BDwbU

LjRx esk (1290-1320 wLªóvã)

10
f‚wgKv
1290 wLª÷v‡ã w`j−xi cÖv_wgK ZzK©x mvjZvbv‡Zi Aemvb N‡U| Gici ïi“ nq LjRx es‡ki
kvmb| LjRxMY fvi‡Z Avmvi Av‡M `xN©w`b AvdMvwb¯—v‡b emevm K‡i| GRb¨ †Kvb †Kvb
HwZnvwmK Zv‡`i‡K cvVvb e‡j‡Qb| cÖK…Zc‡¶ Zviv wQ‡jb ZzK©x| RvjvjDÏxb wd‡ivR LjRx
wQ‡jb GB es‡ki cÖ_g myjZvb| wZwb wQ‡jb `ye©j cÖK…wZi kvmK| Zvu‡K nZ¨v K‡i Zvui
åvZz®úyÎ I RvgvZv AvjvDÏxb LjRx myjZvb nb| wZwb wQ‡jb LyeB †gavex I kw³kvjx kvmK|
LjRx es‡ki mKj †MŠie e¯‘Z: AvjvDÏx‡biB cÖvc¨| ivR¨ we¯—vi, mvgªv‡R¨ mykvmb cÖeZ©b,
g~j¨ wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v, ¯’vcZ¨ wk‡íi weKvk BZ¨vw` mKj †¶‡ÎB AvjvDÏxb Zvui †kªô‡Z¡i ¯^v¶i
iv‡Lb| LjRx esk †gvU wÎk eQi kvmb ¶gZvq AwawôZ wQj| Zvi g‡a¨ wek eQiB kvmb
K‡ib AvjvDÏxb LjRx (1296-1316)| AvjvDÏxb LjRxi g„Zz¨i ci Zuvi DËivwaKvixMY Zvui
†i‡L hvIqv wekvj mvgªvR¨ wKsev kvmbe¨e¯’v †KvbUvB a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡ibwb| d‡j AvgxiMY
Avevi kw³kvjx n‡q D‡Vb| LjRx es‡ki ci ZzNjK esk kvmb ¶gZvq AwawôZ nq|

RvjvjDÏxb LjRx (1290-1296 wLª:)

cvV 1
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ RvjvjDÏxb LjRxi ivRZ¡Kv‡ji ¸i“Z¡c~Y© NUbv¸‡jvi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ RvjvjDÏx‡bi wbnZ nIqvi NUbv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ RvjvjDÏx‡bi PvwiwÎK ˆewkó¨ we‡k−lY Ki‡Z Ki‡eb|

LjRx‡`i ¶gZv‡ivnY
eje‡bi ci Zvui †cŠÎ Kvq‡Kvev` w`j−xi myjZvb nb| †hŠebKvj ch©š— Zvu‡K AZ¨š— K‡Vvi
wbqg-k„•Ljvi g‡a¨ jvjb-cvjb Kiv n‡qwQj| myjZvb nIqvi ci wZwb AZ¨š— D”Q„•Lj n‡q
D‡Vb| gvÎ `yÕeQ‡ii g‡a¨ wZwb c¶vNvZ †iv‡M Avµvš— nb| AvgxiMY ZLb Zvu‡K wmsnvmbPz¨Z
K‡ib| Zvui ¯’‡j Zvui cyÎ Kvqgyim‡K myjZvb Kiv nq| Kvqgyi‡mi eqm ZLb gvÎ wZb eQi|
GB mgq LjRx gvwjKMY ¶gZvi †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z P‡j Av‡mb| LjRxMY ZzwK©¯—v‡bi †jvK| ZzwK©¯—
vb †_‡K G‡m Zviv `xN©w`b AvdMvwb¯—v‡b emevm K‡i| †mLvb †_‡K Av‡m fvi‡Z| AvdMvwb¯—
vb †_‡K Avmvi Kvi‡Y wRqvDÏxb eviYx cÖgyL HwZnvwmK Zv‡`i‡K AvdMvb e‡j‡Qb| Z‡e
cÖK…Zc‡¶ Zviv wQ‡jb ZzK©x| LjRx gvwjKMY Kvqgyim‡K mwi‡q RvjvjDÏxb wd‡ivR LjRx‡K
wmsnvm‡b emvb|

¸i“Z¡c~Y© NUbvmg~n
RvjvjDÏxb LjRx hLb wmsnvm‡b e‡mb ZLb wZwb e„×| eqm cÖvq 70 eQi| RvjvjDÏxb
wmsnvm‡b emvq LjRx e¨wZZ Ab¨vb¨ AvgxiMY Amš‘ó nb| Zv‡`i A‡b‡KB wQ‡jb eje‡bi
eskai‡`i cÖwZ Abyi³| ZvQvov wKQyw`b AvM ch©š—I Rvjvj wQ‡jb Zv‡`iB mgK¶| myZivs
 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

nVvr K‡i myjZvb n‡q emvq Zviv Zvui cÖwZ i“ó nb| †mRb¨ Rvjv‡ji Awf‡lK ch©š— w`j−x‡Z
AbywôZ n‡Z cv‡iwb| G Abyôvb nq w`j−xi evB‡i wK‡jvwNwi bvgK cÖvmv‡`| wKQyw`b ch©š— wZwb
†mLv‡bB Ae¯’vb K‡ib Ges †mLvb †_‡KB kvmbKvR cwiPvjbv K‡ib| RvjvjDÏxb AZ¨š— bgª
¯^fv‡ei gvbyl wQ‡jb| Zvui gayi I Avš—wiK e¨envi †kl ch©š— w`j−xi AwfRvZ‡`i gb Rq
K‡i| ZLb Zvui Avi w`j−x‡Z cÖ‡ek Kivq †Kvb Amyweav iB‡jv bv|

†gv½j evwnbxi fviZ AvµgY

RvjvjDÏxb wmsnvm‡b emvi gvÎ GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ (1291 wLª÷v‡ã) nvjv¸Lv‡bi †cŠÎ
Avãyj−vni †bZ…‡Z¡ GK wekvj †gv½j evwnbx fviZ AvµgY K‡i| myjZvb e„× eq‡m mvnm I
`¶Zvi mv‡_ GB AvµgY cÖwZnZ K‡ib| AwaKvsk †gv½j fviZ †Q‡o P‡j hvq| wKš‘ DjyN
Lvb bvgK †gv½j †bZv Zvui `jej mn fvi‡Z ¯’vqxfv‡e _vKvi AbygwZ Pvb| myjZvb Avb‡›`i
mv‡_ G‡Z ivwR nb| w`j−xi DcK‡Ú Zv‡`i evm Kivi Rb¨ ¯’vb wba©vwiZ nq| G ¯’v‡bi bvg
†`Iqv nq gyNjcyiv| †gv½jMY Bmjvg ag© MÖnY K‡i| Zviv ÔbI gymwjgÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ nq|

gvwjK Pv¾yi we‡`ªvn

RvjvjDwχbi ivR‡Z¡i wØZxq eQ‡i gvwjK Pv¾y we‡`ªvn K‡ib| gvwjK Pv¾y wQ‡jb eje‡bi
PvPvZ fvB| wZwb Kviv cÖ‡`‡ki kvmbKZ©v wQ‡jb| myjZvb GB we‡`ªvnI mvd‡j¨i mv‡_ KvwU‡q
D‡Vb| Pv¾y civwRZ nb| wZwb AbyZß n‡q ¶gv cÖv_©bv K‡ib| †Kvgj ¯^fv‡ei RvjvjDÏxb
Zvu‡K ¶gv K‡i †`b| wKš‘ welqwU LjRx Avgxi‡`i cQ›` nqwb| hv‡nvK, RvjvjDÏxb Zvui
åvZz®úyÎ AvjvDÏxb‡K Kviv cÖ‡`‡ki bZzb kvmbKZ©v wbhy³ K‡ib| Kviv cÖ‡`‡ki mv‡_ mv‡_
åvZzlcyÎ AvjvDÏxb‡K Zvu‡K A‡hva¨v kvmb Kivi `vwqZ¡I †`Iqv nq| AvjvDÏxb‡K myjZvb AZ¨š— fvjevm‡Zb| wZwb
kvmbKZ©v wbhy³ K‡ib Zvu‡K jvjbcvjb K‡ib Ges Zvui mv‡_ wbR †g‡qi we‡q †`b| AvjvDÏxb myjZv‡bi AbygwZ
wb‡q 1292 wLª÷v‡ã wfjmv `Lj K‡ib| RvjvjDÏx‡bi kvmbvg‡j iY_‡¤¢vi `yM© cybivwaKv‡ii
Rb¨ `yevi †Póv Kiv nq| wKš‘ Dfq †PóvB e¨_© nq| G‡Z myjZvb GB cwiKíbv Z¨vM K‡ib|
Zvui hyw³ wQj `yM© cybivwaKvi Kivi Rb¨ †h cwigvY gvbyl gviv hv‡e Zv‡`i Rxe‡bi g~j¨ `y‡M©i
g~‡j¨i PvB‡Z A‡bK †ewk| wmw` gIjvi we‡`ªvn `g‡bi e¨vcv‡i wKš‘ myjZvb AZ¨š— K‡VviZvi
cwiPq †`b| wmw` gIjv wQ‡jb †kL dwi`DÏxb MÄ-B-‡kLi -Gi wkl¨| GB wmw`gIjv
Ab¨vb¨ Avgxi‡`i mv‡_ wg‡j myjZv‡bi wei“‡× GKUv we‡`ªvn msMwVZ K‡ib| myjZvb GB
we‡`ªvn `gb Ki‡Z m¶g nb| wmw` gIjv e›`x nb| Zvu‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq|

