Anatomy MOINA/OINA

Head and Neck

Openings in the Base of the Skull and the Structures that Pass
Through Them
Openings in the Skull
Perforations in the Cribriform
Optic Canal
Superior Orbital Fissures
Foramen Rotundum
Foramen Ovale
Foramen Spinosum
Foramen Lacerum
Foramen Magnum
Hypoglossal Canal
Jugular Foramen
Internal Acoustic Meatus
Bone of the Skull
Anterior Cranial Fossa
Ethmoid
Middle Cranial Fossa
Lesser Wing of the Sphenoid
Between lesser and greater wing of
Sphenoids
Greater wing of the Sphenoid
Greater wing of the sphenoid
Greater wing of the Sphenoid
Between petrous part of the temporal and
Sphenoid
Posterior Canal Fossa
Occipital
Occipital
Between petrous part of temporal and
condylar part of occipital
Petrous part of temporal
Structures Transmitted
Olfactory nerves
Optic nerve, Ophthalmic artery
Lacrimal, Frontal, trochlear, Oculomotor,
nasociliary and abducent nerves; superior
ophthalmic vein
Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
Mandibular divisions of the trigeminal nerve
Middle meningeal artery
Internal carotid artery
Medulla Oblongata, Spinal part of accessory
nerve, and right and left vertebral arteries
Hypoglossal nerve
Glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory
nerves; sigmoid sinus becomes internal
jugular veins
Vestibulocochlear and facial nerves

Muscles of the Eyeball and Eyelids

Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Action
Extrinsic Muscle of Eyeball (Striated Skeletal Muscle)
Superior Rectus Tendinous ring on Superior surface CNIII Raises cornea
posterior wall of of eyeball just upward and
orbital cavity posterior to Oculomotor nerve medially
corneoscleral
junction
Inferior Rectus Tendinous ring on Inferior surface of CNIII Depresses cornea
posterior wall of eyeball just downward and
orbital cavity posterior to Oculomotor nerve medially
corneoscleral
junction
Medial Rectus Tendinous ring on Medial surface of CNIII Rotates eyeball so
posterior wall of eyeball just that cornea looks
orbital cavity posterior to Oculomotor nerve medially
corneoscleral
junction

Lateral Rectus Tendinous ring on Lateral surface of CNVI Rotates eyeball so

posterior wall of eyeball just that cornea looks
orbital cavity posterior to Abducens nerve laterally
Anatomy MOINA/OINA

corneoscleral
junction
Superior oblique Posterior wall of Passes through CNIV Rotates eyeball so
orbital cavity pulley and is that cornea looks
attached to Trochlear nerve downward and
superior surface laterally
of eyeball
beneath superior
rectus
Inferior Oblique Floor of orbital Lateral surface of CNIII Rotates eyeball so
cavity eyeball deep to that cornea looks
lateral rectus Oculomotor nerve upward and
laterally
Intrinsic Muscles of Eyeball (Smooth Muscle)
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Action
Sphincter Pupillae Parasympathetic Constricts pupil
of Iris via CNIII
Dilatory Pupillae Sympathetic Dilates pupil
of Iris
Ciliary Muscle Parasympathetic Controls shape of
via CNIII lens; in
accommodation,
makes lens more
globular
Muscle of Eyelids
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Action
Orbicularis Oculi
- Palpebral Medial palpebral Lateral palpebral Facial Nerve Closes eyelids and
part ligament raphe dilates lacrimal
sac
- Orbital Medial palpebral Loops return to Facial nerve Throws skin
part ligament and origin around orbit into
adjoining bones folds to protect
eyeball
Levator palpebrae Back of orbital Anterior surface striated muscle Raises upper
superioris cavity and upper margin oculomotor eyelid
of superior tarsal nerve, smooth
plate muscle
sympathetic

