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SPLM Derivative of A Function
SPLM Derivative of A Function
FUNCTION
FUNCTIONS
The symbol f(x) (read as “f of x”) denotes
the particular value of y that corresponds to
the given value of x.
The variable x is called the independent
variable while the variable y is called the
dependent variable because y is usually
expressed in terms of x when their
relationship is given in the form of an
equation.
In our high school days
Functions can be express by:
• Arrow diagrams
• Tables
• Graphs
• Equations
𝟐
y=𝒙
Functions can be specified in a variety of ways.
Notations on Derivatives:
f ’(x)
Introduced by the French Mathematician
Joseph Louis Lagrange (1736-1813).
This notation emphasizes that the function f’ is
derived from the function f and its value at x is
f ’(x).
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
Used by the German Mathematician
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1642-1727).
Working Independently, introduced by Sir
Isaac Newton(1642-1727) almost
simultaneously the derivative.
Leibniz probably thought of dx and dy as small
changes in the variables x and y and of the
derivative of y with respect to x as the ratio of
dy to dx as dy and dx become small.
𝑑𝑦
is used as a notation for derivative.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
can be considered as an operator ( a symbol
𝑑𝑥
for the operation of computing the derivative)
𝑦 = 𝑥2 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
𝑑 2) 𝑑 2)
( 𝑦 = 𝑥 ( f(x) = 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
( 𝑦) = 𝑑𝑥( 𝑥 2 ) ( 𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑑𝑥( 𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑
= 𝑑𝑥( 𝑥 2 ) 𝑓′(𝑥)= 𝑑𝑥( 𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑
When we write ,it means (y), that is, the
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
derivative of y with respect to x.
Other Operators:
Dx ( )
d( )
Theorems on Differentiation
of Algebraic Functions
1. The Constant Rule
f(x) = c
f’(x) = 0
Dx(c) = 0
2. The Power Rule
If f(x) = 𝑥 𝑛 , where in is positive
f’(x) = n 𝑥 𝑛−1
Dx(𝑥 𝑛 ) = n 𝑥 𝑛−1
3. The Constant Multiple Rule
If g(x) = c ∙ f(x)
g’(x) = c ∙ f’(x)
Dx[c∙f(x)] = c ∙ Dx(f(x))
If f(x) = 𝑥 𝑛
Dx(𝑐𝑥 𝑛 ) = cn 𝑥 𝑛−1
4. The Sum and Difference Rule
If h(x) = f(x) + g(x)
h’(x) = f’(x) ± g’(x)
Dx[f(x) + g(x)] = Dx[f(x)] ± Dx[g(x)]
5. The Product Rule
If h(x) = f(x) ∙ g(x)
h’(x) = f(x) g’(x) + g(x) f’(x)
Dx[f(x) ∙ g(x)] = f(x)Dx[g(x)] + g(x) Dx[f(x)]
6. The Quotient Rule
𝑓 𝑥
If h(x) = 𝑔 𝑥
𝑔 𝑥 𝑓′ 𝑥 −𝑓 𝑥 𝑔′(𝑥)
h’(x) = 𝑔 𝑥 2
𝑓 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 𝐷𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 −𝑓 𝑥 𝐷𝑥[𝑔 𝑥 ]
Dx 𝑔 𝑥
= 𝑔 𝑥 2
7. The Power Rule (Negative Integer Power)
If f(x) = 𝑥 −𝑛 , where n is negative
f’(x) = -n 𝑥 −𝑛−1
Dx(𝑥 −𝑛 ) = -n 𝑥 −𝑛−1
8. The Power Rule (For Rational Powers)
If f(x) = 𝑥 𝑟 , where r is any rational number.