Rvjvj Dwχbi wbnZ nIqvi NUbv

myjZv‡bi AwZgvÎvq mijZv Zvui g„Zz¨i KviY nq| †Kvb †Kvb HwZnvwmK e‡jb †h, ab-i‡Zœi
cÖwZ Zvui LyeB †jvf wQj| Zuvi åvZz®úyÎ AvjvDÏxb LjRx myjZv‡bi †Kvb AbygwZ bv wb‡qB
`vw¶Yv‡Z¨i †`ewMwi ivR¨ AvµgY K‡ib| †`ewMwii hv`e eskxq ivRv ivgP›`ª civwRZ nb|
wZwb AvjvDÏxb‡K 600 gY ¯^Y©, 1000 gY †iŠc¨, 7 gY gy³v, 2 gY nxiv Rnir Dc‡XŠKb
†`b| GB wecyj m¤ú` wb‡q AvjvDÏxb Kvivq wd‡i G‡jb| `vw¶Yv‡Z¨ åvZz®úy‡Îi mvd‡j¨i
msev` ï‡b myjZvb AZ¨š— Lykx nb| wZwb AvjvDÏxb‡K Awfb›`b Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ wb‡RB Kviv
G‡jb| †KD ‡KD e‡jb, AvjvDÏx‡bi KvQ †_‡K Dc‡XŠKb cvIqvi †jvfI Zvui wQj| myjZvb
†bŠKv †_‡K bvgv gvÎ AvjvDÏx‡bi Bw½‡Z Zvu‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq|

PvwiwÎK ˆewkó¨
RvjvjDÏxb wLjRx 1290 †_‡K 1296 ch©š— Qq eQi kvmb K‡ib| kvmK wn‡m‡e wZwb †Zgb
`¶Zv †`Lv‡Z cv‡ib wb| wZwb Zuvi cZœx gvwjKv-B-Rvnvb I cyÎ AviKvjx Lvb KZ©„K cÖfvweZ
n‡Zb| wZwb mevB‡K wek¦vm Ki‡Zb| Zuv‡K †¯—vK ev‡K¨ mn‡RB cÖfvweZ Kiv †h‡Zv| Z‡e

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
187

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

wZwb wQ‡jb AZ¨š— wbin¼vix gvbyl| Lye fvj gvbyl †h me mgq fvj kvmK nb bv RvjvjDÏxb
LjRx Zvi GKUv D`vniY|

mvi-ms‡¶c Kvq‡Kvev‡`i cyÎ Kvqgyim‡K wmsnvmbPz¨Z K‡i 1290 wLª÷v‡ã RvjvjDÏxb LjRx w`j−xi
wmsnvm‡b e‡mb| wmsnvm‡b e‡m wZwb Avgxi‡`i gb Rq K‡ib| wZwb †gv½j AvµgY
cÖwZnZ K‡ib| wKQy †gv½j‡K wZwb w`j−xi DcK‡Ú evm Kivi AbygwZ †`b| Giv Bmjvg
MÖnY K‡i Ges bI gymwjg bv‡g cwiwPZ nq| kvmb Kivi ci myjZvb RvjvjDÏxb LjRx
Zuvi åvZz®úyÎ AvjvDÏxb LjRxi wb‡`©‡k wbnZ nb| myjZvb RvjvjDÏxb LjRx wQ‡jb
wbin¼vix fv‡jv gvbyl|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 10.1

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| LjRxMY RvwZMZfv‡e−
K. ZzK©x|
L. cvVvb|
M. Avie|
N. fviZxq|
2| RvjvjDÏx‡bi Awf‡lK AbywôZ nq−
K. w`j−x‡Z|
L. jv‡nv‡i|
M. w`j−xi DcK‡Ú|
N. w`j−xi evB‡i wK‡jvwNwi cÖvmv‡`|
3| RvjvjDÏx‡bi ivRZ¡Kv‡j fvi‡Z †gv½j Avµg‡Yi †bZ…Z¡ wb‡qwQ‡jb−
K. †Pw½m Lvb|
L. nvjvKz Lvb|
M. Ave`yj−vn Lvb|
N. DjyN Lvb|
4| AvjvDÏxb‡K kvmbKZ©v wbhy³ Kiv n‡qwQj−
K. Kviv cÖ‡`‡ki|
L. Kviv I A‡hva¨v cÖ‡`‡ki|
M. A‡hva¨v cÖ‡`‡ki|
N. jv‡nvi I gyjZv‡bi|

msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. LjRx es‡ki ¶gZv‡ivnb m¤^‡Ü UxKv wjLyb|
2. RvjvjDÏxb wKfv‡e wbnZ nb? Zvui PvwiwÎK ˆewkó¨ m¤ú‡K© msw¶ß aviYv w`b|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
188

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

AvjvDÏxb LjRx (1296-1316 wLª:)

cvV 2
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ wKfv‡e AvjvDÏxb LjRx Zvui ¶gZv my`„p K‡ib †m m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ †gv½j AvµgY cÖwZnZ Kivi Rb¨ AvjvDÏxb wK wK c`‡¶c †bb, †m m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`‡Z
cvi‡eb|
AvjvDÏxb LjRxi ¶gZv my`„p Ki‡bi c`‡¶c
c~e©eZ©x cv‡V Avgiv AvjvDÏxb LjRxi ¶gZv `Lj m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ| myjZvb RvjvjDÏxb‡K
nZ¨v Kivi ci wZwb †`L‡jb †h Zvui Pviw`‡K wec`| wZwb eyS‡Z cvi‡jb †h Rvjvjx AvgxiMY
myjZv‡bi nZ¨vKvix‡K mn‡R ¶gv Ki‡eb bv| Zvuiv cÖwZ‡kva †bIqvi Dcvq LyuR‡eb|
RvjvjDÏx‡bi †R¨ôcyÎ AviKvjx Lvb ZLb gyjZv‡b| Rvjvjx Avgxi‡`i mv‡_ civgk© K‡i
ivRgvZv gvwjKv-B-Rvnvb Zvui KwbôcyÎ i“KzbDÏxb Beivwng‡K wmsnvm‡b emv‡jb| Ae¯’vi
¸i“Z¡ ey‡S AvjvDÏxb LjRx `ª“Z wm×vš— wb‡jb| wZwb Rvjvjx Avgxi‡`i wb‡Ri `‡j †U‡b
Avbvi Rb¨ Zvu‡`i c‡`vbœwZ I A_© cÖ`v‡bi †jvf †`Lv‡jb| ¯^v_©ci AvgxiMY †Uvc wMj‡jb
mn‡RB| †`ewMwi †_‡K Avbv A_© wZwb AKvZ‡i Avgxi‡`i g‡a¨ wewj‡q w`‡jb| ejv hvq, wZwb
†mvbvi †gvni w`‡q wei“×fvevcbœ Avgxi‡`i gyL eÜ Ki‡jb| AvgxiMY i“KzbDÏx‡bi c¶ Z¨vM
K‡i P‡j G‡jb AvjvDÏx‡bi c‡¶| Gevi myjZvb AvjvDÏxb webv evavq w`j−x‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡ib|
ivRgvZv cy·K wb‡q gyjZv‡b cvwj‡q †M‡jb| Zvu‡`i AbymiY Kivi Rb¨ myjZvb Zvui fvB
DjyNLvb I †mbvcwZ bmiZ Lv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ GK`j ˆmb¨ cvVvb| AviKvjx I i“KzbDÏxb e›`x
nb| gRvi e¨vcvi n‡jv AviKvjx I i“KzbDÏxb‡K †h mKj Avgxi mnvqZv K‡iwQ‡jb wZwb
Zv‡`i h‡_ôfv‡e cyi¯‹…Z K‡ib| Avi hvuiv c‡`vbœwZ I A_© wb‡q Zvui c¶ wb‡qwQ‡jb wZwb
Zvu‡`i K‡Vvi kvw¯— †`b| wZwb hyw³ †`Lvb ‡h Zviv A_© I c‡`i †jv‡f Zvui wec‡¶I P‡j
†h‡Z cv‡ib| hyw³msMZfv‡eB myjZvb ej‡jb, wek¦vmNvZK‡`i KL‡bv wek¦vm Ki‡Z †bB|
†gv½j AvµgY cÖwZnZ
Af¨š—ixY wec` †_‡K gy³ nIqvi ci myjZvb evB‡ii wec‡`i w`‡K bRi †`b| c~e©eZ©x
myjZvb, GgbwK ZviI AvM †_‡K fvi‡Zi Dci †gv½j‡`i †jvjyc `„wó wQj| AvjvDÏxb
LjRxi ivRZ¡Kv‡ji cÖ_g w`‡KI †gv½jMY evi evi fvi‡Zi Dci AvµgY Pvjvq| 1297
†_‡K 1307 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Aš—Z: mvZevi †gv½jMY fviZ AvµgY K‡iwQj e‡j Rvbv hvq|
AvjvDÏxb DËi-cwðg mxgvš— myi¶vi e¨e¯’v K‡i †gv½j AvµgY cÖwZnZ Kivi †Póv K‡ib| G
e¨vcv‡i wZwb wMqvmDÏxb eje‡bi bxwZ AbymiY K‡ib| eje‡bi g‡ZvB wZwb DËi-cwðg
mxgv‡š—i cyivZb `yM©¸‡jv ms¯‹vi K‡ib Ges ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ¯’vbmg~‡n bZzb `yM© wbg©vY K‡ib| G
mKj `yM© i¶vi Rb¨ Dchy³, mvnmx I wek¦¯— †mbvbvqK wbhy³ K‡ib| 1299 ch©š— jv‡nv‡ii
kvmbKZ©v wQ‡jb Rvdi Lvb| Rvdi Lvb Òhy‡Mi i“¯—gÓ bv‡g cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| wZwb 1297 I
1298 wLª÷v‡ãi `y‡Uv †gv½j AvµgY mvd‡j¨i mv‡_ cÖwZnZ K‡ib| 1297 wLª÷v‡ã
†gv½j‡`i †bZv wQ‡jb Avgxi `vD` Ges 1298 wLª÷v‡ã †bZv wQ‡jb mvjw`Lvb| Dfq‡¶‡ÎB
AwfhvbKvixMY e¨_© n‡q wd‡i hvb| 1299 wLª÷v‡ã KzZjyN Lv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ Z…Zxq Awfhvb
cwiPvwjZ nq| †gv½j‡`i G AwfhvbI e¨_© nq| G Awfhvb cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z wM‡q Rvdi Lvb
wbnZ nb| Gici 4 eQi ch©š— †gv½jMY fvi‡Z †Kvb Awfhvb Pvjvqwb| Z‡e 1303 †_‡K
1307 ch©š— cÖvq cÖwZ eQi †gv½jMY fviZ AvµgY K‡i| ïay 1205 wLª÷v‡ã †Kvb †gv½j
Awfhvb nqwb| 1305 wLª÷v‡ã myjZvb ZzNjK eskxq MvRx gvwjK‡K jv‡nv‡ii kvmbKZ©v wbhy³
K‡ib| †gv½j AvµgY hv‡Z n‡Z bv cv‡i †mRb¨ MvRx gvwjK me mgq Zrci _v‡Kb|
AvjvDÏxb w`cvjcyi, mvgvbv I gyjZv‡b kw³kvjx ˆmb¨evwnbx †gvZv‡qb K‡ib| 1307
wLª÷v‡ãi kxZKv‡j †gv½j‡`i me©‡kl Awfhvb cwiPvwjZ nq| BKevjg›` bvgK †gv½j m`©vi
G Awfhv‡b †bZ…Z¡ †`b| wmÜz b` cvi n‡q wZwb AviI c~e© w`‡K AMÖmi n‡Z _v‡Kb| MvRx
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
189
 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

gvwjK Zvi MwZ‡iva K‡i `uvovb| Dfqc‡¶ Zzgyj hy× nq| †gv½j‡`i eû ˆmb¨ nZvnZ nq|
†ek K‡qKRb †bZvi jvk hyׇ¶‡Î †d‡j †i‡L Aewkó †gv½jMY cÖvY wb‡q fviZ Z¨vM K‡i|
¯^qs BKevjg›` G hy‡× wbnZ nb| G Pig fvM¨wech©‡qi d‡j †gv½jMY AvjvDÏx‡bi
ivRZ¡Kv‡j Avi fviZ AvµgY Ki‡Z mvnmx nqwb|

mvgªv‡R¨i we¯—…wZ
mvgªv‡R¨i cwðgvÂj i¶vi e¨e¯’v K‡iB AvjvDÏxb ¶vš— nb wb| eje‡bi i¶YvÍ K bxwZ‡Z wZwb
wek¦vm Ki‡Zb bv| wZwb AvµgYvÍ K bxwZ MÖnY K‡ib| ¸RivU, iY_‡¤¢vi , wP‡Zvi, gvje BZ¨vw`
eje‡bi i¶YvÍ K bxwZ‡Z wZwb Rq K‡i cÖvq mgMÖ DËi fviZ wZwb c`vbZ K‡ib| DËi fvi‡Zi wewRZ AÂj wZwb mivmwi
wek¦vm Ki‡Zb bv| wZwb wbR kvm‡bi AvIZvq Av‡bb| Gici wZwb `w¶Y fvi‡Zi w`‡K `„wó †`b| `w¶Y fvi‡Z wZwb
AvµgYvÍ K bxwZ MÖnY K‡ib †`ewMwi, ei½j, Øvimgy`ª, gv`yiv cÖf…wZ Rq K‡ib| G mKj AÂj wZwb mivmwi kvmbvax‡b
Av‡bb wb| G mKj iv‡R¨i ivRv‡`i †gŠwLK AvbyMZ¨ I Ki cÖ`v‡bi k‡Z© wZwb Zv‡`i ivR¨
Zv‡`i‡K wdwi‡q †`b| AvMvgx cvV¸‡jv‡Z G‡K G‡K Zvui ivR¨ Rq, kvmb e¨e¯’v BZ¨vw` we¯—
vwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e|

mvi-ms‡¶c RvjvjDÏxb‡K nZ¨v K‡i AvjvDÏxb wmsnvm‡b e‡mb| RvjvjDÏx‡bi cyÎ AviKvjx I
i“KzbDÏxb‡K e›`x Kiv nq| wZwb †gv½j AvµgY cÖwZnZ Kivi e¨e¯’v K‡ib| DËi-cwðg
mxgv‡š—i `yM©¸‡jv wZwb myiw¶Z K‡ib| eû cyivZb `yM© ms¯‹vi I bZzb `yM© wbg©vY Kiv nq|
†mbvcwZ Rvdi Lv‡bi exi‡Z¡i Rb¨ †gv½jMY fvi‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Rvdi Lv‡bi
g„Zz¨i ci MvRx gvwjK jv‡nv‡ii kvmbKZ©v wbhy³ nb| wZwbI mvd‡j¨i mv‡_ †gv½j AvµgY
cÖwZnZ K‡ib| †klevi †gv½j †bZv BKevjg›` weivU `j wb‡q fvi‡Zi †fZ‡i Xz‡K
c‡ob| MvRx gvwj‡Ki mv‡_ hy‡× BKevjg›` civwRZ I wbnZ nb| eû †gv½j ˆmb¨ nZvnZ
nq| Gici AvjvDÏx‡bi ivRZ¡Kv‡j †gv½jMY Avi fviZ AvµgY Ki‡Z mvnm K‡iwb|
AvjvDÏxb cÖvq mgMÖ DËi fviZ wb‡Ri kvmbvax‡b Av‡bb| `w¶Y fvi‡Zi ivRvivI civwRZ
n‡q Zvu‡K Ki w`‡Z eva¨ nb|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 10.2

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| AvjvDÏxb LjRx Rvjvjx Avgxi‡`i wb‡Ri c‡¶ wb‡q G‡jb−
K. c‡`vbœwZ I A‡_©i †jvf †`wL‡q|
L. c‡`vbœwZi †jvf †`wL‡q|
M. A_© cÖ`v‡bi †jvf †`wL‡q|
N. kvw¯— cÖ`v‡bi fq †`wL‡q|
2| †h mKj Avgxi AviKvjx Lvb I i“KzbDÏxb‡K mnvqZv K‡iwQ‡jb Zvu‡`i AvjvDÏxb−
K. dvumx †`b|
L. wbe©vwmZ K‡ib|
M. cyi¯‹…Z K‡ib|
N. wki‡”Q` K‡ib|
3| 1299 ch©š— jv‡nv‡ii kvmbKZ©v wQ‡jb−
K. KzZjyN Lvb|
L. Rvdi Lvb|
M. DjyN Lvb|
N. bmiZ Lvb|
4| AvjvDÏx‡bi ivRZ¡Kv‡j †gv½j‡`i †kl Awfhv‡Yi †bZ…‡Z¡ wQ‡jb−
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
190
 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K. Avgxi `vD`|
L. mvjw` Lvb|
M. KzZjyN Lvb|
N. BKevjg›`|

msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. AvjvDÏxb LjRx wKfv‡e Zuvi kvmb¶gZv my`„p K‡iwQ‡jb? ms‡¶‡c wjLyb|
2. †gv½j AvµgY cÖwZnZ Kivi Rb¨ AvjvDÏxb LjRx KZ©„K M„nxZ e¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡c
eY©bv w`b|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
191

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

AvjvDÏxb LjRxi DËi-fviZ weRq

cvV 3
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ AvjvDÏxb LjRxi ¸RivU weRq m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ AvjvDÏxb LjRxi iY_‡¤¢vi weRq m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ AvjvDÏxb LjRxi wP‡Zvi weRq Kvwnbx eY©bv Ges cwÙbx DcvL¨vb we‡k−lY Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
◗ we‡RZv wn‡m‡e AvjvDÏxb LjRxi g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
we‡RZv wn‡m‡e AvjvDÏxb LjRx
AvjvDÏxb LjRx GKRb AZ¨š— eo we‡RZv wQ‡jb| fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m wZwb wb‡R‡K Ab¨Zg
†kªô mvgªvR¨ev`x kvmK wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Qb| mvgªvR¨ we¯—vi I †gv½j AvµgY cÖwZnZ
Kivi Rb¨ wZwb AZ¨š— kw³kvjx I wekvj GKwU ¯’vqx ˆmb¨evwnbx MVb K‡ib| GB
ˆmb¨evwnbx‡K Dchy³ cÖwk¶Y cÖ`vb Ges mvgwiK A‡¯¿ mymw¾Z Kiv nq| Rvdi Lvb, bmiZ
Lvb, DjyNLvb cÖgyL `¶, mvnmx I wek¦¯— †mbvbvqK wbhy³ Kiv nq| AvjvDÏxb LjRxi weRq
cwiKíbv wQj wbLyuZ| wm×vš— MÖn‡Yi c~‡e© wZwb †h †Kvb cwiKíbvi wewfbœ w`K wb‡q AwfÁ‡`i
mv‡_ civgk© Ki‡Zb| Z‡e wm×vš— wb‡Zb wb‡R| wm×vš— GKevi M„nxZ n‡j Zvi Avi boPo
n‡Zv bv|
¸RivU weRq
wmsnvm‡b emvi ciciB myjZvb ¸RivU weR‡qi wm×vš— †bb| ¸RivU wQj K…wl I wk‡í DbœZ|
GLv‡b cÖPzi dmj dj‡Zv| ZvQvov mzwZ I †ikwg e‡¯¿i Rb¨ ¸RivU eiveiB weL¨vZ| ZLb
¸Riv‡Ui myivU wQj fvi‡Zi †kªô e›`i| GB e›`i w`‡q cwðg Gwkqvi wewfbœ †`k Ges c~e©
Gwkqvi mygvÎv, Rvfv, gvjq cÖf…wZ †`‡ki mv‡_ fvi‡Zi ewne©vwYR¨ Pj‡Zv| myZivs wewfbœ w`K
we‡ePbv K‡i AvjvDÏxb LjRx 1297 wLª÷v‡ã ¸Riv‡U Awfhvb †cÖiY K‡ib| myjZv‡bi fvB
DjyN Lvb Ges †mbvcwZ bmiZ Lvb GB Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib| ev‡Njv eskxq KY©‡`e
wQ‡jb ¸Riv‡Ui ivRv| wZwb hy‡× civwRZ nb| Kb¨v †`ejv‡`ex‡K wb‡q KY©‡`e †`k †_‡K
cvwj‡q hvb| wKš‘ ivYx Kgjv‡`ex ew›` nb| Zvu‡K w`j−x‡Z wb‡q G‡j myjZvb Zvu‡K we‡q
K‡ib| gymwjg evwnbx Kvdzi bvgK GKRb AZ¨š— mykªx †LvRv‡KI e›`x K‡i wb‡q Av‡m|
cieZ©xKv‡j GB Kvdzi myjZv‡bi AZ¨š— wek¦vmfvRb n‡q D‡Vb| gvwjK Kvdzi myjZv‡bi
Ab¨Zg †mbvcwZ nb| wZwb `vw¶YvZ¨ weR‡q †bZ…Z¡ †`b| ¸RivU ¯’vqxfv‡e w`j−x mvgªv‡R¨i
Aš—fz©³ nq| ¸Riv‡Ui AcwiwgZ m¤ú` myjZv‡bi nv‡Z Av‡m| Zvui L¨vwZ eû¸Y †e‡o hvq|

iY_‡¤¢vi weRq
iY_‡¤¢vi wQj fvi‡Zi †kªô `yM©¸‡jvi Ab¨Zg| BjZzZwg‡mi mgq GB `yM© gymwjg AwaKv‡i
Av‡m| wKš‘ BjZzZwg‡mi `ye©j DËivwaKvix‡`i mgq ivRcyZMY cybivq `yM©wU `Lj K‡i †bq|
RvjvjDÏxb iY_‡¤¢vi Rq Kivi †Póv K‡i e¨_© nb| ¸RivU weR‡qi ci AvjvDÏxb iY_‡¤¢vi
R‡qi wm×vš— †bb| GB mgq nv¤^xi‡`e wQ‡jb iY_‡¤¢v‡ii AwaKZ©v| myjZvb ¸RivU we‡RZv
1301 wLª÷v‡ã iY_‡¤¢vi DjyN Lvb I bmiZ Lvb‡K 1299 wLª÷v‡ã iY_‡¤¢vi R‡q cvVvb| Df‡q iY_‡¤¢vi `yM© Ae‡iva
AvjvDÏx‡bi `L‡j Av‡m K‡ib| bmiZ Lvb Ae‡iva cwiPvjbvi mgq wbnZ nb| DjyN LvbI `yM© R‡q e¨_© nb| ZLb
myjZvb wb‡RB iY_‡¤^vi Awfgy‡L hvÎv K‡ib| cw_g‡a¨ myjZv‡bi åvZz®úyÎ AvKvZ Lvb
myjZvb‡K nZ¨v K‡i ¶gZv `L‡ji †Póv K‡ib| wKš‘ Zvui †m †Póv e¨_© nq| AvKvZ Lvb aiv
c‡ob Ges we‡`ªv‡ni Awf‡hv‡M Zvu‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| AZ:ci myjZvb iY_‡¤¢vi Ae‡iva K‡ib|
`xN©w`b hy× P‡j| Dfqc‡¶ cÖPzi †jvK¶q nq| Ae‡k‡l nv¤^xi‡`e civwRZ I wbnZ nb|
1301 wLª÷v‡ã iY_‡¤¢vi AvjvDÏx‡bi `L‡j Av‡m|
wP‡Zvi weRq
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
192
 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

†gevi wQj ivRcyZbvi AZ¨š— kw³kvjx ivR¨| iZbwmsn wQ‡jb †gev‡ii ivRv| wP‡Zvi wQj
†gev‡ii ivRavbx| wP‡Zvi `Lj bv Kiv ch©š— w`j−xi †Kvb kvmKB wb‡R‡K wbivc` g‡b Ki‡Z
†gevi wQj ivRcyZbvi AZ¨š— cvi‡Zb bv| AvjvDÏx‡bi c~‡e© †Kvb myjZvb wP‡Zvi R‡qi mvnm K‡ib wb| iY_‡¤¢vi R‡qi
kw³kvjx ivR¨| iZbwmsn `yÕeQi ci 1303 wLª÷v‡ã myjZvb wb‡RB wP‡Zvi Awfhv‡b †bZ…Z¡ †`b| gvwjK gyn¤§` Rqmx
wQ‡jb †gev‡ii ivYv| wP‡Zvi
wQj †gev‡ii ivRavbx
Zvui ÔcÙverÕ Kve¨MÖ‡š’ e‡j‡Qb †h ivbv iZbwms‡ni GK Awb›`¨ my›`ix ivYx wQ‡jb| Zvui bvg
wQj cwÙbx ev cÙveZx| AvjvDÏxb Zvui iƒ‡ci L¨vwZ ï‡b Zvu‡K jvf Kivi Awfjvlx n‡q
D‡Vb| Ges †m Rb¨B wZwb wP‡Zvi R‡qi cwiKíbv K‡ib| AvaywbK HwZnvwmKMY Rqmxi GB
Kvwnbx‡K †bnv‡qr DcvL¨vb e‡j g‡b K‡ib| Kwe Avgxi Lmi“ wP‡Zvi Awfhv‡bi mgq
myjZv‡bi msMx wQ‡jb| wZwb Zvui †Kvb MÖ‡š’ cwÙbx m¤ú‡K© †Kvb D‡j−L K‡ib wb| mgmvgwqK
†Kvb BwZnvm MÖ‡š’I G NUbvi †Kvb D‡j−L †bB| †K.Gm. jvj cÖgyL AvaywbK HwZnvwmK ZvB
ivRcyZ igYxMY kΓi Ke‡j
c‡o jvwÄZ nIqvi f‡q
Rqmxi GB Kvwnbxi †Kvb g~j¨ †`b bv| hv‡nvK, ivbv iZbwmsn ex‡ii g‡Zv AvjvDÏx‡bi mv‡_
Av¸‡b Svuc w`‡q g„Zz¨eiY hy× K‡ib| wKš‘ wZwb civwRZ nb Ges cvwj‡q hvb| GiciI †Mviv Ges ev`‡ji †bZ…‡Z¡
K‡ib| fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m G ivRcyZMY hy× Pvwj‡q hvq| wKš‘ †kl ch©š— Zviv civwRZ nq| ivRcyZ igYxMY kÎ i Ke‡j
cÖ_v ÔRnieªZÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ c‡o jvwÃZ nIqvi f‡q Av¸‡b Svuc w`‡q g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib| fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m G cÖ_v ÔRnieªZÕ
bv‡g cwiwPZ| wP‡Zvi myjZv‡bi `L‡j Av‡m| wZwb wbR cyÎ wLwRi Lv‡bi nv‡Z wP‡Zv‡ii
kvmbfvi w`‡q ivRavbx‡Z wd‡i Av‡mb|

gvje weRq
¸RivU, iY_‡¤¢vi I wP‡Zvi weR‡qi ci gvje Rq wQj ¯^vfvweK cwiYwZ| 1305 wLª÷v‡ã
myjZvb gvj‡ei wei“‡× Awfhvb cvVvb| gvjeivR gvnjK‡`e civwRZ nb| gvj‡ei D¾wqbx,
gvÛz, ai, Pv‡›`ix BZ¨vw` BwZnvmL¨vZ bMi I `yM© myjZv‡bi KivqZ¡ nq| mgMÖ gvje
AvjvDÏxb Zvui mivmwi kvmbvax‡b Av‡bb|
Gfv‡e 1305 wLª÷v‡ãi g‡a¨ cÖvq mgMÖ DËi fviZ AvjvDÏxb LjRxi `L‡j Av‡m| myjZvb
nIqvi mgq wZwb †h mvgªvR¨ jvf K‡iwQ‡jb wb‡Ri †Póvq Zv wZwb A‡bKLvwb e„w× K‡ib|
DËi fvi‡Zi we¯—xY© AÂj myjZvb Zvui mivmwi kvmbvax‡b iv‡Lb|

mvi-ms‡¶c myjZvb AvjvDÏxb LjRx wQ‡jb GKRb eo we‡RZv| wZwb GKwU kw³kvjx wbqwgZ evwnbx
M‡o †Zv‡jb| Rvdi Lvb, bmiZ Lvb, DjyN Lvb cÖgyL K‡qKRb `¶ †mbvbvq‡Ki mvnv‡h¨
wZwb mvgªv‡R¨i we¯—vi NUvb| wZwb ¸RivU, iY_‡¤¢vi, wP‡Zvi, gvje cÖf…wZ Rq K‡ib| DËi
fvi‡Zi G mKj AÂj Rq K‡i wZwb mivmwi wb‡Ri kvmbvax‡b Av‡bb|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 10.3

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| AvjvDÏxb ¸Riv‡Ui †h ivRv‡K civwRZ K‡i ¸RivU `Lj K‡ib Zvui bvg−
K. KY©‡`e|
L. gvnjK‡`e|
M. iZbwmsn|
N. nv¤^xi‡`e|
2| AvjvDÏxb LjRx iY_‡¤¢vi Rq K‡ib−
K. 1297 wLª÷v‡ã|
L. 1299 wLª÷v‡ã|
M. 1301 wLª÷v‡ã|
N. 1303 wLª÷v‡ã|
3| ÔcÙverÕ Kv‡e¨i iPwqZv−

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
193

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K. Avgxi Lmi“|
L. gvwjK gyn¤§` Rqmx|
M. †di‡`Šmx|
N. AvjvIj|
4| wP‡Zvi R‡qi ci myjZvb kvm‡bi fvi Ac©Y K‡ib−
K. AvKvZ Lv‡bi Dci|
L. DjyN Lv‡bi Dci|
M. bmiZ Lv‡bi Dci|
N. wLwRi Lv‡bi Dci|

msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. AvjvDÏxb LjRx KZ…©K ¸RivU weR‡qi msw¶ß eY©bv w`b|
2. AvjvDÏxb LjRx wKfv‡e iY_‡¤¢vi `yM© Rq K‡ib wjLyb|
3. AvjvDÏx‡bi wP‡Zvi weRq ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
194

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

AvjvDÏxb LjRxi `w¶Y-fviZ weRq

cvV 4
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ myjZvb AvjvDÏxb LjRxi †mbvcwZ gvwjK Kvdzi KZ©„K `vw¶Yv‡Z¨i wewfbœ ivR¨ R‡qi
weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ AvjvDÏxb LjRxi `vw¶YvZ¨ weR‡qi Zvrch© we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

AvjvDÏwb LjRxi `w¶Y fviZ weRq

DËi-fviZ R‡qi ci AvjvDÏxb LjRx `w¶Y fvi‡Zi w`‡K bRi †`b| G e¨vcv‡i wZwb fviZ
BwZnv‡mi wPiš—b avivwU‡KB AbymiY K‡ib| †m aviv GB †h, AvjvDÏxb LjRxi Av‡M P›`ª¸ß
†gŠh© I mgy`ª¸‡ßi Ges c‡i AvKei I AvIi½‡R‡ei `vw¶YvZ¨ bxwZ G K_vi mZ¨Zv cÖgvY
K‡i| Gi wecixZ aviv fviZxq BwZnv‡m j¶ Kiv hvq bv| mvgªvR¨ev`x hy‡M Ggb †Kvb bwRi
†bB †h, DËi fviZ `w¶Y fvi‡Zi †Kvb kvmK Øviv kvwmZ n‡q‡Q| `vw¶Yv‡Z¨i ivR‰bwZK I
A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v AvjvDÏxb LjRxi `vw¶YvZ¨ bxwZ‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q| myjZvb nIqvi c~‡e©
wZwb Kviv I A‡hva¨vi kvmbKZ©v wn‡m‡e †`ewMwi AvµgY K‡ib| ZLbB wZwb Dcjwä
K‡iwQ‡jb †h `vw¶Yv‡Z¨ i‡q‡Q hyM hyM a‡i mwÂZ Adziš— m¤ú`| wZwb eyS‡Z cv‡ib †h mgMÖ
`vw¶YvZ¨ ivR‰bwZK w`K †_‡K AmsMwVZ Ges mvgwiK w`‡K AZ¨š— `ye©j| ZvB myjZvb
nIqvi ci `vw¶Yv‡Z¨i ivR‰bwZK I mvgwiK `ye©jZvi my‡hvM wb‡q wZwb G A‡ji m¤ú‡`i
AwaKvix n‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb|

`vw¶YvZ¨ weR‡q †mbvcwZ gvwjK Kvdz‡i f‚wgKv

`vw¶YvZ¨ weR‡q AvjvDÏxb LjRxi †mbvcwZ wQ‡jb gvwjK Kvdzi| wZwb wQ‡jb AZ¨š— weP¶Y
I my‡hvM mÜvbx| 1306 wLª÷v‡ã myjZvb gvwjK Kvdzi‡K †`ewMwi Awfhv‡bi wb‡`©k †`b|
†`ewMwii ivRv ivgP›`ª c~e© cÖwZkÖ“Z Ki`v‡b weiZ wQ‡jb| ZvQvov wZwb ¸Riv‡Ui cjvZK
ivRv KY©‡K Avkªq w`‡q myjZv‡bi weivMfvRb nb| welqwU‡K AvjvDÏxb LjRx hv`eiv‡Ri
†`ewMwi Awfhvb m`vkqZv wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡ib wb| eis G‡K wZwb hv`eiv‡Ri J×Z¨RwbZ Aciva wn‡m‡eB
mve¨¯— K‡ib| ivgP›`ª Kvdzi‡K evav †`Iqvi †Póv K‡ib| wKš‘ wZwb e¨_© nb| Zvui AvwkªZ
KY©‡`e cvwj‡q †h‡Z m¶g nb, wKš‘ †`ejv‡`ex aiv c‡ob| Zvu‡K ivRavbx‡Z G‡b
gnvmgv‡iv‡n hyeivR wLwRi Lv‡bi mv‡_ we‡q †`qv nq| civwRZ ivgP›`ª Av‡Mi †P‡q †ewk nv‡i
Ki cÖ`v‡bi k‡Z© †invB cvb|

ei½j Awfhvb
1309 wLª÷v‡ã myjZv‡bi wb‡`©‡k gvwjK Kvdzi ei½‡ji wei“‡× hy×hvÎv K‡ib| hv`e iv‡R¨i
`w¶‡Y we¯—xY© AÂj wb‡q MwVZ wQj †Zwj½bv ivR¨| ei½j wQj G iv‡R¨i ivRavbx| KvKZxq
es‡ki wØZxq cÖZvci“`ª‡`e wQ‡jb †Zwj½bvi ivRv| gvwjK Kvdzi ei½j AvµgY Ki‡j
cÖZvci“`ª‡`e AZ¨š— exi‡Z¡i mv‡_ Zvu‡K evav cÖ`vb K‡ib| wKš‘ wZwb civwRZ nb| Kvdz‡ii
mv‡_ Zvui mwÜ nq| mwÜi kZ©vbymv‡i wZwb myjZv‡bi cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ ¯^xKvi K‡ib Ges Zvu‡K
evwl©K KicÖ`v‡b ivRx nb| 1310 wLª÷v‡ã gvwjK Kvdzi weRq‡MŠi‡e ivRavbx‡Z wd‡i Av‡mb|

Øvi mgy`ª Awfhvb

AZ¨š— mn‡R †Zwj½bvivR‡K civwRZ Ki‡Z †c‡i AvjvDÏx‡bi D”Pvkv AviI †e‡o hvq| wZwb
mgMÖ `w¶Y fviZ Rq Kivi msKí †bb| GB D‡Ï‡k¨ 1310 wLª÷v‡ãi †klfv‡M wZwb gvwjK
Kvdzi‡K Z…Zxqev‡ii g‡Zv `vw¶Yv‡Z¨ cvVvb| gvwjK Kvdzi hv`eivR¨ I †Zwj½bv cvi n‡q
Øvimgy‡`ª G‡m Dcw¯’Z nb| Øvimgy‡`ªi ivRv wQ‡jb Z…Zxq exi ej−vj| mvgvb¨ evav `v‡bi ci
exi ej−vj myjZv‡bi AvbyMZ¨ †g‡b †bb Ges Ki cÖ`v‡b ivRx nb|
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
195
 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvÛivR¨ Awfhvb
Øvimgy`ª c`vbZ K‡i gvwjK Kvdzi AviI `w¶‡Y AMÖmi nb| Øvimgy‡`ªi `w¶‡Y ZLb wQj cvÛ¨
ivR¨| gv`yiv wQj G iv‡R¨i ivRavbx kni| f‚Zc~e© ivRvi g„Zz¨i ci wmsnvmb wb‡q Zuvi `yB cyÎ
exi cvÛ¨ I myÛ cv‡Û¨i g‡a¨ Ø›Ø PjwQj| Aš—Ø©‡›Øi Kvi‡Y cvÛ¨ ivR¨ Ggwb‡ZB wQj `ye©j|
Kvdzi‡K evav †`Iqvi g‡Zv kw³ G iv‡R¨i wQj bv| Kvdz‡ii AvMg‡b exi cvÛ¨ ivRavbx †Q‡o
cvwj‡q hvb| gv`yiv Kvdz‡ii `L‡j Av‡m| wZwb cÖPzi abiZœmn 1311 wLª÷v‡ãi A‡±vei gv‡m
w`j−x cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib|

cybivq †`ewMwi Awfhvb

hv`e iv‡R¨i ivRv ivgP‡›`ªi g„Zz¨ n‡j Zuvi cyÎ ksKi‡`e †`ewMwii wmsnvm‡b e‡mb| wZwb
AvjvDÏxb‡K wcZvi cÖwZkÖ“Z Ki w`‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡ib| G‡Z AvjvDÏxb AZ¨š— ivMvwš^Z nb|
wZwb gvwjK Kvdzi‡K Zvi wei“‡× AMÖmi nIqvi wb‡`©k †`b| GwU wQj `vw¶Yv‡Z¨ gvwjK
Kvdz‡ii PZz_© Awfhvb| 1312 wLª÷v‡ã Kvdzi †`ewMwi AvµgY K‡ib| ksKi‡`e cÖvYc‡Y hy×
K‡ib| wKš‘ wZwb civwRZ nb| AvÍ mgc©Y Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i wZwb cvnvo-RsM‡j cvwj‡q
†eov‡Z _v‡Kb| w`j−x evwnbx Zvui mÜv‡b mgMÖ ivR¨ ZQbQ Ki‡Z _v‡K| Ae‡k‡l wZwb aiv
c‡ob Ges wbnZ nb| mdj Awfhvb †k‡l Kvdzi cÖPzi abiZœmn ivRavbx‡Z cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib|

`vw¶YvZ¨ Awfhv‡bi djvdj

1306 †_‡K 1312 ch©š— 7 1306 †_‡K 1312 ch©š— 7 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ AvjvDÏxb LjRx `vw¶Yv‡Z¨ 4wU Awfhvb cvVvb|
eQ‡ii g‡a¨ AvjvDÏxb LjRx Awfhvb¸‡jv wQj mycwiKwíZ| cÖwZwU Awfhvb mdj nq| `vw¶Yv‡Z¨i cÖvq †kl we›`y ch©š—
`vw¶Yv‡Z¨ 4wU Awfhvb cvVvb gymwjg `vcU Abyf‚Z nq| myjZv‡bi †MŠie nq AvKvkPz¤^x| Zvui ÔwmKv›`i-B-mvbxÕ ev wØZxq
Av‡jKRvÛvi Dcvwa mv_©K nq| wZwb h‡kv‡MŠi‡ei mv‡_ mv‡_ cÖPzi m¤ú‡`iI gvwjK nb|
G‡K G‡K †`ewMwi, ei½j, myjZvb wQ‡jb ev¯—e Áv‡bi AwaKvix| †m hy‡Mi AbybœZ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v Ges w`j−x †_‡K
Øvimgy`ª I gv`yiv Rq K‡ib| `vw¶Yv‡Z¨i `~i‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y mivmwi `vw¶YvZ¨ kvmb Kiv m¤¢e wQjbv| ZvB G¸‡jv‡K Ki`
wZwb `w¶Y-fvi‡Zi †kl cÖvš— iv‡R¨ cwiYZ K‡ib| G¸‡jvi †gŠwLK AvbyMZ¨ I evwl©K Ki`v‡bi cÖwZkÖ“wZ‡ZB wZwb mš‘ó
ch©š— gymwjg weRq cZvKv
DÇxb K‡ib
_v‡Kb| civwRZ ivRvMY‡K wZwb Zvu‡`i wbR wbR iv‡R¨i kvmb¶gZvq envj iv‡Lb| kw³i
`vc‡U wZwb Am¤¢e‡K m¤¢e Kivi Kv‡R nvZ †`b wb|

mvi-ms‡¶c AvjvDÏxb LjRx `vw¶YvZ¨ Rq K‡ib| `vw¶YvZ¨ Awfhv‡b †bZ…Z¡ †`b myjZv‡bi †mbvcwZ
gvwjK Kvdzi| 1306 †_‡K 1312 ch©š— gvwjK Kvdzi 4wU Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib| wZwb
G‡K G‡K †`ewMwi, ei½j, Øvimgy`ª I gv`yiv Rq K‡ib| wZwb `w¶Y-fvi‡Zi †kl cÖvš—
ch©š— gymwjg weRq cZvKv DÇxb K‡ib| `w¶Y-fviZ †_‡K gvwjK Kvdzi cÖPzi abiZœ wb‡q
Av‡mb| `w¶Y-fviZ R‡qi d‡j myjZv‡bi †MŠie e„w× cvq| wZwb `w¶Y-fvi‡Zi wewRZ
ivR¨¸‡jvi kvm‡bi `vwqZ¡ H mKj iv‡R¨i ivRv‡`i nv‡ZB †Q‡o †`b| myjZv‡bi cÖwZ Zuviv
AbyMZ _vK‡Zb Ges myjZvb‡K evwl©K Ki w`‡Zb|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 10.4