Muscles of the Head

Anatomy MOINA/OINA

Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Action

Muscle of the Scalp
Occipitofrontalis
- Occipital Highest nuchal Epicranial Facial nerve Moves scalp on
belly line of occipital aponeurosis skull and raises
bone eyebrows
- Frontal Skin and
belly superficial facia of
eyebrows
Muscle of the Facial Expression
Orbicularis Oculi
- Palpebral Medial palpebral Lateral palpebral Facial nerve Closes eyelids and
part ligament ligament dilates lacrimal
sac
- Orbital Medial palpebral Loops return to Facial nerve Throws skin
part ligament and origin around orbit into
adjoining bone folds to protect
eyeball
Corrugator Superciliary arch Skin of eyebrow Facial nerve Vertical wrinkles
supercilii of forehead, as in
frowning
Compressor Nasi Frontal process of Aponeurosis of Facial nerve Compresses
maxilla bridge of nose mobile nasal
cartilages
Dilator Naris Maxilla Ala of nose Facial nerve Widens nasal
aperture
procerus Nasal bone Skin between Facial nerve Wrinkles skin of
eyebrows nose
Orbicularis oris Maxilla, mandible Encircles oral Facial nerve Compresses lips
and skin orifice together
Dilator Muscles of Lips
Levator Labii
Superioris
Alaeque nasi
Levator Labii
superioris
Zygomaticus
Minor
Arise from bones and fascia around
Zygomaticus
oral aperture and insert into substance Facial Nerve Separate Lips
Major
of lips
Levator Anguli
Oris
Risorius
Depressor anguli
Depressor Labii
Inferioris
Mentalis
Anatomy MOINA/OINA

Buccinator Outer surface of alveolar margins of Facial nerve Compresses

maxilla, mandible and cheeks and lips
ptergomandibular ligament against teeth
Platysma Deep fascia over Body of mandible Facial nerve Depresses
pectoralis major and angle of cervical branch mandible and
and deltoid mouth angle of mouth
Muscle of Mastication
Masseter Zygomatic arch Lateral surface Mandibular Elevates mandible
ramus of division of to occlude teeth
mandible trigeminal nerve
temporal Floor of temporal Coronoid process Mandibular Anterior and
fossa of mandible division of superior fibers
trigeminal nerve elevate mandible;
posterior fibers
retract mandible
Lateral pterygoid Greater wing of Neck of mandible Mandibular Pulls neck of
(two heads) sphenoid and and articular sac division of mandible forward
lateral pterygoid trigeminal nerve
plate
Medial pterygoid Tuberosity of Medial surface of Mandibular Elevates mandible
(two heads) maxilla and lateral angle of mandible division of
pterygoid plate trigeminal nerve

Muscle of the Neck

Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Action

Platysma Deep fascia over Body of mandible Facial nerve Depresses
pectoralis major and angle of cervical branch mandible and
and deltoid mouth angle of mouth
SCM Manubrium Mastoid process Spinal part of Two muscles
sterni and medial of temporal bone accessory nerve acting together
sternocleidomastoi third of the and occipital and C2 and C3 extend head and
d clavicle bone flex neck; one
muscle rotates
head to opposite
side
Digastric
- Posterior Mastoid process Intermediate Facial nerve Depresses
Belly of temporal bone tendon is held to mandible or
hyoid by fascial elevates hyoid
sling bone

- Anterior Body of mandible Nerve to

belly mylohyoid
stylohyoid Stylohyoid Body of hyoid Facial nerve Elevates hyoid
Anatomy MOINA/OINA

process bone bone

Mylohyoid Mylohyoid line of Body of hyoid Inferior alveolar Elevates floor of
body of mandible bone and fibrous nerve mouth and hyoid
raphe bone or
depresses
mandible
geniohyoid Inferior mental Body of hyoid First cervical Elevates hyoid
spine of mandible bone nerve bone or
depresses
mandible
Sternohyoid Manubrium Body of hyoid Ansa cervicalis; Depresses hyoid
sterni and clavicle bone C1, 2 & 3 bone
Sternothyroid Manubrium Oblique line on Ansa cervicalis; Depresses larynx
sterni lamina of thyroid C1, 2 & 3
cartilage
Thyrohyoid Oblique line on Lower border of First cervical Depresses hyoid
lamina of thyroid body of hyoid nerve bone or elevates
cartilage bone larynx
Omohyoid
- inferior Upper margin of Intermediate Ansa cervicalis; Depresses hyoid
belly scapula and tendon is held to C1, 2 & 3 bone
suprascapular clavicle and first
ligament rib by fascial sling
- superior Lower border of
belly body of hyoid
bone
Scalenius Anterior Transverse First rib C4, 5 & 6 Elevates first rib;
processes of 3rd, laterally flexes
4th, 5th and 6th and rotates
cervical vertebrae cervical part of
vertebral column
Scalenius Medius Transverse First rib Anterior rami of Elevates first rib;
processes of cervical nerves laterally flexes
upper six cervical and rotates
vertebrae cervical part of
vertebral column
Scalenius Posterior Transverse Second rib Anterior rami of Elevates rib;
process of lower cervical nerves laterally flexes
cervical vertebrae and rotates
cervical part of
vertebral column

