Fonelos, John Cris B. 104-3

Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE

F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Assignment No. 104-3
Assignment Objectives:
1. Explain the need to properly structure the search for a solution to a problem.
2. Design each task in a problem-solving effort so that it is most fruitful; that is, so that it will provide
the most information or guidance.
3. Use various attributes of the final solution state to guide earlier decisions made along the solution
path.
4. Define the most common or general engineering design goals.
5. Differentiate between general and specific design goals.
6. Differentiate between design goals and design specifications.
7. Eliminate paths that do not satisfy the desired design goals and/or specifications.
8. Use anthropometric, anatomical, physiological, and other types of ergonomic data to formulate
design goals and constraints for human-machine systems.
Lecture Reference:
1. Self-instructional lesson 104-3
2. Engineering by Design by Gerard Voland pages 103-137
Assignment Instructions:
A. Option 1 (For those that have computers)
1. On the computer, download or just copy the Assignment template on a New Word Document and
format the document to A4 size, portrait orientation, moderate margins, font is Calibri (Body) size
11, and single line spacing.
2. Remember that you are also an editor to the Box Drive so do not remove the assignment template as
it might be needed by your classmates nor remove submitted assignment by your classmate as I am
notified in my email about removal of data from the drive. You can remove files on the drive so long
as it is your assignment if you want to improve your work.
3. Provide the answer or solution to every question or problem in the Assignment Template,
4. After all the question and/or problems have been answered/solved, save it either as Word or PDF
file with the file being named after your name like delaCruzJuan104-3.
5. If there are special instruction on the question inside the Assignment, just comply with it.
6. Upload the file to the subfolder “Assignment 104-3” of the folder “Student Submissions” to our
shared drive.
B. Option 2 (For Those who have mobile Phones only)

1. Get a piece of clean blank paper, then write the following on the upper side:
your name (Family, First, MI) ME 104 Assignment No 3 BSME 2AorB Date: _______________
2. Write the question or problem,

3. Provide the answer or solution below every question or problem,
4. All entries should be hand written and is STRICTLY in “ENGINEERING LETTERING”.
5. After all the question and/or problems have been answered/solved, take a picture from your phone
and save it as PDF with the file being named after your name like delaCruzJuan104-3.
6. If there are special instruction on the question inside the Assignment, just comply with it.
7. Upload the file to the subfolder “Assignment 104-3” of the folder “Student Submissions” to our
shared drive.
Assignment 104-3 1st Semester AY 2021-2022 ME 104 – ME Design Concepts & Fabrication 2
Name JOHN CRIS B. FORNELOS Course/Yr/Blk : BSME 2-A Date 09/18/21
ILO 1. Understand thoroughly the engineering design process starting from assessment of needs up to
improving details specifically:
a. Explain the need to properly structure the search for a solution to a problem.
b. Design each task in a problem-solving effort so that it is most fruitful; that is, so that it will provide
the most information or guidance.
c. Use various attributes of the final solution state to guide earlier decisions made along the solution
path.
d. Define the most common or general engineering design goals.
e. Differentiate between general and specific design goals.
f. Differentiate between design goals and design specifications.
g. Eliminate paths that do not satisfy the desired design goals and/or specifications.
h. Use anthropometric, anatomical, physiological, and other types of ergonomic data to formulate
design goals and constraints for human-machine systems.
A. Reflections and Analysis.

1. In the Twelve Coins and a Scale: The Difficult Version, Part I and II, provide an illustration or drawing
that shows the solution of the problem (handwritten and take a picture and attach to this question.
2. Solve the following Puzzles/Riddles:

a. Connect the following nine dots with four contiguous straight
lines. Draw the four straight lines without lifting your pen.
b. Slice a round cake three times so that you can make eight
identical pieces.
Cut #1 – Down the center of the cake (vertically) leaving two

