 B.D B.D2 D B.D2 B.D B.D2
0.1936 0.0122 0.85 0.85
Gravity 0.1666 0.0171 0.162 0.02666 0.859 0.1191 0.0351 0.859
2 3 9 9
Page 71
CE 610
Critical
0.1739 0.0026 0.85 0.0731 0.85
comb with 0.1465 0.142 0.06270 0.859 0.1047 0.0570 0.859
1 0 9 2 9
EQX
Critical
0.2229 0.0049 0.85 0.0381 0.85
comb with 0.1855 0.1816 0.03654 0.859 0.1287 0.0228 0.859
6 7 9 4 9
EQY
Table -14 Tabulation of shear forces in column CD for different load combinations.
S. LOAD C(TOP) C(BOTTOM) D(TOP) D(BOTTOM)

NO. COMBINATION EQX EQY EQX EQY EQX EQY EQX EQY
1 1.5(DL+IL) 0.652 5.892 1.585 5.903 0.531 9.36 0.652 5.892
2 1.5(DL+EQX) 95.07 4.748 100.544 6.017 84.186 6.928 95.07 4.748
3 1.5(DL-EQX) -93.956 4.748 -96.088 6.017 -83.267 6.928 -93.956 4.748
4 1.5(DL+EQY) 0.607 62.481 2.28 55.594 0.56 52.43 0.607 62.481
5 1.5(DL-EQY) 0.507 -52.986 2.175 -43.56 0.358 -38.593 0.507 -52.986
6 0.9DL+1.5EQX 94.847 2.849 99.653 3.61 84.002 4.157 94.847 2.849
7 0.9DL-1.5EQX -94.178 2.849 -96.979 3.61 -83.451 4.157 -94.178 2.849
8 0.9DL+1.5EQY 0.384 60.582 1.389 53.187 0.377 49.689 0.384 60.582
9 0.9DL-1.5EQY 0.284 -54.885 1.284 -45.967 0.175 -41.365 0.284 -54.885
10 1.2(DL+LL+EQX) 76.143 4.695 79.925 4.706 67.417 7.434 76.143 4.695
11 1.2(DL+LL-EQX) -75.077 4.695 -77.38 4.706 -66.545 7.434 -75.077 4.695
12 1.2(DL+LL+EQY) 0.573 50.882 1.314 44.368 0.517 43.851 0.573 50.882
13 1.2(DL+LL-EQY) 0.493 -41.491 1.23 -34.955 0.356 -28.984 0.496 -41.491
Design for Shear
Shear Capacity of Column
Assuming 50% steel provided as tensile steel tobe on conservative side,

.809
Ast = 2 = .4045%
Permissible shear stress t c = .42MPa
By interpolation using Table 19 of IS 456:2000
Considering lowest Pu = 238.886 KN

3Pu
Δ=1+A = 1.133 < 1.5 (Clause 40.2.2 of IS 456: 2000)
g fck
t c = .476 MPa
Effective depth in X direction = 400 – 40 – 20/2 = 350 mm
Vc = .476×450×350/1000 = 74.97 KN
Effective depth in Y direction = 450 - 40 – 20/2 = 400 mm
Vc = .476×400×400/1000 = 76.16 KN
Shear As Per Analysis
Page 72
CE 610
The maximum factored shear force in X and Y direction is 95.07 KN and 62.481 kN
respectively. (Refer Table )
Shear Force Due to Plastic Hinge

Formation at Ends of Beam
Earthquake in X-Direction
The longitudinal beam of size 300×500 the hogging and sagging moment capacities are
evaluated as 212.8 kN-m and 236.11 kN-m, respectively(here assumed; to be taken from
actual design of the beams).
Fig. B
Referring to Figure B (Clause 7.5; IS 13920: 2016), the shear force corresponding to plastic
hinge formation in the longitudinal beam is evaluated as:
Mubr + Mubl
Vu = 1.4( )
hst
212 .8+236 .11
= 1.4( )
3.1
= 202.73 KN
Therefore, the design shear demand in X-direction is 202.73 kN (from capacity design
principle) and 95.07 kN (from analysis) whichever is the higher.
Details of Transverse Reinforcement