f’(x) = r 𝑥 𝑟−1
Dx(𝑥 𝑟 ) = r 𝑥 𝑟−1
Examples
Find the derivative of the following
1. f(x) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥
f’(x) = Dx(𝑥 3 ) – Dx(3𝑥) Theorem 4
f’(x) = 3𝑥 3−1 − 3𝑥1−1 Theorem 2 and 3
f’(x) = 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 0
f’(x) = 3𝑥 2 − 3
3
2. f(x) = 𝑥
𝑥 𝐷𝑥 3 −3 𝐷𝑥(𝑥)
f’(x) = Theorem 6
𝑥 2
𝑥 0 −3 (1)
f’(x) = Theorem 1
𝑥 2
−3
f’(x) =
𝑥2
3. y = 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 𝐷𝑥 2𝑥 2 + 𝐷𝑥(4𝑥) Theorem 4
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 2 (2𝑥 2−1 ) + 4 𝑥 1−1 Theorem 2 and 3
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 4𝑥 + 4
𝑑𝑥
4. y = 9 - 𝑥2
𝑑𝑦 2
= 𝐷𝑥 9 − 𝐷𝑥 𝑥 Theorem 4
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 0 − (2𝑥 2−1 ) Theorem 1 and 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= −2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
5. f(x) = 7𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 + 5 Theorem 4
f’(x) = Dx(7𝑥 2 ) – Dx(3𝑥 3 ) + Dx(8𝑥) + Dx(5) Theorem 1, 2 and 3
f’(x) = 7(2𝑥 2−1 ) – 3(3𝑥 3−1 ) + 8(𝑥 1−1 ) + Dx(5)
f’(x) = 14x – 9𝑥 2 + 8
= 3 −5𝑥 −5−1
= -15 𝑥 −6
−15
= 𝑥6
𝑑 5
9. 𝑑𝑥 6𝑥 5
6𝑥 5 𝐷𝑥 5 − 5 𝐷𝑥(6𝑥 5 )
= Theorem 6
6𝑥 5 2
6𝑥 5 0 − 5 (30𝑥 4 )
= 6 2 (𝑥 10 )
−150𝑥 4
= 36𝑥10
−25
= 6𝑥6
𝑑 5
-> 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 −5 Theorem 7 and 3
6
5
=6 −5𝑥 −5−1
−25
= 6
𝑥 −6
−25
= 6𝑥6
SEAT WORK #8
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CHAIN RULE
H(x) = 4𝑥 3 + 1 2
1. f(x) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 4
f’(x) = Dx 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 4
* Dx(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5)
f’(x) = 4 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 4−1
* Dx(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5)
f’(x) = 4 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 3
* ( Dx (x2) + Dx(4x) – Dx(5) )
f’(x) = 4 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 3
* ( (2x) + (4) – (0) )
f’(x) = 4 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 3
* (2x + 4)
f’(x) = 4(2x + 4) 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 3
1
𝑑𝑦
= 𝐷𝑥 2𝑥 + 1 2 ∗ 𝐷𝑥(2𝑥 + 1)
𝑑𝑥
1
𝑑𝑦 1 −1
= 2𝑥 + 1 2 ∗ 2(1)
𝑑𝑥 2
−1 −1
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦 1
= 2𝑥 + 1 2 = 2𝑥 + 1 2 = =
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2𝑥+1 1/2 𝑑𝑥 2𝑥+1
SEAT WORK #8
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ASSIGNMENT #6
Requirements on answering:
1. Write your solutions and answers on a long bond paper.
2. On the upper left of the bond paper, write your full name and
under it is your course.
Ex. JUAN DE LA CRUZ, JR.
BSEE
3. On the upper center, write the Topic – Evaluation Type (Seat
work/Assignment).
Ex. Algebra – Seat Work #1
4. On the upper right, write the date you have started the
exercises and affix your signature right next to it.
5. Bottom center, write the page number (applicable to two or
more pages only)
Methods on sending your answers:
1. Take a clear picture of your output per page.
(For clearer results, use “CamScanner” app available on Google Play/App Store)
2. If you have many pages, please organize on sending your
outputs.
(Page 2 should be sent after page 1)
3. Send (via PM) your outputs on the Facebook Page “Joey’s E-
Quiz”.
(https://www.facebook.com/joeyeqz/)
4. Leave a message “Course, Evaluation Type – Topic, Full name,
Time sent”
Ex. BSEE
Seat Work #1 – Algebra
Juan De la Cruz, Jr.
7:59 pm
IMPORTANT REMINDERS: