BDwbU

Dcgnv‡`‡k BD‡ivcxq‡`i AvMgb I Bs‡iR

kvm‡bi m~Pbv 5
f‚wgKv
hyMhyM a‡i Dcgnv‡`‡ki mv‡_ ¯’j I Rjc‡_ BD‡ivcxq e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i †hvMv‡hvM wQj| KviY Dcgnv‡`‡ki ab-
m¤ú‡`i AvKl©Y we‡`wk‡`i G A‡j Avm‡Z AvMÖnx K‡i †Zv‡j| d‡j we‡`wk ewYK‡`i g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv ïiæ
nq| wKš‘ ZLb Rjc‡_i evwYR¨ ïay Avie ewYK‡`i nv‡ZB wQj| c‡bi kZ‡Ki †k‡li w`‡K cvðvZ¨ †_‡K
Dcgnv‡`‡k †cuŠQevi bZzb Rjc_ Avwe®‹Z … nIqvi d‡j Dcgnv‡`k I `wÿY-c~e© Gwkqvi e›`img~n n‡Z wewfbœ
`ªe¨vw` mivmwi BD‡ivcxq e›`‡i †cuŠQv‡Zv| Gfv‡e Dcgnv‡`‡ki mv‡_ BD‡iv‡ci cÖZ¨ÿ †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vwcZ nq
Ges Dcgnv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m GK bZzb hy‡Mi m~Pbv K‡i; hv cieZx©Kv‡j Dcgnv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡mi aviv‡K cwieZ©b
K‡i AvaywbK hy‡Mi m~Pbv K‡iwQj| G BDwb‡Ui mswkøó cv‡V BD‡ivcxq‡`i AvMgb, cjvkxi hy×, e·v‡ii hy×,
w`Dqvwb jvf I ˆØZkvmb cÖf…wZ welq Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 2 mßvn

cvV-5.1 BD‡ivcxq‡`i AvMgb

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ
 Dcgnv‡`‡ki mv‡_ BD‡iv‡ci evwYwR¨K †hvMv‡hvM m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 BD‡ivcxq ewYK‡`i AvMgb m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Dcgnv‡`‡k BD‡ivcxq ewYK‡`i AvMg‡bi d‡j †h cÖwZwµqv m„wó n‡qwQj Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cZ©ywMR, ev_©jwgD w`qvR, Avjfv‡iÄ K¨veªvj, fv‡¯‹v-`¨-Mvgv, KvwjKU, †PŠj,
gyL¨ kãgvjv
†ev¤^vB, mvj‡mwU, †ewmb, †KvwPb, †Mvqv, `gb, w`D, ûMwj, evwYR¨ KzwV|
cZ©ywMR
evwYR¨‡K g~jab K‡i cZz©Mvj †_‡K cZ©ywMRiv G Dcgnv‡`‡k Avm‡jI µ‡g Zuviv mvgªvR¨ we¯Ív‡ii ¯^cœ
†`‡L| cZ©ywMR bvweK fv‡¯‹v-`¨-Mvgvi Dcgnv‡`‡k Avmvi ciciB cZ©ywMRiv G †`‡k Avm‡Z ïiæ K‡i| Gici
1487 wLª÷v‡ã ev_©jwgD w`qvR, Avjfv‡iÄ K¨veªvj I 1509 wLª÷v‡ã AvjeyKvK© †Mvqv‡Z AvMgb K‡ib|
AvjeyKvK© Dcgnv‡`‡k cZ©ywMR-kw³i cÖK…Z cÖwZôvZv wQ‡jb| Kj¤^vm Ges g¨vwRjvbI weL¨vZ cZ©ywMR bvweK
wQ‡jb| Dcgnv‡`‡k Avmvi Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B Zuviv G‡`‡ki cwðg DcK‚‡ji KvwjKU, †PŠj, †ev¤^vB, mvj‡mwU,
†ewmb, †KvwPb, †Mvqv, `gb, w`D cÖf…wZ e›`‡i, wmsn‡ji bvbv¯’v‡b Ges evsjvi ûMjx e›`‡i Zuv‡`i evwYR¨ KzwV
¯’vcb K‡ib| Zuv‡`i †bŠ I †mbvevwnbx Lye kw³kvjx wQj|
cZ©ywMRiv evsjv‡`‡ki PÆMÖv‡gI evwYR¨ KzwV ¯’vcb K‡i Ges KzwV¸‡jv‡K `y‡M© cwiYZ K‡i| cZ©ywMRivB cÖ_g
BD‡ivcxq huviv e¨emv-evwYR¨ I Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡R G‡`‡k my`~icÖmvix I ¯’vqx cÖfve †i‡L †M‡Q| my¯^v`y dj Avbvim,
†c‡c, †cqviv, RjcvB, Kvgiv½v cÖf…wZ ZuvivB G‡`‡k cÖPjb K‡i| cZ©ywMRiv Pxb, eªæbvB, gvjv°v, nigyR,
gvjØxc, kªxjsKv cÖf…wZ †`k †_‡K g~j¨evb Kvco, ev`vg, gmjv, is, Kwo, Kc~©i G‡b Dcgnv‡`‡k wewµ Ki‡Zv
Avi evsjv‡`k †_‡K m~wZ I †ikgx Kvco, cvU, ZvgvK, Pvgov, Pvj, Wvj, wN, †Zj, gay †gvg Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k wb‡q †hZ|
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