Vs = 202.73 – 74.97
= 127.764 KN
4×50×.87×500×350
Spacing of 4 Legged 8 Φ Links = = 238.33 KN (assumed Fe500 grade of
127764
steel for stirrups)
Nominal links
The spacing of hoops shall not exceed half the least lateral dimension of the column = 400/2
= 200 mm
(Clause 7.4; IS 13920:2016).
Hence, Provide 8 Φ links @ 200 mm c/c in mid-height portion of the column.
Confining links
The area of cross section Ash of the bar forming rectangular hoop to be used as special
confining
reinforcement shall not be less than
.18×S× h×fck Ag .05×S×h×fck
Ash = (A -1)or
yf k y f
(Clause 7.6.1 of IS 13920:2016).
Page 73
CE 610
h = longer dimension of the rectangular link measured to its outer face= ((450–40–40–
20)/3+(8×2))+20) = 152.66 mm or ((400–40–40-20)/2+(8×2)+20) = 186 mm.
Whichever is higher, i.e., h = 186 mm.
Ag = 400×450 = 180000 m𝑚2
Ak = (400 - 2×40 +2×8)×(450 - 2×40 +2×8)= 336×386 = 129696 mm2
Assuming 8 Φ stirrups, Ash = 50 mm2 , substituting we get S = 64.2 mm.
Link spacing for confining zone shall not exceed 6 times diameter of the smallest longitudinal
reinforcement bars = 6× 12 = 72 mm. (Clause 7.6.1(b) of IS 13920:2016, see amendment)
Provide 8 Φ confining links @ 60 c/c for a distance lo, which shall not be less than the
following (Clause 7.6.1 (a) of IS 13920:2016):
i) larger lateral dimension = 450 mm
ii) 1/6 of clear span = (3100 – 500)/6 = 433.3 mm
iii) 450 mm
Therefore, provide 8 Φ confining links @ 60 c/c for a distance of lo = 450 mm from eth
column face on either side of the joint.
Check as Flexural Member for Load Comb 0.9 DL + 1.5 EQY

Factored moment = 104.4683 kN-m
Effective depth = 450 – 40 - 20/2 = 400 mm
𝑀𝑢 104468300
2 = = 1.63
𝑏𝑑 400×400 2
Referring to Table 2 of SP: 16, we get
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = .7808%
= .7808×400×400/100 = 1249.28 m𝑚2
𝐴𝑠𝑡 provided on one face = 4 - 20Φ
= 4 × 314
= 1256 m𝑚2 > 1249.28 m𝑚2
Hence, ok.
Table 15 : Summary of reinforcement for column CD
Column CD Longitudinal
Reinforcement
Reinforcement 3-20Φ + 3-16Φ

at C Steel provided =
1546.96 m𝑚2
i.e., .859%
Reinforcement 3-20Φ + 3-16Φ
at D Steel provided =
1546.96 m𝑚2
i.e., .859%
Page 74
CE 610
Figure 22: Reinforcement detailing of CD column
6. Design of beam-column joint
Interior joint Column of first floor level:
Shear strength of concrete at a joint:
V jc = 1.0 Aej√𝑓ck (This formula is chosen because beam width 300 mm is less than column width
along both x and y directions, i.e., 400mm and 450 mm respectively: Cl. 9.1.1 IS 13920 : 2016).
Aej = bjwj, where bj and wj are effective widths of joint perpendicular and along the
direction of shear force, respectively and their values are given as: (Cl. 9.1.1 IS 13920 :
2016).
Page 75
CE 610
Figure 23: Plan view of joint showing effective width of joint
For shear force along x-direction:
bj = min(bb+hc ; bb+2x) = min(300+400 ; 300+2×75) = min(700 ; 450) = 450 mm.
wj = hc = 400 mm.
Aej = bjwj = 400 × 450 = 180000 mm2
For shear force along y-direction:
bj = min(bb+hc ; bb+2x) = min(300+450 ; 300+2×50) = min(750 ; 400) = 400 mm.
wj = hc = 450 mm.
Aej = bjwj = 450 × 400 = 180000 mm2
Therefore, the shear strength of concrete at joint is given by:
1.0×180000√30
𝑉jcx = 𝑉jcy = 1.0 Aej √𝑓ck = = 985.91 kN
1000
Estimation of column shear for x direction earthquake:
Column shears for sway to right and left is shown in figure:-
Page 76
CE 610
column shear as per Cl. 7.5 IS 13920 : 2016

