Practical Exercise 2

Hypothesis Testing – One Sample t-test

Course : Math 019A Engineering Data Section : EE21S2

Analysis
Group No. : 8 Date Performed : 09/20/2021
Date Submitted : 09/20/2021

Instructor :

1. Objective(s)

To familiarize the students with the use of Minitab in performing hypothesis testing –
One Sample t-test

2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

At the end of the exercise, the students are expected:

1. Determine whether the population mean significantly differs from the

hypothesized mean.
2. Calculate a range of values that is likely to include the population mean.

3. Make a conclusion about the results of the hypothesis test.

3. Discussion

Overview for 1-Sample t

Use 1-Sample t to estimate the mean of a population and to compare it to a target value or a
reference value when you do not know the standard deviation of the population. 
For example, a quality analyst uses a 1-sample t-test to determine whether the average thread
length of bolts differs from the target of 20 mm. If the mean differs from the target, the analyst
uses the confidence interval to determine how large the difference is likely to be and whether
that difference has practical significance.

Where to find this analysis

To perform a 1-sample t-test, choose Stat > Basic Statistics > 1-Sample t.

Data considerations for 1-Sample t

To ensure that your results are valid, consider the following guidelines when you collect data,
perform the analysis, and interpret your results.

1. The population standard deviation is not known

If you know the standard deviation of the population, use 1-Sample Z because the Z-test has
more power than the t-test.

2. The data must be continuous

Continuous data has an infinite number of values between any two values.

3. The sample data should not be severely skewed, and the sample size should be greater
than 20
If your sample size is greater than 20 and the underlying distribution is unimodal and
continuous, the hypothesis test performs appropriately even if the data are mildly skewed. If
your sample size is less than 20, you should graph the data to check for skewness and unusual
observations.

4. The sample data should be selected randomly

In statistics, random samples are used to make generalizations, or inferences, about a
population. If your data are not collected randomly, your results may not represent the
population.

5. Each observation should be independent from all other observations

If you have paired or dependent data, such as measurements of a bearing taken with two
different calipers, use Paired t instead.

4. Materials and Equipment

 Minitab (optional)
  Reference Book
 Computer

5. Procedure
An economist wants to determine whether the monthly energy cost for families has changed
from the previous year, when the mean cost per month was $200. The economist randomly
samples 25 families and records their energy costs for the current year.

The economist performs a 1-sample t-test to determine whether the monthly energy cost
differs from $200. You may use the excel formula in getting the standard deviation.

Family Energy
ID Cost
1 211
2 572
3 558
4 250
5 478
6 307
7 184
8 435
9 460
10 308
11 188
12 111
13 676
14 326
15 142
16 255
17 205
18 77
19 190
20 320
21 407
22 333
23 488
24 374
25 409
6. Data and Results
Step 1: Specify the Null and Alternative Hypothesis

H0: μ = 200
H1: μ ≠ 200

Step 2: Determine the Variables

x̄= 330.56 s = 154.18
μ = 200 n = 25
Step 3: Identify the Test Statistic
Two Tailed T-Test
Step 4: Set the Significance Level and Degrees of Freedom
α = 0.05

df = n – 1

df = 25 - 1

df = 24

Step 5: Calculate

t = 4.23

Step 6: Conclusion

t is lying on the rejected area, therefore, we reject the null hypothesis (t = 4.23).
7. Data Analysis and Conclusion
CONCLUSION

At 95% or 0.05
confidence level, and df

-2.064 +2.064

t=

Based on the collected data the t score is 4.23 and it lies on the rejected area on t graph at
95% confidence level and has degree of freedom of 24. Therefore we reject the null hypothesis
and we accept the alternative hypothesis. In conclusion, there is no significant difference
between the monthly energy cost for families from the previous year and 25 sample families
from the current year.

8. Reflection on the Attainment of Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):

The use of a one-sample t-test is to estimate the mean population and relate it to the
target value to get the standard deviation of your population. In this activity, we learn how to
use a sample mean to test a hypothesis about a population mean. We notice based on the
collected data that the population mean significantly differs from the hypothesized mean. The
p-value is .000294 resulting significant at p < .05. The interval [139.563, 260.437] includes the
real population means μ. We may be 95 percent certain that the interval [139.563, 260.437]
contains the true difference between the population means μ. At the 95 % confidence level, has
a degree of freedom of 24, and the t score is 4.2 that is lying to the rejection area. Therefore,
we reject the null hypothesis and we accept the alternative hypothesis. Thus, studies are set up
to provide evidence that the null hypothesis is “wrong,” and that the alternative hypothesis is
“correct.”

PROOF OF COLLABORATION