Practical Research 2

Quarter 1 – Module 2B:

Identifying the Inquiry and
Stating the Problem
Applied Economics – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 2B: Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Problem
First Edition, 2020

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Practical Research 2
Quarter 1 – Module 2B:
Identifying the Inquiry and
Stating the Problem
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Practical Research 2 – Grade 12 Alternative Delivery Mode

(ADM) Module on Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Problem !

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Practical Research 2 – Grade 12 Alternative Delivery Mode

(ADM) Module on Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Problem!

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often
used to depict skills, actions and purposes. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empower to successfully achieve the relevant competencies
and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning. You will be able to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson. If you get all the correct answers
(100%), you may decide to skip the module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you have learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

2. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
3. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module deals with identifying the inquiry and stating the problem in a
quantitative research. It is the first and most important step in a research because
it serves as the foundation of the study. This module will help you to develop the
ability to formulate research problem that will provide the rationale of your study.

At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:

1. Write a research title (CS_RS12_Id – e – 2);
2. Describe background of research (CS_RS12_Id – e – 3);
3. State research questions (CS_RS12_Id – e – 4);
4. Indicate scope and delimitation of the study (CS_RS12_Id – e – 5); and,
5. Present written statement of the problem (CS_RS12_Id – e – 7).

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 What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is NOT an important characteristic of a researchable

question?

A. It is interesting.

B. It is comprehensive.

C. It provides a positive outcome to society.

D. It is answerable by some sort of data that can be collected.

2. The following are examples of research question, which of them is most suitable
for quantitative research?

A. What are the features of ornamental plants in the city?

B. Will the soil components affect the shape of the seeds?

C. Is there a significant relationship between amount of sunlight and the height of

the plants?

D. Do online resource materials enhance the academic performance of the students?

3. A good research question is ____________________.

A. Feasible, clear, ethical

B. Clear, significant, ethical

C. Feasible, clear, significant, ethical

D. Feasible, clear, significant, hypothetical

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4. A research question becomes significant when _____.

A. It does not take undue resources.

B. It uses simple words for readers.

C. It does not harm any participants.

D. It contributes to a bigger body of knowledge.

5. Which of the following statements is an example of correlational research?

A. Is pre – online tutorial effective in Kindergarten pupils for distance learning?

B. What is the relationship between type of learning modality and mathematical

skill?

C. What are the various learning modalities offered in Bataan National High School
for SY 2020 – 2021?

D. Is there a difference in the height of mongo beans in setup A from setup B after
various treatments?

6. Which of the following is an example of a good research question?

A. Does medication help alleviate Covid 19 symptoms?

B. Does owning a pet improve quality of life for older people?

C. How does restricting cellphone use in school affect student social interaction?

D. Which natural park in the Philippines is the best?

7. What are the two types of statement of the problem?

A. Broad and narrow C. Intellectual and formal

B. General and specific D. Several and few

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8. Which of the following is an example of general statement of the problem?

A. What are the students’ reasons for attending nonmandatory online classes in
Bataan?

B. What are the students’ reasons for not attending nonmandatory online classes in
Bataan?

C. What is the students’ attitude regarding nonmandatory classes in Public

Secondary High Schools in Bataan?

D. What actions could teachers in Public Secondary High Schools in Bataan take
that would motivate students to increase their attendance in attending
nonmandatory classes?

9. It identifies the boundaries of the study in terms of subjects, objectives, facilities,

frame, and issues to which the research is focused?

A. Delimitation C. Scope

B. Inquiry D. Statement of the Problem

10. This is the part of a research study that states what is included and not included
in the research study?

A. Background of the Study C. Significance of the Study

B. Scope and Delimitation D. Statement of the Problem

11. Which of the following is included in the scope and delimitation of the study?

A. Topic C. Characteristics of Respondents

B. Time Frame D. All of the above

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12. It includes the variables included in the study?

A. Scope C. Delimitation

B. Limitation D. Background of the Study

13. This states the coverage of your study.

A. Background of the Study C. Scope and Delimitation

B. Research Questions D. Statement of the Problem

14. Which of the following statements is a scope of the study?

A. This study limits on the emotional stress of students due to modular type of
learning.

B. This study focuses on the effects of modular type of learning in terms of problem-
solving skills of students.

C. This study aims to determine all factors affecting the poor attendance of students
in nonmandatory online classes.

D. This study is limited to Grade 11 students of Public Senior High School in Bataan
for the SY 2020 – 2021.

15. Which of the following is NOT part of delimitation in a study?

A. Age C. Objectives

B. Location D. Sex

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 Lesson
Research Questions and
4 Statement of the Problem

What’s In

In the previous lesson, you learned how to introduce a certain topic relevant to your
strand as this is your interest and passion. Hopefully, the past lessons guided you
correctly in achieving your focus. It is assumed that by this time you have explored
your topic and branched from it questions that may be of worth and benefit as you
move forward in your writing.
Research begins with a topic that leads to a problem or question. This question
refers to what must be documented, evaluated or even tested? Also, this is what we
often referred to as the research problem. It is important for a researcher like you to
narrow down the topic to make it more manageable. A well-defined research problem
provides a clear plan that is possible to be accomplished.
In quantitative research, a research problem is the main concern or issue in a
certain topic. This topic must be something that the researcher aims to solve. It
must be specific and precise because it will show the trend on how you will
accomplish your research.

Researcher like you must properly identify your research problem. This problem will
generate questions which are referred to as research questions. Research questions
are questions that you would like to specifically answer in your research. These are
sometimes called sub-problems of your research problem that specify the type of
data you will collect (data collection method) and the process of data analysis you
will employ.

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 What’s New

Directions: Below are examples of research question. Tell whether the given is a
good research question or NOT. Then, write briefly your explanation why is it a good
research question or not a good research question. Write your answers in a separate
sheet following the format given below.

Research Question Good Explanation

Research
Question?
(Yes/ NO)
1. What is the effect of global warming?

2. What effect do online games give on

people’s mind?

3. Is there a significant relationship

between the number of positive cases of
Covid 19 to the level of stress
management of senior high students?

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 What is It

Characteristics of a Good Research Question

1. Clear. A good research question provides enough specifics that the readers can
easily understand the purpose without needing additional explanation. It must be
specific and the concepts are well defined. Avoid using vague language and broad
ideas.

2. Feasible. As a research-beginner, bear in mind that your research questions

must be answerable within practical constraints. It means that you have enough
time and resources to accomplish all needed data for your research. Furthermore,
your questions must not ask for a conclusive solution or course of action. Consider
the following examples of research questions: “How do senior high students feel
about distance learning?’ and “How do alternative mode of learning affect the senior
high school academic performance?” The second question is definitely the more
feasible question since there is a greater possibility for a researcher to gather data in
a limited time. It will be lot easier to gather information regarding this topic without
consuming much time of the researcher.

3. Significant. As a researcher, you must think of questions that will be beneficial

to your readers. Your question must add value to your research. As much as
possible, do not include questions that will not emphasize the purpose of your study.

4. Ethical. As a researcher, consider the ethical standards of the society in

constructing your questions. Make sure that they will not violate the rights of
individuals involved in your study.

Writing a Research Question

Here are the steps in writing research question.

 Specify your specific concern or issue

 Decide what you want to know about the specific concern into a question
 Ensure that the question is answerable
 Check to make sure the question is not too broad or too narrow.

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Formulating the Research Question.

Research questions are generally classified into two: general and specific. The
general question comes from the research problem. On the other hand, specific
questions are other questions related to the general question. Let us take a look at
the given example below.
The general problem of the study is: “What is the relationship of alternative learning
mode to the academic performance of senior high school students in General
Mathematics? Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions: (1) What are
the different alternative learning mode offered by the school? (2) What are the
academic performances of senior high student in General Mathematics? (3) Is there
a significant relationship between the alternative learning mode and the academic
performance of the senior high school students in General Mathematics?”

In stating your quantitative research questions, be aware of the design of your

quantitative research. Research design will further be discussed in Module 4. For
the purpose of writing your research question, let us briefly discuss the different
classifications of quantitative research design and formulation of research questions.

