DERIVATIVE OF A

FUNCTION
FUNCTIONS
 The symbol f(x) (read as “f of x”) denotes
the particular value of y that corresponds to
the given value of x.
The variable x is called the independent
variable while the variable y is called the
dependent variable because y is usually
expressed in terms of x when their
relationship is given in the form of an
equation.
 In our high school days
Functions can be express by:
• Arrow diagrams

• Tables
• Graphs

• Equations
𝟐
y=𝒙
Functions can be specified in a variety of ways.

Functions that are given by equations involving

the dependent and independent variables. For
instance, the equation

Equation in implicit form defines the dependent

variable, as a function of the independent
variable.
To evaluate this function (that is, to find the -value
that corresponds to a given -value), it is
convenient to isolate on the left side of the
equation.

Equation in explicit form Using as the name of the

function, you can write this equation as Function
notation
Introduction
Today, Calculus is defined as the branch of
mathematics which deals with the continuous
changing quantities.

The Derivative and Differential

Differential simply means change, and
Derivative is the rate of change of one variable
with respect to the other.
Different derivatives Symbols

Notations on Derivatives:
f ’(x)
Introduced by the French Mathematician
Joseph Louis Lagrange (1736-1813).
This notation emphasizes that the function f’ is
derived from the function f and its value at x is
f ’(x).
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
Used by the German Mathematician
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1642-1727).
Working Independently, introduced by Sir
Isaac Newton(1642-1727) almost
simultaneously the derivative.
Leibniz probably thought of dx and dy as small
changes in the variables x and y and of the
derivative of y with respect to x as the ratio of
dy to dx as dy and dx become small.

𝑑𝑦
is used as a notation for derivative.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
can be considered as an operator ( a symbol
𝑑𝑥
for the operation of computing the derivative)

𝑦 = 𝑥2 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
𝑑 2) 𝑑 2)
( 𝑦 = 𝑥 ( f(x) = 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
( 𝑦) = 𝑑𝑥( 𝑥 2 ) ( 𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑑𝑥( 𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑
= 𝑑𝑥( 𝑥 2 ) 𝑓′(𝑥)= 𝑑𝑥( 𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑥
 𝑑𝑦 𝑑
When we write ,it means (y), that is, the
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
derivative of y with respect to x.

Other Operators:
Dx ( )
d( )
Theorems on Differentiation
of Algebraic Functions
1. The Constant Rule
f(x) = c
f’(x) = 0
Dx(c) = 0
2. The Power Rule
If f(x) = 𝑥 𝑛 , where in is positive
f’(x) = n 𝑥 𝑛−1
Dx(𝑥 𝑛 ) = n 𝑥 𝑛−1
3. The Constant Multiple Rule
If g(x) = c ∙ f(x)
g’(x) = c ∙ f’(x)
Dx[c∙f(x)] = c ∙ Dx(f(x))
If f(x) = 𝑥 𝑛
Dx(𝑐𝑥 𝑛 ) = cn 𝑥 𝑛−1
4. The Sum and Difference Rule
If h(x) = f(x) + g(x)
h’(x) = f’(x) ± g’(x)
Dx[f(x) + g(x)] = Dx[f(x)] ± Dx[g(x)]
5. The Product Rule
If h(x) = f(x) ∙ g(x)
h’(x) = f(x) g’(x) + g(x) f’(x)
Dx[f(x) ∙ g(x)] = f(x)Dx[g(x)] + g(x) Dx[f(x)]
6. The Quotient Rule
𝑓 𝑥
If h(x) = 𝑔 𝑥
𝑔 𝑥 𝑓′ 𝑥 −𝑓 𝑥 𝑔′(𝑥)
h’(x) = 𝑔 𝑥 2
𝑓 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 𝐷𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 −𝑓 𝑥 𝐷𝑥[𝑔 𝑥 ]
Dx 𝑔 𝑥
= 𝑔 𝑥 2
7. The Power Rule (Negative Integer Power)
If f(x) = 𝑥 −𝑛 , where n is negative

f’(x) = -n 𝑥 −𝑛−1
Dx(𝑥 −𝑛 ) = -n 𝑥 −𝑛−1
8. The Power Rule (For Rational Powers)
If f(x) = 𝑥 𝑟 , where r is any rational number.

