INTRODUCTION:- TUBULAR STEEL TRUSS:-

In Architecture and Structural Engineering, a truss is a structure comprising Tubular Steel Truss are used for large span constructions such as
one or more triangular units constructed with straight slender members whose factories, industry worksheds, shopping malls, huge exhibition
ends are connected at joints referred to as nodes. centre, multiplexes etc. They are generally used for spans as large
as 25-30m.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ADVANTAGES OF ROOF
STEEL ROOF TRUSSES:- TRUSSES:-
• King Post Truss • Are Cost effective.
• Queen Post Truss Can be installed quickly even without
• Howe Truss heavy equipment to lift it into place.
• Pratt Truss •Unique properties of a triangular object
• Fan Truss allow trusses to span across longer
• North Light Roof Truss distances.
• Quadrangular Roof Truss •A triangular truss maintains its shape,
preventing shift and sag. Thus giving
stability to the structure. ADVANTAGES OF TUBULAR STEEL
•The shape of a triangle allows all of the ROOF TRUSSES:-
weight applied to the sides to be
•30% to 40% less surface area than that of an equivalent rolled
redistributed down and away from the
steel shape. Therefore, the cost of maintenance, cost of painting
center. or protective coatings reduce considerably.
DISADVANTAGES OF ROOF •The moisture and dirt do not collect on the smooth external
TRUSSES:- surface of the tubes. Therefore, the possibility of corrosion also
•Truss uplift only occurs in cold climates reduces.
because of the heat differential between •The ends of tubes are sealed. As a result of this, the interior
the bottom of the truss buried in surface is not subjected to corrosion. The interior surface do not
insulation and the top exposed to the cold need any protective treatment.
attic air. •They have more torsional resistance than other section of the
•High heat conductivity of metals requires equal weight.
careful incorporation of insulation into the
roof structur e.
• Rusting..
  OFFICE BUILDING AND LOGISTIC CENTER
Precast concrete is a construction product The project is located in a strategic
produced by casting concrete in a reusable mold industrial area, well connected with the
which is then cured in a controlled environment, main highway which bring traffic from the
transported to the construction site and lifted into north to the south part of Italy.
place. Regarding the materials, due to the fact
Advantages: that the structure and the main envelope
• Very rapid speed of erection was made of precast concrete.
• Good quality control All the other side of the building will be
• Entire building can be precast-walls, floors, beams ,etc. made by a precast concrete panel with a
• Rapid construction on site vertical texture.
• High quality because of the controlled conditions in the factory
• Prestressing is easily done which can reduce the size and number of the The top floor of this office block in
structural members Italy by architects Modostudio is
screened by faceted concrete panels
Disadvantages: that resemble Inca stonework.
• Very heavy members
• Camber in beams and slabs
• Very small margin for error
• Connections may be difficult
• Somewhat limited building design flexibility
• Can not be used for two-way structural systems. The ground floor has a glazed curtain
• Need for repetition of forms will affect building design. wall, in contrast to the heavy precast
• Joints between panels are often expensive and complicated.
• Skilled workmanship is required in the application of the panel on site. cladding on the upper floor .
USES:
• Used as fireplace mantels, cladding, trim products, accessories, and
curtain walls. Structural applications of precast concrete include
foundations, beams, floors, walls, and other structural components.
Glass partitions across the interior of
• Multi- storey car parking are commonly constructed using precast the building allow natural light to filter
concrete. through every office
• Floating docks, underwater infrastructure, decking, railings and a host of
amenities are among the uses of precast along the waterfront.
• Used in building,
single-family including schools, office buildings, apartment
homes
buildings, townhouses, condominiums, hotels, motels, dormitories, and
 NORTHLIGHT ROOF TRUSS
INTRODUCTION:
NORTH LIGHT TRUSSES ARE TRADITIONALLY USED FOR SHORT SPANS IN INDUSTRIAL WORKSHOP-TYPE BUILDINGS. THEY
ALLOW MAXIMUM BENEFIT TO BE GAINED FROM NATURAL LIGHTING BY THE USE OF GLAZING ON THE STEEPER
PITCH WHICH GENERALLY FACES NORTH OR NORTH-EAST TO REDUCE THE SOLAR GAIN.

USES –
*IT IS USED IN WAREHOUSE, INDUSTRIES, FACTORIES, ETC.
*NORTH LIGHT TRUSSES ARE TRADITIONALLY USED FOR SHORT SPANS IN INDUSTRIAL WORKSHOP-TYPE BUILDINGS.
*THEY ALLOW MAXIMUM BENEFIT TO BE GAINED FROM NATURAL LIGHTING BY THE USE OF GLAZING ON THE STEEPER
PITCH WHICH GENERALLY FACES NORTH OR NORTH-EAST TO REDUCE THE SOLAR GAIN.

CRITERIA:-
*WHEN THE FLOOR SPAN EXCEEDS 15M, IT IS GENERALLY MORE ECONOMICAL TO CHANGE
FROM A SIMPLE TRUSS ARRANGEMENT TO ONE EMPLOYING WIDE SPAN LATTICE GIRDERS
WHICH SUPPORT TRUSSES AT RIGHT ANGLES.
*THIS ROOF CONSISTS OF A SERIES OF TRUSSES FIXED TO GIRDERS. THE SHORT VERTICAL SIDE OF
THE TRUSS IS GLAZED SO THAT WHEN THE ROOF IS USED IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE, THE
GLAZED PORTION FACES NORTH FOR THE BEST LIGHT.
*IT CAN BE USED FOR SPANS FROM 20-30M.
*USED FOR INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS, DRAWING ROOMS ETC.