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| `vw¶YvZ¨ weR‡q AvjvDÏx‡bi †mbvcwZ wQ‡jb−
K. bmiZ Lvb|
L. DjyN Lvb|
M. Rvdi Lvb|
N. gvwjK Kvdzi|
2| wØZxq cÖZvci“`ª‡`e ivRv wQ‡jb−
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
196
 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K. hv`e es‡ki|
L. KvKZxq es‡ki|
M. cvÛ¨ es‡ki|
N. P›`ªes‡ki|
3| gvwjK Kvdzi hLb Øvimgy`ª AvµgY K‡ib ZLb †mLvbKvi ivRv wQ‡jb−
K. exi ej−vj|
L. cÖZvci“`ª‡`e|
M. exi cvʨ|
N. ksKi‡`e|
4| `w¶Y-fviZ R‡qi ci G A‡ji ivR¨¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© AvjvDÏxb LjRxi bxwZ−
K. mivmwi wbR kvmbvax‡b Av‡bb|
L. Zv‡`i c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv †`b|
M. G¸‡jv‡K Ki` iv‡R¨ cwiYZ K‡ib|
N. G mKj iv‡R¨i ivRv‡`i ¶gZvPz¨Z K‡ib|

msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. AvjvDÏxb LjRxi `vw¶YvZ¨ weR‡qi Zvrch© we‡k−lY Ki“b|
2. AvjvDÏxb LjRxi `vw¶Yv‡Z¨ †h 4wU Awfhvb cvVvb Zvi msw¶ß eY©bv w`b|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
197

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

AvjvDÏxb LjRxi kvmb ms¯‹vi

cvV 5
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ AvjvDÏxb LjRxi kvmbe¨e¯’vi g~jbxwZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ Zvui ivR¯^ ms¯‹vi m¤ú‡K© we‡k−lY Ki‡Z Ki‡eb|
◗ Zvui mvgwiK ms¯‹v‡ii weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ kvmK wn‡m‡e AvjvDÏxb LjRxi g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

kvmb ms¯‹vi
wbR evûe‡j AvjvDÏxb GK wekvj mvgªvR¨ M‡o †Zv‡jb| wZwb GB wekvj mvgªvR¨ myôzfv‡e
kvmb Kivi e¨e¯’v K‡ib| we‡RZv AvjvDÏxb Aek¨B L¨vwZgvb| Z‡e kvmK wn‡m‡e AvjvDÏxb
AviI †ewk L¨vwZi AwaKvix| fviZxq gymjgvb kvmK‡`i g‡a¨ AvjvDÏxb LjRxB me©cÖ_g
ag©wbi‡c¶ kvmbe¨e¯’v Kv‡qg K‡ib| kvmb wel‡q wZwb I‡jgv‡`i KZ©„Z¡ A¯^xKvi K‡ib|
KvRx gywNmDÏxb‡K GKevi AvjvDÏxb LjRx e‡jb, "I do not know whether this is
lawful or unlawful, whatever I think to be for the good of the state or suitable for
the emergency that I decree." A_©vr hv wZwb iv‡óªi Rb¨ Kj¨vYKi wKsev Ri“wi Ae¯’vi
AvjvDÏxb wQ‡jb K‡Vvi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx g‡b K‡i‡Qb Z`bymv‡i wZwb Av‡`k Rvix K‡i‡Qb, Zv AvBb msMZ wK †e-AvBbx
cÖK…wZi kvmK| Zvui †m we‡ePbvq wZwb †h‡Zb bv| AvjvDÏxb wQ‡jb K‡Vvi cÖK…wZi kvmK| Zvui kvmbe¨e¯’v wQj
kvmbe¨e¯’v wQj ˆ¯^iZvwš¿K|
ˆ¯^iZvwš¿K| Z‡e wZwb cÖRvwn‰Zlx myjZvb wQ‡jb| Zvui kvmbe¨e¯’vi g~j j¶¨ wQj cÖRvi
Z‡e wZwb cÖRvwn‰Zlx myjZvb
wQ‡jb Kj¨vY mvab| kvmbKv‡R Zvui g‡Zv `¶Zv Acivci A‡bK kvmKB †`Lv‡Z cv‡ib wb|
cieZ©xKv‡j †kikvn I AvKei Zvui kvmbbxwZi wewfbœ w`K Zvu‡`i kvmb e¨e¯’vq cÖ‡qvM
K‡ib|

AvjvDÏxb LjRx kvmb¶gZvq Avmvi Av‡M AwfRvZ I AvgxiMY NbNb we‡`ªvn Ki‡Zb| wZwb
GB we‡`ªv‡ni KviY AbymÜvb K‡ib| wZwb wm×v‡š— DcbxZ nb †h we‡`ªv‡ni †cQ‡b PviwU KviY
KvR K‡i t
(1) kvmb wel‡q myjZv‡bi Ag‡bv‡hvwMZv|
(2) Avgxi‡`i cvi¯úwiK AvÍxqZv I mvgvwRK †gjv‡gkv|
(3) g`¨cvb Ges
(4) m¤ú‡`i cÖvPzh©|

KviY D˜NvU‡bi ci myjZvb we‡`ªvn wbim‡bi Dcvq D™¢veb Ki‡jb|

kvmb wel‡q myjZv‡bi cÖ_g KviY A_©vr kvmb wel‡q myjZv‡bi Ag‡bv‡hvwMZv AvjvDÏxb `~i K‡ib wb‡Ri `„p msKí
Ag‡bv‡hvwMZv AvjvDÏxb `~i Øviv| wZwb kvmb wel‡q Zx¶è bRi ivLv ïi“ K‡ib| kvm‡bi LyuwU-bvwUI myjZv‡bi bRi
K‡ib wb‡Ri `„p msKí Øviv| Gov‡Zv bv| Lvmgn‡j wKsev `iev‡i b„Z¨-MxZ wKsev Av‡gv` cÖ‡gv‡`i e¨e¯’v myjZvb Kwg‡q
wZwb kvmb wel‡q Zx¶è bRi ‡`b| Gfv‡e kvmb wel‡q myjZv‡bi Awemsevw`Z KZ©„Z¡ AwP‡iB cÖwZwôZ nq|
ivLv ïi“ K‡ib| kvm‡bi
LyuwU-bvwUI myjZv‡bi bRi
Gov‡Zv bv wØZxqZ, myjZvb AvBb K‡i w`‡jb †h Avgxi‡`i g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK AvÍ xqZv, cvwievwiK ms‡hvM
wKsev mvgvwRK ˆeVK Ki‡Z n‡j c~e©v‡ý myjZv‡bi AbygwZ wb‡Z n‡e| wZwb †`‡k K‡Vvi
¸ßPicÖ_v cÖeZ©b Ki‡jb| MÖßP‡ii f‡q AvgxiMY AbygwZcÖvß ˆeV‡KI gyL Lyj‡Z mvnm
†c‡Zb bv| myjZv‡bi wei“‡× Pµvš— wKsev lohš¿ Kivi cÖeYZv eÜ n‡jv|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
198

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

Z…ZxqZ, myjZvb Zvui mvgªv‡R¨ g` †Kbv-‡ePv K‡Vvifv‡e wb‡la K‡i w`‡jb| †Mvc‡b g` †Kbv-
‡ePv P‡j wKbv Zv †`Lvi Rb¨ ¸ßP‡iiv m`v cÖ¯‘Z wQj| `„óvš— ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ myjZvb wb‡RI g`
cv‡bi Af¨vm †Q‡o w`‡jb Ges cvbcvθ‡jv †fs‡M †dj‡jb|
PZz_©Z, ivR¨g‡a¨ hviv AZ¨š— m¤ú`kvjx Zv‡`i AwZwi³ A_© m¤ú` ev‡Rqvß Kiv n‡jv|
gvby‡li m¤ú` K‡g hvIqvq Zviv Avi we‡`ªvn Kivi wKsev Akvwš— m„wó Kivi my‡hvM †c‡jv bv|
AvjvDÏxb LjRx m¤ú`kvjx wn›`y‡`i Dci Pvc m„wó K‡ib| A_©‰bwZKfv‡e `ye©j n‡q covq
wn›`yMY we‡`ªvn Kivi K_v ej‡Z †M‡j Avi fve‡ZI cv‡iwb| wRqvDÏxb eviYx n‡jb, Ò†PŠayix,
LyZ I gyKvÏgMY †Nvovq Pov, A¯¿ ivLv, wgwnKvco civ Ges cvb LvIqv †Q‡o w`‡Z eva¨
n‡qwQj|Ó Zv‡`i‡K K‡Vvi cwikªg K‡i RxweKv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡Zv|

ivR¯^ ms¯‹vi
iv‡óªi Avq evov‡bvi Rb¨ AvjvDÏxb LjRx ivR¯^ ms¯‹vi K‡ib| AwfRvZ, miKvwi Kg©Pvix
cÖf…wZ‡K †h mKj f‚-m¤úwË `vb¯^iƒc †`Iqv n‡qwQj Zv wZwb ev‡Rqvß K‡ib| myjZv‡bi
wb‡`©‡k AcÖ‡qvRbxq e„wË, fvZv I RvqMxi eÜ Kiv nq| †Kvb †Kvb jv‡LivR I †`‡evËi
m¤úwË Ab¨vqfv‡e †fvM `Lj Kiv nw”Qj| myjZvb G mKj m¤úwË ev‡Rqvß K‡i G¸‡jvi
Dci Ki Av‡ivc K‡ib| iv‡óªi Av‡qi Drm wQj LvivR, hvKvr, wRwRqv, Lyg&m BZ¨vw`| f‚wgi
Dci Av‡ivwcZ K‡ii bvg ÔLvivRÕ| Rwgi De©iZv Abymv‡i Lviv‡Ri ZviZg¨ n‡Zv| †`vqve
cÖf…wZ De©i A‡ji f‚wgKi wba©vwiZ nq Drcbœ k‡m¨i A‡a©K| Rwg Rwic K‡i LvRbv avh©
1
Kivi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq gymjgvbMY‡K Av‡qi 2 % hvKvr w`‡Z n‡Zv| my¯’, mej I cÖvßeq¯‹
2
A_©vr hy׶g Agymjgvb cyi“l cÖRv‡`i Dci ÔwRwRqvÕ bvgK Ki Av‡ivwcZ wQj| bvix, wkï,
weKjv½, e„× I cy‡ivwnZMY Aek¨ wRwRqv Ki cÖ`vb Kiv †_‡K gy³ wQj| hy×jywÉZ m¤ú‡`i
1
Ask ivóªxq †KvlvMv‡i Rgv n‡Zv| G‡K ejv n‡Zv ÔLygymÕ| ivóªxq Ki †`Iqvi e¨vcv‡i †KD
5
dvuwK w`‡Z cvi‡Zv bv| myjZv‡bi K‡Vvi e¨e¯’v MÖn‡Yi d‡j ivóªxq †KvlvMvi c~Y© wQj| f‚wgi
e`‡j ivRKg©Pvix‡`i bM` †eZb †`Iqv n‡Zv|

mvgwiK ms¯‹vi
AvjvDÏxb LjRx mvgwiK wefv‡MI ms¯‹vi mvab K‡ib| wZwb GK wekvj ¯’vqx ˆmb¨evwnbx M‡o
†Zv‡jb| ˆmb¨‡`i bM` †eZb †`Iqv n‡Zv| wZwb ˆmb¨evwnbx‡K A¯¿-k‡¯¿ mymw¾Z K‡ib|
Zv‡`i‡K Dchy³ cÖwk¶Y †`Iqv nq| wZwb ˆmb¨‡`i we¯—vwiZ weeiYx ev †iwR÷vi ivLvi cÖ_v
Pvjy K‡ib| ˆmb¨MY hv‡Z ivóªxq †Nvov weµq K‡i Z`¯’‡j wbægv‡bi †Nvov †`Lv‡Z bv cv‡i
Zvi Rb¨ ivóªxq †Nvovi Mv‡q Ô`vMÕ †`Iqvi e¨e¯’v K‡ib| AvjvDÏxb LjRx g~j¨ wbqš¿Y cÖ_v
Pvjy K‡ib| wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbm c‡Îi `vg †eu‡a †`Iqv nq| †Kvb we‡µZv wba©vwiZ g~‡j¨i
AwaK `vg PvB‡j Zv‡K K‡Vvi kvw¯— †`Iqv n‡Zv| IR‡b Kg w`‡jI we‡µZv‡K K‡Vvi mvRv
†c‡Z n‡Zv| GK K_vq AvjvDÏxb LjRx kvmbe¨e¯’vi mKj wefv‡M cÖ‡qvRbxq ms¯‹vi mvab
K‡iwQ‡jb|

mvi-ms‡¶c AvjvDÏxb ˆ¯^ivPvix myjZvb wQ‡jb| Zvui kvmbe¨e¯’vi g~j j¶¨ wQj cÖRvi Kj¨vY mvab|
wZwb Avgxi I AwfRvZ‡`i we‡`ªv‡ni g~j KviY¸‡jv `~i K‡ib| wZwb ivR¯^ wefvM I
mvgwiK wefv‡M ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ms¯‹vi mvab K‡ib| wZwb g~j¨-wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v cÖeZ©b K‡ib|
cieZ©xKv‡ji kvmKMYI Zvui kvmbixwZ AbymiY K‡i‡Qb|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
199

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 10.5

ˆbe¨©w³K cÖkœ
1| fviZxq gymjgvb kvmK‡`i g‡a¨ me©cÖ_g ag© wbi‡c¶ kvmbe¨e¯’v cÖeZ©b K‡ib−
K. KzZzeDÏxb AvBeK|
L. kvgmDÏxb BjZzZwgm|
M. wMqvmDÏxb ejeb|
N. AvjvDÏxb LjRx|
2| AvjvDÏxb LjRx ivR¯^ ms¯‹vi K‡ib−
K. iv‡óªi Avq evov‡bvi Rb¨|
L. Avgxi‡`i A_©‰bwZKfv‡e `ye©j Kivi Rb¨|
M. wn›`y‡`i A_©‰bwZKfv‡e `ye©j Kivi Rb¨|
N. wekvj ˆmb¨evwnbx ivLvi Rb¨|
3| ÔwRwRqvÕ Ki w`‡Z n‡Zv−
K. mKj Agymjgvb ivRv‡`i|
L. hy׶g Agymjgvb cyi“l cÖRv‡`i|
M. mKj cÖRv‡`i|
N. mKj Agymjgvb‡`i|
4| ÔLygmÕ ej‡Z eySvq−
1
K. hy×-jywÚZ m¤ú‡`i Ask|
3
1
L. hy×-jywÚZ m¤ú‡`i Ask|
2
1
M. hy×-jywÚZ m¤ú‡`i Ask|
5
1
N. hy×-jywÚZ m¤ú‡`i Ask|
4

msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. AvjvDÏxb LjRxi kvmbe¨e¯’vi g~jbxwZ ms‡¶‡c eY©bv Ki“b|
2. AvjvDÏxb LjRxi ivR¯^ ms¯‹v‡ii msw¶ß weeiY w`b|
3. AvjvDÏxb LjRxi mvgwiK ms¯‹v‡ii msw¶ß eY©bv w`b|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
200

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

AvjvDÏxb LjRxi g~j¨wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v

cvV 6
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ AvjvDÏxb LjRxi g~j¨wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ wZwb c‡Y¨i evRvi wKfv‡e web¨¯— K‡ib Zvi we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ Zvui †eu‡a †`Iqv evRvi `i m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ c‡Y¨i mieivn wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ AvjvDÏxb LjRxi M„nxZ e¨e¯’v eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
g~j¨wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v
AvjvDÏxb LjRxi g~j¨wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| GwU wQj Zvui A_©‰bwZK ms¯‹v‡ii
AvIZvq GKwU cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c| wZwb GK wekvj ˆmb¨evwnbx M‡o †Zv‡jb| †gv½j‡`i
AvµgY cÖwZnZ Kiv Ges ivR¨we¯—v‡ii Rb¨ Zvui G evwnbxi `iKvi wQj| A_P †`‡k wQj ZLb
gy`ªvùxwZ| `w¶Y-fviZ †_‡K wecyj cwigvY A_© m¤ú` DËi fvi‡Z Avbvi Kvi‡Y G gy`ªvùxwZ
†`Lv †`q| wRwbmc‡Îi `i wQj Pov| myZivs miKvwi Kg©Pvix, we‡kl K‡i ˆmb¨MY †h †eZb
AvjvDÏxb LjRxi g~j¨wbqš¿Y †c‡Zv Zv w`‡q Zviv wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbm wKb‡Z cvi‡Zv bv| myjZvb ZvB GKUv Awfbe c_
e¨e¯’v AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| GwU Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡jb hv‡Z †eZ‡bi UvKvq Zviv cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨vw` wKb‡Z cv‡i| wZwb wRwbmc‡Îi
wQj Zvui A_©‰bwZK ms¯‹v‡ii `vg †eu‡a w`‡jb| LiP bv evwo‡q hv‡Z wZwb Zvui wekvj ˆmb¨evwnbx cyl‡Z cv‡ib g~jZ: †m
AvIZvq GKwU cÖ‡qvRbxq
c`‡¶c cÖ‡qvR‡bB Kiv nq G e¨e¯’v MÖnY| Zvui G e¨e¯’v Ôg~j¨wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’vÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
AvaywbKKv‡j mvaviYZ hy×Kvjxb ev hy×cieZ©x Ri“wi Ae¯’v mvgvj †`qvi Rb¨ g~j¨wbqš¿Y
e¨e¯’vi Avkªq †bqv nq| †gv½j AvµgY cÖwZnZ KiY I ivR¨R‡qi Rb¨ AvjvDÏx‡bi
ivRZ¡Kv‡ji cÖvq †MvUvUvB Ri“wi Ae¯’vi †fZi w`‡q †K‡U‡Q| AvjvDÏxb ZvB A‡bKUv eva¨
n‡qB G g~j¨wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v cÖeZ©b K‡iwQ‡jb| G †gŠwjK cš’v D™¢ve‡bi Rb¨ cÖL¨vZ weªwUk
HwZnvwmK †÷bjx †jbcyj myjZvb‡K GKRb gnvb ivR‰bwZK-A_©bxwZwe` e‡j‡Qb|
g~j¨wbqš¿‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© myjZv‡bi GKUv Dw³ wRqvDÏxb eviYx Zvui ZvwiL-B-
myjZv‡bi †KvlvMvi c~Y© wQj|
wZwb UvKvi Afv‡ei Rb¨
wd‡ivRkvnx bvgK MÖ‡š’ D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| Dw³Uv GiKg: ÒAvwg hw` wecyj cwigvY A_© mvgwiK
g~j¨wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v cÖeZ©b evwnbxi †eZb eve` eivÏ Kwi Ges GKB nv‡i me©Î †eZb †`qvi †iIqvR eRvq ivL‡Z PvB,
K‡ib wb| fwel¨‡Zi K_v wPš— Zvn‡j eZ©gv‡b miKvix gvjLvbv c~Y© _vK‡jI cvuP-Qq eQ‡i Zv †kl n‡q hv‡e|Ó G Dw³Uv
v K‡i `~i`k©x myjZvb G we‡k−lY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, ˆmwbK I Ab¨vb¨ Kg©Pvwi‡`i GKUv wewae× nv‡i †eZb †`qv
e¨e¯’v wb‡qwQ‡jb n‡Zv| myjZv‡bi †KvlvMvi c~Y© wQj| wZwb UvKvi Afv‡ei Rb¨ g~j¨wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v cÖeZ©b K‡ib
wb| fwel¨‡Zi K_v wPš—v K‡i `~i`k©x myjZvb G e¨e¯’v wb‡qwQ‡jb|
c‡Y¨i evRvi web¨vm
myjZvb c‡Y¨i evRvi wZbfv‡M fvM K‡ib t
1. Pvj, Wvj, †Zj, byb cÖf…wZ †fvM¨ c‡Y¨i evRvi|
2. `vm-`vmx, Mi“, †gvl, †Nvov cÖf…wZi evRvi|
3. Kvco-†Pvco cÖf…wZi evRvi|
evRvi Z`viwK e¨e¯’v
evRvi wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ Ôkvnvbv-B-gwÛÕ I Ôw`Iqvb-B-wiqvmZÕ bvgK `yRb Kg©KZ©v wb‡qvM Kiv
nq| kvnvbv-B-gwÛ km¨ BZ¨vw` wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq c‡Y¨i evRvi Z`viK Ki‡Zb| w`Iqvb-B-
wiqvmZ Kvco-‡Pvco, f…Z¨, cï BZ¨vw`i evRvi wbqš¿Y Ki‡Zb| kvnvbv I w`Iqv‡bi Aax‡b
wbæc`¯’ AviI A‡bK Kg©Pvwi wQj| evRv‡i c‡Y¨i mieivn wbqwgZ Kiv, evRvi`i Z`viK
Kiv, IRb BZ¨vw` cix¶v Kiv wQj Zv‡`i KZ©e¨| e¨emvqxMY hv‡Z wbw`©ó g~‡j¨i AwaK `vwe
bv K‡i, IR‡b Kg bv †`q, evRvi †_‡K †fvM¨ cY¨ DavI K‡i K…wÎg msKU m„wó bv K‡i
†mw`‡K Zv‡`i m`v mRvM `„wó ivL‡Z n‡Zv| ¸ßP‡iiv Kg©Pvwi I e¨emvqx‡`i Kvh©Kjvc †R‡b
myjZv‡bi †MvP‡i Avb‡Zv|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
201