f’(x) = r 𝑥 𝑟−1
Dx(𝑥 𝑟 ) = r 𝑥 𝑟−1
Examples
Find the derivative of the following
1. f(x) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥
f’(x) = Dx(𝑥 3 ) – Dx(3𝑥) Theorem 4
f’(x) = 3𝑥 3−1 − 3𝑥1−1 Theorem 2 and 3
f’(x) = 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 0
f’(x) = 3𝑥 2 − 3
3
2. f(x) = 𝑥
𝑥 𝐷𝑥 3 −3 𝐷𝑥(𝑥)
f’(x) = Theorem 6
𝑥 2
𝑥 0 −3 (1)
f’(x) = Theorem 1
𝑥 2
−3
f’(x) =
𝑥2
3. y = 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 𝐷𝑥 2𝑥 2 + 𝐷𝑥(4𝑥) Theorem 4
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 2 (2𝑥 2−1 ) + 4 𝑥 1−1 Theorem 2 and 3
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 4𝑥 + 4
𝑑𝑥
4. y = 9 - 𝑥2
𝑑𝑦 2
= 𝐷𝑥 9 − 𝐷𝑥 𝑥 Theorem 4
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 0 − (2𝑥 2−1 ) Theorem 1 and 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= −2𝑥
𝑑𝑥

5. f(x) = 7𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 + 5 Theorem 4
f’(x) = Dx(7𝑥 2 ) – Dx(3𝑥 3 ) + Dx(8𝑥) + Dx(5) Theorem 1, 2 and 3
f’(x) = 7(2𝑥 2−1 ) – 3(3𝑥 3−1 ) + 8(𝑥 1−1 ) + Dx(5)
f’(x) = 14x – 9𝑥 2 + 8

6. H(x) = (2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 )(3𝑥 5 + 𝑥 2 )

H’(x) = (2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 ) Dx(3𝑥 5 + 𝑥 2 ) + (3𝑥 5 + 𝑥 2 ) Dx(2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 ) Theorem 5
H’(x) = (2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 ) (15x4 + 2x) + (3𝑥 5 + 𝑥 2 ) (6x2 – 8x)
H’(x) = 48x7 – 84x6 + 10x4 – 16x3
 2𝑥 3 +4
7. Dx 𝑥 2 +1
𝑥 2 +1 𝐷𝑥 2𝑥 3 +4 − 2𝑥 3 +4 𝐷𝑥(𝑥 2 +1)
= Theorem 6
𝑥 2 +1 2
𝑥 2 +1 6𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 3 +4 (2𝑥)
=
𝑥 2 +1 2
𝑥 2 +1 6𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 3 +4 (2𝑥)
= 𝑥 2 +1 2
2𝑥 4 +6𝑥 2 −8𝑥
= 𝑥2 +1 2
𝑑 3
8. 𝑑𝑥 𝑥5
𝑑
-> 3𝑥 −5 Theorem 7
𝑑𝑥

= 3 −5𝑥 −5−1
= -15 𝑥 −6
−15
= 𝑥6
 𝑑 5
9. 𝑑𝑥 6𝑥 5
6𝑥 5 𝐷𝑥 5 − 5 𝐷𝑥(6𝑥 5 )
= Theorem 6
6𝑥 5 2
6𝑥 5 0 − 5 (30𝑥 4 )
= 6 2 (𝑥 10 )
−150𝑥 4
= 36𝑥10
−25
= 6𝑥6

𝑑 5
-> 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 −5 Theorem 7 and 3
6
5
=6 −5𝑥 −5−1
−25
= 6
𝑥 −6
−25
= 6𝑥6
 SEAT WORK #8
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CHAIN RULE
H(x) = 4𝑥 3 + 1 2

Recalling Composite function

H(x) = f(g(x)) bec:
= f(4𝑥 3 + 1) f’(x) = 2x
= 4𝑥 3 + 1 2
g’(x) = 12𝑥 3

H’(x) = f’(g(x)) * g’(x)

The Chain Rule

If the function g is differentiable at x and

the function f is differentiable at g(x), then
the composite function f ° g is differentiable
at x, and

(f ° g)’(x) = f’(g(x)) * g’(x)