Hogging and sagging moment capacities of connected longitudinal beam are 94.89
kN-m and 137.13 kN-m respectively.
𝑀 94.89
For sway to right, Vcol = 1.4( ℎ ℎ ) = 1.4×( 3.1 ) = 42.85kN
st
𝑀 137.13
For sway to left, Vcol = 1.4( ℎ 𝑠 ) = 1.4×( ) = 61.92kN
st 3.1
Estimation of column shear for y-direction earthquake:
Column shears for sway to right and left is shown in Figure 5.13.
( 𝑀As Bh
𝑢 + 𝑀𝑢 ) (𝑀Ah Bs
𝑢 + 𝑀𝑢 )
𝑉col = 1.4 𝑉col = 1.4
ℎst ℎst
Figure 24: Column shear as per Cl. 7.5 IS 13920 : 2016
Sagging and hogging moment capacities for left side transverse beam are 321.27 kN-
m and 167.95 kN-m, respectively. While sagging and hogging moment capacities for
right side transverse beam are 238.186 kN-m and 141.15 kN-m, respectively.
( 𝑀As Bh
𝑢 +𝑀𝑢 ) ( 321.27+141.15)
For sway to right: 𝑉col = 1.4 = 𝑉col = 1.4 × = 208.83 kN
ℎst 3.1
(𝑀Ah Bs
𝑢 +𝑀𝑢 ) ( 167.95+238.186)
For sway to left: 𝑉col = 1.4 = 𝑉col = 1.4 × = 183.41 kN
ℎst 3.1
Page 77
CE 610
Check of joint shear for x-direction earthquake:
The development of forces in the joint for sway to right and left along x-direction
earthquake are shown in Figure 5.14
Figure 25: Joint shear (Cl. 9.1.2)
The longitudinal beam shown above is reinforced with 9-12Φ bars at top and 7-12Φ
bars at bottom.
Force developed in top bars:

𝜋
T1 = 1.25fy Ast = (1.25 × 500 ×( 9× ×122 ))/1000 = 636.0512 kN
4
Force developed in bottom bars:

𝜋
T2 = 1.25fy Ast = (1.25 × 500 × 7 × × 122 )/1000 = 494.707 kN
4
Referring to Figure 5.14:
For sway to right, Vjoint = T1 – Vcol = 636.0512 – 208.83 = 427.2212 kN < Vjc (985.91
kN). Hence, ok
For sway to left,
Vjoint = 494.707 – 183.41 = 311.297 kN < Vjc (958.91 kN). Hence, ok
Check of joint shear for y-direction earthquake:
The development of forces in the joint for sway to right and left along y-direction
earthquake are shown in Figure 5.15
Page 78
CE 610
Figure 26: Joint shear (Cl. 9.1.2)
The transverse beam shown above is reinforced with 6-16Φ+1-12Φ bars at top and 5-
12Φ bars at bottom.
Force developed in top bars:

𝜋 𝜋
For sway to right, T1 = 1.25fy Ast = (1.25 × 500 × (6 ×4 ×162 +4 ×122 )/1000 = 824.1725
kN
Force developed in bottom bars:

𝜋
For sway to left, T1 = 1.25fy Ast = (1.25 × 500 × 5 × × 122 )/1000 = 494.8008 kN
4
Referring to Figure 5.15:
For sway to right, Vjoint = T1 + C2 – Vcol = 824.1725 + 494.8008 – 208.83 = 1110.14

kN < Vjc (985.91 kN). Hence, ok
For sway to left, Vjoint = 824.175 + 494.8008 – 183.41 =1135.56kN < Vjc (985.91 kN).
Hence, ok
Check for flexural strength ratio for x-direction earthquake:
The hogging and sagging moment capacities of longitudinal beam are 117.68 kN-m
and 101.698 kN-m respectively.
The column is reinforced with 3-20Φ + 3-16Φ bars, with

𝑝 1545.372×100
= = 0.02861
𝑓 ck 400×450×30
Page 79
CE 610
Figure 27: Strong column – weak beam requirement (Cl, 7.2.1 IS 13920 : 2016)
i). For sway to right:

D = 450 mm, b = 400 mm
𝑃ub 939.135×103
Pub == 939.135 kN ; 𝑓 = 30×400×450 = 0.1739;
ck bD
𝑃𝑢 𝑝
Using chart 48 of SP 16 for = 0.1739 and = 0.02861:
𝑓ck bD 𝑓ck
𝑀cb
= 0.089 ; Mcb = 0.089×30×400×4502 /106 = 213.84 kN-m
𝑓ck bD2
𝑃ut 1203×103
Put = 1203 kN ; 𝑓 = 30×400×450 = 0.2227;
ck bD
𝑃𝑢 𝑝
𝑓ck bD 𝑓ck
𝑀ct
= 0.086 ; Mct = 0.088×30×400×4502 /106 = 208.98 kN-m
𝑓ck bD2
Mb = 77.139 kN-m
∑ 𝑀𝑐 = 213.84+208.98 = 422.82
∑ 𝑀𝑏 = 229.15
∑ 𝑀𝑐 422.82
∑ 𝑀𝑏
= 229.15 = 1.84 > 1.4. Hence, ok.
ii). For sway to left:

D = 450 mm, b = 400 mm
𝑃ub 565× 103
Pub = 565 kN ; 𝑓 = 30×400× 450 = 0.104;
ck bD
𝑃𝑢 𝑝
𝑓ck bD 𝑓ck
𝑀cb
= 0.095 ; Mcb = 0.095×30×400×4502 /106 = 230.85 kN-m
𝑓ck bD2
𝑃ut 692×103
Put = 692 kN ; = = 0.1281;
𝑓ck bD 30×400×450
𝑃𝑢 𝑝
𝑓ck bD 𝑓ck
𝑀ct
= 0.097 ; Mct = 0.092×30×500×4502 /106 = 294.63 kN-m
𝑓ck bD2
Mb = 89.368 kN-m
∑ 𝑀𝑐 = 230.85+294.63 = 525.48 kN-m
∑ 𝑀𝑏 = 89.368 kN-m
Page 80
CE 610
∑ 𝑀𝑐 525.48
∑ 𝑀𝑏
= 89.368 = 5.87 > 1.4. Hence, ok.
Page 81
CE 610
7. References
 IS 875 (Part 1): Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) For
Buildings and Structures. Part 1: Dead loads (Second Revision) (1987)
 IS 875 (Part 2): Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) For
Buildings and Structures. Part 2: Imposed Loads (Second Revision) (1987)
 IS 456(2000): Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete (4 th revision)
 IS 1893(2016): Criterion for earthquake resistant design of structures (Part 1, General
provisions and buildings)
 IS 13920(2016): Code of practice for ductile design and detailing of reinforced
concrete structures subjected to seismic forces
Page 82
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PROJECT REPORT (CE-610) EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF BUILDING

Conference Paper · August 2020

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PROJECT REPORT (CE-610)

EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF BUILDING

Harshit Aggarwal (T19001)

Ashwani Kumar Sharma (T19013)

Ayush Tiwari (T19014)

Akhil Verma (T19018)

under the guidance of

Dr. Sandip Kumar Saha

(Assistant Professor, School of Engineering)

Harshit Aggarwal (T19001)

Ashwani Kumar Sharma (T19013)

Ayush Tiwari (T19014)

Akhil Verma (T19018)

Figure No. Figure Title Page No.

27 Strong column – weak beam requirement (Cl, 7.2.1 IS 13920 : 80

Table No. Table Title Page No.

9 Tabulation of shear forces in column AB for different load 64

1.1 Design Data

Building Type – Police headquarter

Soil type – Hard

Thickness of interior wall = 150 mm.

Thickness of exterior wall = 230 mm.

Grade of concrete = M30.

Grade of reinforcing steel = Fe500.

Self-weight of concrete = 25 kN/m3 .

Self-weight of masonry (including plaster) = 20 kN/m3 .

Floor finish = 1 kN/m3 .

Roof treatment = 1.5 kN/m3 .

Slab thickness = 150 mm.

Frame along = y4.

1.2 General Assumptions and statements

Size of column section = 300mm × 450 mm.

Figure 1: Plan of building.

Figure 2(i) : Elevation of building in X-Z axis

Figure 2(ii): Elevation of building in Y-Z axis

2.1 Load Calculations

Table1: Self-weight of members.

Members Dimensions Self-weight

Beam 300 mm × 500 mm 0.30 × 0.50 × 25 = 3.75 kN/m

Slab Thickness = 150 mm 0.15 × 25 = 3.75 kN/m2

Exterior walls Thickness = 230 mm 0.23 × 2.6 × 20 = 11.96 kN/m

2.1.2 Beam Load Calculations

Table2: Beam load calculations at different floor level.

Beam load Calculations

Floor Beams Loading At Ends At Centre

D.L(kN/m) L.L(kN/m) D.L(kN/m) L.L(kN/m)

Imposed 0 0.75×(0+1) 0 0.75×(1.5+1)

Total 15.71 0 22.835 4.5

B16, Self- 3.75 0 3.75 0

Total 16.3 3 23.425 7.5

Total 15.71 0 22.835 4.5

Total 11.55 0 25.8 9

Total 15.71 0 15.71 0

Total 11.55 0 11.55 0

Figure 3: Gravity loads for frames x1 and x4.

Figure 4: Gravity loads for frames x2 and x3.

Figure 5: Gravity loads for frames y1 and y4.

Figure 6: Gravity loads for frames y2 and y3.

2.2.1 Seismic weight calculation

𝐴𝑠𝑡 ,𝑚𝑎𝑥 =0.025 (Bd)= 0.025300438=3285 mm2