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

c‡b¨i g~j¨gvb wba©viY

myjZvb wewfbœ Av‡`k Rvix K‡i wRwbmc‡Îi `vg wb‡æv³fv‡e †eu‡a †`b t
cY¨ cwigvY `i
Mg 1 gY 1
7 wRZj
2
avb 1 gY 5 wRZj
Wvj 1 gY 5 wRZj
jeb 2.5 gY 5 wRZj
wPwb 1 †mi 1.5 wRZj
¸o 1 †mi .25 wRZj
wN 2.5 †mi 1 wRZj
†Zj 3 †mi 1 wRZj

Giƒcfv‡e kvKmâx, Uzwc, RyZv BZ¨vw` †_‡K ïi“ K‡i Mi“, †gvl, †Nvov, `vm-`vmx BZ¨vw`i
`vg †eu‡a †`qv n‡qwQj| GKUv `y‡aj Mvfxi `vg 4 UvKv Ges GKUv DbœZ gv‡bi †Nvovi `vg
120 UvKv wba©viY Kiv n‡qwQj| e¨emvqx‡`i wba©vwiZ g~‡j¨ cY¨ wewµ Ki‡Z n‡Zv| Gi
e¨wZµg wQj kvw¯—‡hvM¨ Aciva|
mieivn e¨e¯’v I Ab¨vb¨ c`‡¶c
AvjvDÏxb LjRx cY¨ mieiv‡ni Dci †Rvi w`‡qwQ‡jb| GRb¨ wewfbœ ¯’v‡b ivRKxq km¨vMvi
¯’vcb Kiv nq| G¸‡jv‡Z km¨ Rgv Kiv n‡Zv Ges cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv ivRavbx‡Z mieivn Kiv
IR‡b Kg w`‡j we‡µZvi n‡Zv| w`j−xi Avk-cv‡ki MÖvg¸‡jv †_‡K bM` A‡_©i cwie‡Z© Drcbœ dm‡ji gva¨‡g ivR¯^
kixi †_‡K mgcwigvY gvsm Av`vq Kiv n‡Zv| G¸‡jv Rgv Kiv n‡Zv w`j−xi ivóªxq km¨vMv‡i | K…lKMY `kg‡Yi †ewk km¨
†K‡U †bqv n‡Zv ivL‡Z cvi‡Zvbv| e`vDb †Zvi‡Yi †fZi Aew¯’Z Ômi-B-Av`jÕ bvgK evRv‡i mKj iKg cY¨
wewµ n‡Zv| e¨emvqx‡`i bvg ZvwjKvfz³ Kiv n‡Zv| ZvwjKvfz³ e¨emvqxMY Qvov Avi †KD
cY¨ wewµ Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv bv| IR‡b Kg w`‡j we‡µZvi kixi †_‡K mgcwigvY gvsm †K‡U †bqv
n‡Zv|
djvdj
AvjvDÏxb LjRxi g~j¨wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v m¤ú~Y© mdj n‡qwQj| Afv‡ei mgqI RbmvaviY
D”Pg~‡j¨i Pvc Abyfe K‡iwb| Afv‡ei mgq Lv`¨k‡m¨i mywbw`©ó eivÏ (rationing) wba©viY
AvjvDÏxb LjRxi g~j¨wbqš¿Y Kiv n‡Zv| †m mgq GKRb e¨w³i Kv‡Q Ava g‡Yi †ewk km¨ wewµ Kiv n‡Zv bv| †jbcyj g‡b
e¨e¯’v m¤ú~Y© mdj n‡qwQj K‡ib Kg©Pvix I ˆmb¨‡`i mv‡_ mv‡_ RbmvaviYI myjZv‡bi g~j¨wbqš¿Y c×wZ Øviv DcK…Z
n‡qwQj| wRqvDÏxb eviYxi g‡Z, evRv‡i k‡m¨i AcwiewZ©Z g~j¨ wQj hy‡Mi we¯§q| †Kvb †Kvb
HwZnvwmK g‡b K‡ib, AvjvDÏxb LjRxi g~j¨wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v ïay ivRavbx w`j−x‡ZB mxgve×
wQj| hw` ZvI nq Zvn‡jI ivRavbxi cÖfve mvgªv‡R¨i Ab¨vb¨ A‡jI cov ¯^vfvweK|
mvi-ms‡¶c AvjvDÏxb LjRxi ivRZ¡Kv‡j `w¶Y fviZ †_‡K cÖPzi A_© DËi fvi‡Z Av‡m| G‡Z †`‡k
gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q| AvjvDÏxb LjRxi GK wekvj ˆmb¨evwnbxi cÖ‡qvRb wQj| wZwb hv‡Z Kg
Li‡P GB ˆmb¨evwnbx cyl‡Z cv‡ib †mRb¨ g~j¨wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v cÖeZ©b K‡ib| wZwb
wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨vw`i `i †eu‡a †`b| GRb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K Kg©Pvix wb‡qvM K‡ib|
Kg©PvixMY evRvi Z`viK Ki‡Zv| Z`viwK myôzfv‡e n‡”Q wKbv Zv †`Lvi Rb¨ ¸ßPi wQj|
we‡µZvMY IR‡b Kg w`‡j Ges avh©K…Z `‡ii AwaK `vwe Ki‡j K‡Vvi kvw¯— †c‡Zv| Afv‡ei
mgq †µZvMY wbqwš¿Z nv‡i km¨ wKb‡Z cvi‡Zv| †Kvb cY¨ A‰eafv‡e ¸`vgRvZ Kiv †h‡Zv
bv| AvjvDÏxb LjRxi g~j¨wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v mdj n‡qwQj|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
202

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 10.6

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| AvjvDÏx‡bi mvgªv‡R¨ gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q−
K. †gv½j Avµg‡Yi Rb¨|
L. wekvj ˆmb¨evwnbx M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨|
M. `w¶Y fviZ †_‡K wecyj ab iZœ DËi fvi‡Z Avbvi Rb¨|
N. Drcv`b K‡g hvIqvi Rb¨|
2| †jbcyj AvjvDÏxb‡K AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib−
K. gnvb ivR‰bwZK A_©bxwZwe`|
L. gnvb ivRbxwZK|
M. gnvb A_©bxwZwe`|
N. gnvb we‡RZv|
3| myjZvb c‡Y¨i evRvi fvM K‡ib−
K. `yB fv‡M|
L. wZb fv‡M|
M. Pvi fv‡M|
N. cvPu fv‡M|
4| IR‡b Kg w`‡j we‡µZv‡K kvw¯— †`qv n‡Zv−
K. g„Zz¨`Û †`qv n‡Zv|
L. hve¾xeb Kviv`Û †`qv n‡Zv|
M. nvZ †K‡U †djv n‡Zv|
N. we‡µZvi kixi †_‡K mgcwigvY gvsm †K‡U †bqv n‡Zv|
msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. AvjvDÏxb LjRx c‡Y¨i evRvi †hfv‡e web¨¯— K‡ib Zvi msw¶ß eY©bv w`b|
2. AvjvDÏxb LjRx KZ©„K †eu‡a †`qv evRvi `i m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶c wjLyb|
3. c‡Y¨i mieivn wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ AvjvDÏxb KZ©„K M„nxZ e¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡c eY©bv
w`b|
P‚ovš— g~j¨vqb-10 : iPbv g~jK cÖkœ
1. RvjvjDÏx‡bi ivRZ¡Kv‡ji ¸i“Z¡c~Y© NUbv¸‡jv eY©bv Ki“b|
2. wKfv‡e AvjvDÏxb LjRx Zuvi kvmb ¶gZv my`„p K‡ib, †m m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`b|
3. AvjvDÏxb LjRxi DËi-fviZ weR‡qi NUbvejx Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
4. AvjvDÏxb LjRxi †mbvcwZ gvwjK Kvdz‡ii `w¶Y fviZ Awfhv‡bi we¯—vwiZ weeiY w`b|
5. AvjvDÏx‡bi kvmb ms¯‹v‡ii weeiY w`b|
6. AvjvDÏxb LjRxi g~j¨wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
DËigvjv
cvV 10.1 t 1. K 2. N 3. M 4. L
cvV 10.2 t 1. K 2. M 3. L 4. N
cvV 10.3 t 1. K 2. M 3. L 4. N
cvV 10.4 t 1. N 2. L 3. K 4. M
cvV 10.5 t 1. N 2. K 3. L 4. M
cvV 10.6 t 1. M 2. K 3. L 4. N

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
203