Here is an example format of Statement of the Problem:

This study seeks to determine the (Title of your research)

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What are the profile of the respondents in terms of:

(a) age

(b) sex?
2. What is the level of (it can be awareness, implementation, etc.)?

3. Is there a significant difference between…? ( if you are comparing two variables)

4. Is there a significant relationship between the (ex. Profile and the level of… if you
are testing the relationship between or among)

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 What’s More

Directions: Here are samples of research question. Rank them using the scale of 1
– 10 (1 = lowest, 10 = highest) based on its feasibility and clarity as a quantitative
research question. If you find that the questions are not so good, then rewrite the
questions on the last column of the table. If you think it is already good, then write
your justifications also.

Quantitative Your Rating Revised

Research Feasible Clear Significant Ethical Question/
Question Justification
1. How
many Grade
11 students
are enrolled
in blended
learning this
school year?
2. Is
modular or
online
learning
more
effective in
Language
subjects?
3. Is there a
significant
relationship
in the
number of
households
and Covid –
19 confirmed
cases in a
barangay?

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 What I Have Learned

Directions: As you have learned from this lesson, answer each question
comprehensively.

1. I have learned that research question is

2. I have learned that good questions are

3. This time, I have learned that when stating quantitative research questions

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 What I Can Do

Directions: Create your statement of the problem based on the given title below.
Be mindful of the rubrics to be used in this activity. (15 points)

Research Title:
Modular Distance Learning: Its Effects to Academic Performance in General
Mathematics of Grade 11 Senior High School Students of Public
Secondary School in Bataan for SY 2020 – 2021

Statement of the Problem:

This study seeks to determine the

.
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1.

2.

3.

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 RUBRIC
Elements 5 Points 4 Points 3 Points 2 Points 1 Point
Identification The The The problem The problem The
and problem is problem is is clearly and is identified identification
Definition of clearly and clearly and objectively and defined and/or
Problem objectively objectively identified and in a manner definition of
identified identified defined; some that is the problem
with with concise detail may be sometimes/ are unclear
concise language imprecise somewhat and/or
language and defined (general) or unclear clearly
and defined with some unelaborated. and/or may subjective.
with precision of manifest
consistent detail. some
precision of subjectivity.
detail.
Level of Who, what, Who, what, Who, what, Some The problem
Detail when, when, when, where answers to statement
where, and where and and how are who, what, does not
how are how are addressed when, where address
specifically addressed but answers and/or how who, what,
addressed adequately. may be are missing when, where
in unclear. or are and how.
substantial inadequate.
detail.
Limits on The The The problem The problem The problem
solutions problem problem statement is statement is statement is
statement statement is worded to worded to worded so as
is worded to worded to allow a few allow only a to severely
allow an allow possible couple limit
unlimited several solutions. possible solution
number of possible solutions. choices or
possible solutions. leads to one
solutions. favored
solution.

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 Lesson
Scope and Delimitation of
5 the Study

What’s In

In module 1, you were taught how to identify and differentiate research variables and
their uses. It is very important to identify research variables because these will set
the parameters of the study. As you are research beginners, you need to be careful
in selecting your research variables because these will help you determine your
focus. Right focus will set the scope and delimitation of your study.

Directions: Find the synonyms of scope and delimitation. Analyze and connect these
words in order to form the meaning of Scope and Delimitation of the Study.

Synonyms Formed Meaning

Scope 1.
2.
3.
Delimitation 1.
2.
3.

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 What’s New

Directions: Read the sample scope and delimitation. Identify the boundaries of the
study by writing corresponding components on the table below.

This study focused on the effects of parental involvement to the school achievement
of eleventh-grade students who attended one senior high school in Samal, Bataan
during the 2016- 2017 academic year.

For the purpose of this study, gender, socioeconomic status and student
attendance were not considered. The experience of the eleventh-grade teachers was
also not included.
Components of the Scope and Delimitation
1. Topic of the Study

2. Objective of the Study or Problems

to be Addressed

3. Time Frame in which the study is to

be conducted

4. The locale or area where the study

will be conducted

5. Characteristics of the participants of

the study

6. Other parameters

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 What is It

Scope and Delimitation

It is important to narrow down your research topic and limit the scope of the study.
As a researcher, you should inform the reader about the coverage of your study. The
scope will identify the boundary of the study in terms of subjects, objectives,
facilities, area, time frame, and the issues to which the research is focused.
Here are some phrases that help express the scope of the study:
 The coverage of the study …

 The study consists of …

 The study covers the …

 This study is focus on …

The delimitation of the study is delimiting the study by geographic location, age,
sex, population traits, or other similar considerations. It is used to make the study
better and more feasible and not just for the interest of the researcher. It also
identifies the weaknesses of the study which are not within the control of the
researcher.