equal halves.
Cut #2 – Across the center of the cake (horizontally) leaving four equal slices.
Cut #3 – Through the middle edge of the cake slicing all four of the pieces in equal halves,
leaving eight equal slices (four equal tops and four equal bottoms).
c. What is the name of the son/daughter of your mother that is not your brother/sister?
John Cris B. Fornelos
d. Which is correct: “The yolk of the egg is white” or “The egg yolk is white”?
Neither, egg yolks are yellow.
e. On a bench has three sitting women eating ice cream in a cone holding it using their left
hand. The first woman holds the cone firmly while licking the ice cream using the tip of her
tongue, the second one holds it the same as the first while swallowing the ice cream
wholely. The last one just holds the cone with three fingers and licking the ice cream with all
of his tongue. Which do you think is the married woman?
The woman with a ring.
f. What am I, you bury me when I’m alive, you pull/dig me up when I die.
Plant.
g. In the figure below are six coins, move only one coin to make
two rows of coins with four coins.
I’ll move the last coin going to middle.
h. Peter's father has five sons. The names of four sons are Fefe, Fifi, Fafa and Fufu respectively.
What is the name of the fifth son?
Peter.
i. You die and when you go to heaven, St. Peter offer you a choice whether you can go to hell
or heaven since you’re not really bad nor good. There are two identical doors, one leading to
hell and the other to heaven. Each door is guarded by an angel, one is a liar and the other
tells the truth. You are given by St. Peter to ask just only one question to either of the two
angels (means when you ask one angel you can never ask the other or even ask another
question). What will you ask in order to see to it that you choose the right door to heaven?
If I ask the other guard which is the door to heaven, which door will they point me to?
3. In the readings “Laminated Glass for Automobile Windshield”, would you use ordinary glass as a
replacement to tempered glass on your windows since it cost less? Why?
No. Standard glass and tempered glass differ in the way they are processed. Standard glass breaks
into large, irregular shaped shards. Tempered Glass is about four times stronger than regular
class and is known for its safety. And, unlike regular glass, tempered glass fractures into small,
relatively harmless pieces.
4. What do you think is/are advantages of today’s batteries as compared to the previous ones?
The batteries use carbon materials which mean they are more sustainable and environmentally
friendly than current alternatives. It also means the batteries will charge twenty times faster
than lithium ion.
5. In your own opinion, are you amenable to the shopping cart design and functionalities as discussed
in the reading “Shopping Cart Security Systems”, why?
Yes. In many cases customers can then also use the cart to transport their purchased goods to
their vehicles, but some carts are designed to prevent them from leaving either the store or the
designated parking area by magnetically locking the wheels.
6. Commercializing your group’s intended project, what would be the attributes and functionalities that
you think would be very acceptable to the targeted user?
The focus of your strategy should be making sure that your products and services meet customer
needs and developing long-term and profitable relationships with those customers. To achieve
this, you will need to create a flexible strategy that can respond to changes in customer
perceptions and demand. It may also help you identify whole new markets that you can
successfully target.
7. Give at least one local product that employs childproof caps. What do you think why this product
uses such a cap?
Child-proof containers have caps that are difficult for children to remove . In fact, the majority of
prescription and over-the-counter drugs are placed in child-proof bottles. These usually have a
plastic cap that must be pushed down on, while being turned counter clockwise to open. Children
Can Open Those Pill Bottles in a Matter of Seconds. More than 50,000 children end up in the
emergency room each year due to accidental medicine-related poisonings. Child-resistant
packaging has helped prevent many medicine-related poisonings among children.
8. Case History 4.5 is a case of improved Human-Machine Interface. What is Human-Machine Interface
(HMI)? And in today’s technology, give at least one product that you use utilizing HMI in achieving
“Ease of Operation” goal.
A Human-Machine Interface (HMI) is defined as a feature or component of a certain device or

software application that enables humans to engage and interact with machines. Some examples
of common Human Machine Interface devices that we encounter in our daily lives
include touchscreens and keyboards.
9. In the Challenger Disaster, what is the mistakes of the design and engineers that led to the disaster?
Although the destruction of the Shuttle Challenger was caused by the hardware failure of a solid
rocket booster (SRB) "O" ring, the human decision to launch was, in itself, flawed. ln view of the
findings, the Commission concluded that the cause of the Challenger accident was the failure of
the pressure seal in the aft field joint of the right Solid Rocket Motor . The failure was due to a
faulty design unacceptably sensitive to a number of factors.
10. In your proposed design, what standard parts are included, what is its function(s), and where will
you get it?
Design Thinking is a design methodology that provides a solution-based approach to solving