Example
Find the derivative of the following

1. f(x) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 4

f’(x) = Dx 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5
f’(x) = 4 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 4−1
f’(x) = 4 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 3
f’(x) = 4 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 3
f’(x) = 4 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 3
f’(x) = 4(2x + 4) 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5
4
* Dx(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5)
* Dx(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5)
* ( Dx (x2) + Dx(4x) – Dx(5) )
* ( (2x) + (4) – (0) )
* (2x + 4)
3

f’(x) = (8x + 16) 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 3

 𝑥−7 2
2. f(x) = 𝑥+2
𝑥−7 2 𝑥−7
f’(x) =𝐷𝑥 𝑥+2 * 𝐷𝑥 𝑥+2
𝑥−7 2−1 𝑥+2 𝐷𝑥 𝑥−7 − 𝑥−7 𝐷𝑥(𝑥+2)
f’(x) =2 *
𝑥+2 𝑥+2 2
𝑥−7 ∗ 𝑥+2 (1)− 𝑥−7 (1)
f’(x) =2 𝑥+2 𝑥+2 2
𝑥−7 ∗ 𝑥+2−𝑥+7
f’(x) =2 𝑥+2 𝑥+2 2
𝑥−7 ∗ 9
f’(x) =2 𝑥+2 𝑥+2 2
𝑥−7 18
f’(x) = 𝑥+2 ∗ 𝑥+2 2
18 (𝑥−7)
f’(x) = 𝑥+2 3
 2 3 2 3
3. f(x) = 2𝑥 + 1 + 5𝑥
3
f’(x) = Dx 2𝑥 2 + 1 3
+ 5𝑥 2 ∗ [𝐷𝑥 2𝑥 2 + 1 3
+ 𝐷𝑥(5𝑥 2 )]
2 3 2 3
f’(x) = Dx 2𝑥 + 1 + 5𝑥 ∗ [𝐷𝑥 2𝑥 2 + 1 3
∗ 𝐷𝑥(2𝑥 2 + 1) + 𝐷𝑥(5𝑥 2 )]
3−1
f’(x) = 3 2𝑥 2 + 1 3
+ 5𝑥 2 ∗ [3 2𝑥 2 + 1 3−1
∗ (4𝑥) + (10𝑥)]
2 3 2 2
f’(x) = 3 2𝑥 + 1 + 5𝑥 ∗ [3 2𝑥 2 + 1 2
∗ (4𝑥) + (10𝑥)]
2
f’(x) = 3 2𝑥 2 + 1 3
+ 5𝑥 2 ∗ [12𝑥 2𝑥 2 + 1 2
+ 10𝑥]
2 2 2 3 2 2
f’(x) = 3[12𝑥 2𝑥 + 1 + 10𝑥] 2𝑥 + 1 + 5𝑥
2
f’(x) = [36𝑥 2𝑥 2 + 1 2
+ 30𝑥] 2𝑥 2 + 1 3
+ 5𝑥 2
1
4. Y = 2𝑥 + 1 -> y = 2𝑥 + 1 2

1
𝑑𝑦
= 𝐷𝑥 2𝑥 + 1 2 ∗ 𝐷𝑥(2𝑥 + 1)
𝑑𝑥
1
𝑑𝑦 1 −1
= 2𝑥 + 1 2 ∗ 2(1)
𝑑𝑥 2
−1 −1
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦 1
= 2𝑥 + 1 2 = 2𝑥 + 1 2 = =
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2𝑥+1 1/2 𝑑𝑥 2𝑥+1
 SEAT WORK #8

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ASSIGNMENT #6
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2. On the upper left of the bond paper, write your full name and
under it is your course.
Ex. JUAN DE LA CRUZ, JR.
BSEE
3. On the upper center, write the Topic – Evaluation Type (Seat
work/Assignment).
Ex. Algebra – Seat Work #1
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exercises and affix your signature right next to it.
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Ex. BSEE
Seat Work #1 – Algebra
Juan De la Cruz, Jr.
7:59 pm
IMPORTANT REMINDERS:

Topic: Derivative of a Function

Seat Work: July 9, 2020 (9am – 11:59 pm)

(Thursday)
Assignment: July 10, 2020 (9am – 11:59 pm)
(Friday)