Here are some phrases that express the delimitation of the study:

 The study does not cover the …

 The researcher limited this research to …

 This study is limited to …

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Components of Scope and Delimitation

The following are the components of the scope and delimitation of the study but not
limited to.

Topic of the Study. What are the variables to be included and excluded in
the research?
Objectives or Problems to be Addressed. Why are you doing this study?

Time Frame. When are you going to conduct this study?

Locale of the Study. Where are you going to gather or collect your data?

Characteristics of the Respondents. Who will be your respondents?

Method and Research Instruments. How are you going to collect the data?

Limitation vs. Delimitation of the Study

Limitation of the study refers to those variables included in your study. This
actually identifies the scope of the study. On the other hand, delimitation of the
study describes the various limitations that arise during the design and conduct of
the study. Most of the delimitations arise from the usefulness of the findings of the
study to the current problem. Variables which are not included in your study are
also determined by delimitation of the study.

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 What’s More

Directions: Write TRUE if the given statement is correct and FALSE if it is not.

1. Delimitation of the study shows the boundary of the research.

2. Delimitation of the study includes the variables which will be used in the study.

3. Scope of the study includes the variables which are not used in the study.

4. Scope and delimitation of the study may include the objectives, locale of the study,
and method and research instruments.

5. The broader the scope of the research the better for the researcher.

What I Have Learned

Directions: Based on what you have learned in this lesson, answer each question
comprehensively.

1. What I know about scope and delimitation of the study?

2. I have learned that when indicating the scope and delimitation of the study you
must

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 What I Can Do

Directions: Using the research title given below, create a scope and delimitation of
the study. (25 points)

Research Title:

Relationship of the Perceived Stress and Self – Esteem among Grade 11 Senior High
School students of Public Secondary Schools of Bataan for the SY 2020 - 2021

Scope and Delimitation of the Study:

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

RUBRIC

Exemplary Good Satisfactory Poor

10 8 6 4
Quality of Comprehensive Information Information Information
information information clearly covers has gaps has little or
the topic no relation to
Clear, focused Hard to follow the topic
Focused Not so clear

Exemplary Good Satisfactory Poor

10 8 6 4
Organization All components Few Some Many
are included components components components
are lacking are address are not
address
Exemplary Good Satisfactory Poor
5 4 3 2
Mechanics No grammar, Few Some Many
spelling, or grammar, grammar, grammar,
punctuation spelling, or spelling, or spelling, or
errors punctuation punctuation punctuation
errors errors errors

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 Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. A statement about an area of concern, a condition to be improved upon, a

difficulty to be eliminated, or practice that point to the need for a meaningful
understanding and deliberate investigation.

A. Background of the study C. Scope and Delimitation

B. Research Problem D. Statement of the Problem

2. In your research class, your teacher asks you to explain what is a Research
Problem all about, your BEST response will be:
A. It is a troubling question that exists in scholarly literature, theory, or practice
that point to the need for a meaningful understanding and deliberate investigation.
B. These are topics that depend greatly on the writer’s opinion, which tend to be
biased or prejudicial. Facts cannot support topics like these.

C. It is researching on topics that require an advance study, technical knowledge,

and vast experience.

D. All of the above.

3. What are the sources of a good research problem? SELECT ALL THAT MAY
APPLY.

I. Personal interest and experience IV. Statement of the problem

II. Deductions from theory V. Replication of studies

III. Research Problem VI. Significance of the study

A. Only I, II and III C. Only II, III, IV

B. Only I, II, and V D. Only IV, V and VI

4. One of your classmates asks you to give some examples of personal interest and
experience as a source of research problem, your BEST example will be:

A. Checking the findings of a major study

B. The use of formative tests in a statistics class

C. The effectiveness of a mastery approach to learning research
D. Checking the validity of research findings with different subjects

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5. Which of the following is a characteristic of a good research question?