Cranial Nerves
Anatomy MOINA/OINA

CN # Nerve Components Function Opening in skull

CN I OLFACTORY Sensory Smell Openings in
cribriform plate of
ethmoid
CN II SENSORY Sensory Vision Optic canal
CN III OCULOMOTOR Motor Lifts upper eyelid, turns Superior orbital
eyeball upward, fissure
downward, and
medially’ constricts
pupil, accommodate
eye
CN IV TROCHLEAR Motor Assists in turning Superior orbital
eyeball downward and fissure
laterally
CN V TRIGEMINAL
- OPTHALMIC Sensory Cornea, skin of Superior orbital
DIVISION forehead, scalp, eyelids fissure
and nose; also mucous
membrane of paranasal
sinuses and nasal cavity
- MAXILLARY Sensory Skin of face over maxilla Foramen
DIVISION and the upper lip; teeth rotundum
of upper jaw; mucous
membrane of nose, the
maxillary air sinus, and
plate
- MANDIBULA Motor Muscles of mastication,
R DIVISION mylohyoid, anterior
belly of digastrics,
tensor veli palatini and
tensor tympani
Sensory Skin of cheek, skin over
mandible, lower lip and
Foramen ovale
side of head; teeth of
lower jaw and
temporomandibular
joint; mucous
membrane of mouth
and anterior two third
of tounge
CN VI ABDUCENT Motor Lateral rectus muscle: Superior orbital
turns eyeball laterally fissure

CN VII FACIAL Motor Muscle of face, cheek Internal acoustic

and scalp; stapedius meatus, facial
muscle of middle ear; canal stylomastoid
Anatomy MOINA/OINA

stylohyoid; and
posterior belly of
digastrics
sensory Taste from anterior two
thirds of tongue, floor
of mouth and palate foramen
Secretomotor Submandibular and
parasympathetic sublingual salivary
glands, lacrimal gland
and glands of nose and
palate
CN VIII VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR
- VESTIBULAR Sensory Position and
Internal acoustic
movements of head
meatus
- COCHLEAR Sensory hearing
CN IX GLOSSOPHARANGEAL Motor Stylopharyngeus
muscle; assists
swallowing
Secretomotor Parotid salivary gland
parasympathetic
Jugular foramen
Sensory General sensation and
taste from posterior
third of tongue and
pharynx; carotid sinus
and carotid body
CN X VAGUS Motor Constrictor muscles of Jugular foramen
pharynx and intrinsic
muscles of larynx
Involuntary muscle of
trachea and bronchi,
heart, alimentary tract
from pharynx to splenix
flexure of colon, liver
and pancreas
Sensory Taste from epiglottis
and vallecula and
afferent fibers from
structures named above
CN XI ACCESSORY
- CRANIAL Motor Muscle of soft palate,
ROOT pharynx and larynx
Jugular foramen
- SPINAL ROOT Motor Sternocleidomastoid
and trapezius muscle
CN XII HYPOGLOSSAL Motor Muscles of tongue Hypoglossal canal
controlling its shape
and movement (except
palatoglossus)
Anatomy MOINA/OINA

Upper Extremity
Muscles Connecting the Upper Limb to the Thoracic Wall/ Muscles of
the Pectoral Region (except Serratus Anterior)

Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Action

Pectoralis Major Clavicle, sternum Lateral lip of the Medial and Adducts arm and
and upper six bicipital groove of lateral pectoral rotates it
costal cartilages humerus nerves form medially;
brachial plexus clavicular fibers
also flex arm
Pectoralis minor 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs Coracoid process of Medial pectoral Depresses point
scapula nerve from of shoulder; if
brachial plexus the scapula is
fixed, it elevates
the ribs of origin
Subclavius First costal clavicle Nerve to Depresses the
cartilage subclavius from clavicle and
upper trunk of steadies this
brachial plexus bone during
movements of
the shoulder
girdle
Serratus anterior Upper eight ribs Medial border and Long thoracic Draws the
inferior angle of nerve scapula forward
the scapula around the
thoracic wall;
rotates the
scapula

Muscles Connecting the Upper Limb to the Vertebral Column/

Superficial (Appendicular) Group of Back Muscles

Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Action

Trapezius Occipital bone, Upper fibers into Spinal part of Upper fibers
Anatomy MOINA/OINA

ligamentum lateral third of accessory nerve elevate the

nuchae, spine of clavicle; middle and (motor) and C3 scapula; ,idle
7th cervical lower fibers into and C4 (sensory) fibers pull the
vertebra, spines of acromion and spine scapula medially;
all thoracic of the scapula lower fibers pull
vertebra medial border of
the scapula
downward
Latissimus Dorsi Iliac crest, lumbar Floor of bicipital Thoracodorsal Extends, adducts
fascia, spines of groove of humerus nerve and medially
lower sic thoracic rotates the arm
vertebrae, lower
three or fours ribs
and inferior angle
of the scapula
Levator Sapulae Transverse Medial border of C3 and C4 and Raises medial
processes of first the scapula dorsal scapula border of the
four cervical nerve scapula
vertebrae
Rhomboid Minor Ligamentum Medial border of Dorsal scapular Raises medial
nuchae and spines the scapula nerve border of
of 7th cervical scapula upward
vertebra and 1st and medially
thoracic vertebra
Rhomboid major 2nd to 5th thoracic Medial border of Dorsal scapular Raises medial
spines scapula nerve border of
scapula upward
medially

Muscle Connecting the Scapula to the Humerus

Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Action
Deltoid Lateral third of Middle of lateral Axillary nerve Abducts arm;
clavicle, acromion, surface of shaft of anterior fibers
spine of scapula humerus flex and medially
rotate arm;
posterior fibers
extend and
laterally rotate
arm
Supraspinatus Supraspinous Greater tuberosity Suprascapular Abducts arm and
fossa of scapula of humerus; nerve stabilizes
capsule of shoulder shoulder joint
joint
Infraspinatus Infraspinous fossa Greater tuberosity Suprascapular Abducts arm and
of humerus; nerve stabilizes
capsule of shoulder shoulder joint
Anatomy MOINA/OINA

joint
Teres Major Lower third of Medial lip of Lower Medially rotates
lateral border of bicipital groove of subscapular and adducts arm
Scapula humerus nerve and stabilizes
shoulder joint
Teres Minor Upper thirds of Greater tuberosity Axillary nerve Laterally rotates
lateral border of of the humerus; arm stabilizes
the scapula capsule of shoulder shoulder joint
joint
Subscapularis Subscapular fossa Lesser tuberosity of Upper and lower Medially rotates
humerus subscapular arm and
nerve stabilizes
shoulder joint

Muscles of the Arm

Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Actiion

Anterior Compartment
Biceps Brachii
- Long head Supraglenoid Supinator of
Tuberosity of
tubercle of forearm and
radius and bicipital
Scapula Musculocutaneous flexor of elbow
aponeurosis into
- Short head Coracoid process nerve joint; weak
deep fascia of
of scapula flexor or
forearm
shoulder joint
Coracobrachialis Coracoid process Medial aspect of Musculocutaneous Flexes arm and
of scapula shaft of humerus nerve also weak
adductor
Brachialis Front of lower Coronoid process Musculocutaneous Flexor of elbow
half of humerus of ulna nerve joint
Posterior Compartment
Triceps
- Long Head Infraglenoid
tubercleof scapula
- Short Upper half of
Head posterior surface
of shaft of Olecranon process Extensor of
Radial nerve
humerus of ulna Elbow joint
- Medial Lower half of
Head posterior surface
of shaft of
humerus
Anatomy MOINA/OINA