problems. It’s extremely useful in tackling complex problems that are ill-defined or unknown, by
understanding the human needs involved, by re-framing the problem in human-centric ways, by
creating many ideas in brainstorming sessions, and by adopting a hands-on approach
in prototyping and testing. Understanding these five stages of Design Thinking will empower
anyone to apply the Design Thinking methods in order to solve complex problems that occur
around us; in our companies, in our countries, and even on the scale of our planet.
11. In Case History 4.7, what are the reasons why fax machines became very marketable? In today’s
technology why are fax machines obsolete?
The fax machine is a symbol of obsolete technology long superseded by computer networks, but
faxing is actually growing in popularity. ... It turns out that in many cases, faxing is more secure,
easier to use and better suited to existing work habits than computer-based messaging.
12. In the Hubble Space Telescope Failure anecdote, search the internet how much NASA spends just to
correct the error of the mirror. In your design project, what component do you think you can reduce
your cost without sacrificing some important design goals.
Hubble's main mirror being polished before installation . The edges were polished very slightly too
flat, leaving the telescope unable to focus perfectly. The world's first space telescope finally
launched aboard space shuttle Discovery on April 24, 1990. The effort cost $1.5 billion, but there
would be ongoing costs; both expected and unexpected. This problem was solved in December
1993, when astronauts installed corrective optics. How do we make it cheaper? By turning your
back on the normal way of doing things. Focusing too hard on building efficiencies into the product
development process too often leads to shortcuts that are counter-productive. You end up adding
to a project’s cost, rather than generating the savings that were intended. Real savings come from
innovation in process, not just innovation in design.
13. What are the reasons why Weyerhausers’ UltraSofts Diapers became a commercial failure?
Unexpected costs and financial limitations. Some of the diaper’s components (such as its lining)
had been fabricated on a pilot basis by suppliers; however, these suppliers were unwilling to
increase production without long-term contracts with the manufacturer, Weyerhauser, contracts
that could not be awarded during the early production period.
14. In the Mianus River Bridge Collapse, what causes the pin-and-hanger assembly to corrode? In your
proposed design, what part(s) would be needed for maintenance and what maintenance procedure
would be needed and the frequency of action (e.g. Once a year, every month, every 1 million
revolutions, etc.)?
When designing large structures such as bridges, ships, dams and various modes of
transportation, engineers must determine what methods and materials should be used in order to
design, construct, and maintain the structure for a long period of time. A strict code of ethics must
be followed in order to reduce any possible damages and tragedies. Though this process is used to
try and minimize any design errors and possible failures, unknown factors such as population
increase, natural disasters, and insufficient manpower can cause the structure to fail. Such is the
case for the I-35W Mississippi River Bridge and the Mianus River Bridge.
15. In the Coca-Cola's BreakMate case, what are the reasons that it became a commercial failure?
Designed for offices of between 5-50 employees, the machine was deemed a commercial flop due
to unforeseen complications in cost and parts. In 2007, Coca-Cola stopped supplying parts, and in
2010 the company finally stopped supplying syrup for the machines.
16. In today’s technology, where is Voice Synthesizer mostly used? What would be specific goal of this
technology?
A speech synthesizer is a computerized device that accepts input, interprets data, and produces
audible language. It is capable of translating any text, predefined input, or controlled nonverbal
body movement into audible speech.
17. In the reseeding forests anecdote, what specific goal does the device developed by Philip Hahn
achieved?
The challenge, then, was to find some way to perform reseeding with sufficient speed and relative
ease. One method to accomplish this task was developed during the 1970s by Philip Hahn, who
designed the so-called “double-barreled shotgun” approach for reseeding Douglas fir trees. One
barrel consists of a dibble with which one can punch holes in the ground; the second barrel then
drops a seedling (with its roots in compacted soil) into the hole. This tool effectively doubled the
speed with which reseeding could be accomplished.
18. In Case History 4.8, what are the specific goals achieved by the product?
Dickson’s original design managed to achieve each of his three specific goals: the use of crinoline
ensured that the bandage would retain its sterility, the gauze/adhesive strips allowed the user to
apply the preformed bandage with relative ease, and the adhesive of the surgical tape ensured
that the bandage would remain in place after its application to the wound. Formulating the
problem in terms of the specific goals that must be achieved is a critical step toward the solution.
19. In your proposed design, does that have a specific goal that you want to address? From the lessons
learned, give at least five general/specific goals that your proposed project will achieve.
Since online learning provides greater control to users through the use of minimal infrastructure,
the students can personalize their learning. This enables students to take up new courses and