A. broad C. Humorous
B. Clear D. Insignificant

6. Which of the following is a quantitative research?

A. What are the features of herbal plants in the Bataan?

B. Will the soil components affect the height of a fruit bearing trees?

C. Is there a significant relationship between amount of sunlight and the height of

the plants?

D. Do online resource materials enhance the academic performance of the students

in problem solving?

7. What are two categories of statement of the problem?

A. broad and narrow C. Intellectual and formal

B. General and specific D. Several and few

8. These are characteristics of a good research question.

A. Feasible, clear, ethical

B. Clear, significant, ethical

C. Feasible, clear, significant, ethical

D. Feasible, clear, significant, includes hypothesis

9. This refers to boundaries of study in terms of facilities, area, time frame, etc.
A. Delimitation C. Research Question

B. Limitation D. Scope

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10. It entails the coverage of your study?

A. Background of the Study C. Scope and Delimitation

B. Research Questions D. Statement of the Problem

11. This is the part of a research study informs the readers on what is included and
not included in the research study?

A. Background of the Study C. Significance of the Study

B. Scope and Delimitation D. Statement of the Problem

12. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of delimitation?

A. It identifies the constraints or weaknesses of the study.
B. It is used to make the study better and more feasible and not just the interest of
the researcher.

C. It is a study by geographic location, age, sex, population traits, population size,

or other similar considerations.

D. It identifies the boundaries of the study in terms of subjects, objectives, facilities,

area, time frame, and the issues to which the research is focused.

13. The following are the sample phrases that help to express the scope of the study.
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.
I. The coverage of this study… V. This study is focus on …

II. The study consists of … VI. This study is limited to …

III. The study does not cover the … VII. Presents the results of …
IV. The study covers the … VIII. Hypothesis

A. Only I, II, III, and IV C. Only I, II, IV, and V

B. Only I, II, III, and VII D. Only I, II, III, and VIII

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14. Which of the following is included in the scope and delimitation of the study?

A. Locale of the study C. Objectives

B. Population size D. All of the above

15. This part of the study where it includes the variables to be used in the study?

A. Scope C. Delimitation

B. Limitation D. Background of the Study

Additional Activities

Directions: Based on approved title, write its statement of the problem and scope
and delimitation.

23
 24
What I know:
1. C
2. C
3. C
4. D
5. B
6. C
7. A
8. C
9. C
10. B
11. C
12. B
13. C
14. B
15. C
Assessment: Lesson 5: Lesson 5: Lesson 4
1. B What’s More: What’s New: What’s New:
2. A
3. B 1. TRUE 1. Role of 1. No. It’s too
4. B 2. FALSE Performance broad.
5. B 3. TRUE in schools 2. No. It’s too
6. C 4. TRUE and in broad.
7. A 5. FALSE home. 3. Yes. It is
8. C 2. To clear and
9. D determine if specific.
10. C there is a
11. B difference in
What I Can Do: the role of
12. D
13. C performance
14. D in schools
15. B Answer may vary and in home
of the
students in
public and
private
schools.
3. Not
specified.
4. Public and
Private High
School
students in
Albaay
5. Students
enrolled in
Public and
Private High
Schools in
Albay
6. Not specified
Answer Key
References
Baraceros, Esther L. 2016. Practical Research 2. Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Bookstore,
Inc.

Barrot, Jessie S. 2017. Practical Research 2 for Senior High School. Quezon City,
Philippines: C & E Publishing Inc.

Caintic, Helen E. and Cruz, Juanita M. 2018. Scientific Research Manual. C & E
Publishing.

Cortez, Shiahari I, et.al. 2020. The Basics of Quantitative Research Design.

Philippines: John 14 – 14 Book Publishing Center

Fraenkel, Jack R. and Wallen, Norman E. 2006. How to design and Evaluate
Research in Education. Asia: Mc – Graw Hill Companies

2020. https://www.academia.edu/8401026/Scope_and_Delimitation

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph

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