learn almost from anywhere and anytime. These are only a few reasons to choose an online
education, and why 90 percent of students today think that online learning is the same or better
than the traditional classroom experience. Every student must assess their unique situation and
decide according to their needs and goals, and while this alternative to traditional education is not
for everyone, it's still a convenient option with virtually endless options for international students
all over the world.
20. What are the specific goals of the Pulse Oximetry device, and how does it work?
The pulse oximeter observes a rapid measurement of oxygen saturation level in your body without
using needles or taking a blood sample. The measured amount shown on the screen reflects the
saturation of your red blood cells with oxygen. This number gives your doctors and nurses an idea
of what your treatment will be.
21. In the Sinking Boat Anecdote, why does the boat sink? What factor affects and was not considered
by the user of the boat?
It had been assumed that the boat could transport ten people since it did so on a daily basis.
However, the Western visitors and most of the others aboard the boat were substantially heavier
than the natives; their combined weight was beyond the capacity of the boat to support. One
human factor—weight— led to this accident.
22. Cite at least one situation you encountered where a product you use that you think has ergonomic
problem (e.g. If you’re a regular built person then you ride on a tricycle wherein your head is already
touching the roof, which means that the tricycle was poorly designed especially ergonomically.
For example, physical threats like tall heights and heavy machinery might be of greater concern to
construction workers, whereas mental health and repetitive stress injuries might be the focus of
office environments.
23. Considering ergonomics, what part of your proposed design considers ergonomics in its design?
All of the programs offered by the virtual, which means students are often studying at home.
Whether you have a fully equipped home office or you tend to just use your laptop on the couch,
taking a moment to educate yourself about ergonomics and making a few adjustments could
make you more comfortable and prevent injury. Ergonomics is the practice of making the work
environment more efficient by minimizing human fatigue and discomfort, and maximizing safety.
Common injuries associated with working on a computer for extended periods of time include
strains, carpal tunnel syndrome and tendonitis. If you’re experiencing any symptoms like muscle
aches, pain or numbness it may be a sign that you need to switch up how you study.
24. Search the internet for Anthropometric Data for Asian (or of your interest). Considering your design
proposal, what anthropometric data do you need? How would you use the data in your design?
In line with our proposal, I will go with the eyes. Since online learning tackles mostly of facing our
gadgets nowadays. It’s quite easy to do damage to your eyes staring at a screen all day. You
might experience headaches, watery eyes or having trouble focusing. To stop any problems, look
away from your screen at something in the distance to give your eyes a break every twenty
minutes. You can also adjust the brightness of your screen to fend off eye fatigue. Wear glasses if
you need them to avoid straining, and reduce glare from the window or lights by angling the
screen or moving the monitor.
25. Analyze your proposed design and rework it considering ergonomic factor. Use the data you have
searched. Then edit your Group’s work then submit/resubmit it on the designated folder on our
drive.
Distance education is the fastest growing educational modality because of advances information
technology has made over the past 25 years. Adult learners have become the fastest growing population
in distance education. Adult learners, through technical tools and devices they use on the job, have
become more digitally literate and mobile, making the ability to access class work on the go a necessity.
Mobile learning or m-learning (learning that uses wireless, portable, mobile computing, and
communication devices) is becoming an extension of distance learning, providing a channel for students to
learn, communicate, and access educational material outside the traditional classroom environment. For
adult learners, this modality allows them to take advantage of accessing material using mobile devices
they use for job related activities. Despite the portability and readiness to information mobile devices
provide its users, cognitive and physical ergonomic issues may impact learner performance. These issues
may stem from information overload and physical discomfort from extended use of the mobile device
which may negatively affect the overall success and satisfaction of m-learning environments.

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Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE

B. Option 2 (For Those who have mobile Phones only)

2. Write the question or problem,

Name JOHN CRIS B. FORNELOS Course/Yr/Blk : BSME 2-A Date 09/18/21

A. Reflections and Analysis.

2. Solve the following Puzzles/Riddles:

Cut #1 – Down the center of the cake (vertically) leaving two

John Cris B. Fornelos

The woman with a ring.

I’ll move the last coin going to middle.

A Human-Machine Interface (HMI) is defined as a feature or component of a certain device or

Design Thinking is a design methodology that provides a solution-based approach to solving

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