fv‡¯‹v-`¨-Mvgv AvjeyK©vK

cZ©ywMRiv †Kej e¨emv-evwYR¨B KiZ bv, Zviv G‡`‡ki Rwg`vi I cÖZvckvjx evi fu~Bqv‡`i †mbvevwnbx‡Z PvKix
KiZ| Avevi my‡hvM †c‡jB Ryjyg, AZ¨vPvi I jyÉb Ki‡Zv| A‡bK mgq mgªvU ev bev‡ei AvBb Agvb¨ K‡i webv
ï‡é ¯^vaxbfv‡e e¨emv PvjvZ| G‡Z Zuviv †gvMj mgªv‡Ui weivMfvRb nb|
cZ©ywMRiv AviI bvbv cÖKvi Acivag~jK KvR KiZ| Zuviv †Rvi K‡i G‡`‡kiB Amnvq evjK-evwjKv‡`i wLª÷vb
evbvZ| G‡`‡ki gvbyl‡K a‡i wb‡q `vm`vmxiƒ‡c wewµ Ki‡Zv we‡`‡ki evRv‡i| cZ©ywMR ˆmb¨iv †Rvi K‡i
G‡`‡ki †g‡q we‡q KiZ| Zv‡`i G Aciv‡ai gvÎv †e‡o †M‡j mgªvU kvnRvnvb cZ©ywMR‡`i G‡`k †_‡K weZvwoZ
K‡ib| mgªv‡Ui wb‡`©‡k Kvwmg Lvb Zv‡`i ûMjx KzwV †_‡K weZvwoZ K‡ib| me©‡kl evsjvi my‡e`vi kv‡q¯Ív Lvb
Zv‡`i PÆMÖvg I m›Øxc NuvwU `Lj K‡i wPiZ‡i G †`k †_‡K D‡”Q` K‡ib|

Ij›`vR ev WvP
nj¨v‡Ûi Awaevmx‡`i Ij›`vR ev WvP ejv nq| 1602 wLª÷v‡ã Ij›`vRiv Rjc‡_ Dcgnv‡`‡k Av‡m| cÖvP¨
evwY‡R¨ AvwacZ¨ we¯Ív‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ nj¨v‡Ûi GK`j ewYK ÔWvP B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbÕ MVb K‡i| Zviv KvwjKU,
bvMvcÆg, evsjvi PzuP‚uov I euvKzovq evwYR¨ KzwV ¯’vcb K‡i| GQvov ev‡jk¦i, KvwkgevRvi Ges eivbM‡iI Zv‡`i
KzwV wQj| cÖ_‡g Ij›`vRMY Bs‡iR‡`i mv‡_ †ikgx m~Zv, mywZ Kvco Pvj, Wvj †mviv I ZvgvK G‡`k †_‡K
ißvwb KiZ Ges Ab¨‡`k †_‡K G‡`‡k gmjv Avg`vwb KiZ| Bs‡iR‡`i mv‡_ Zv‡`i †h evwYR¨ Pzw³ nq Zv
`yÕeQ‡ii g‡a¨ †f‡½ wM‡q we‡iva †`Lv †`q| Ab¨w`‡K evsjvi kvmbKZ©v‡`i mv‡_I Zv‡`i cÖej we‡iva †`Lv
†`q| G we‡iva †ewk †e‡o †M‡j Bs‡iRMY Ij›`vR KzwV¸‡jv `Lj K‡i †d‡j| Avi Gfv‡e Ij›`vR‡`i evwYwR¨K
myweav m¤ú~Y© eÜ n‡q hvq Ges Zuviv Dcgnv‡`k †Q‡o gvj‡qwkqv I B‡›`v‡bwkqvq P‡j hvq| †mLv‡b Zuviv
Dcwb‡ek ¯’vcb K‡i| d‡j G‡`‡k Bs‡iR‡`i kw³ †e‡o hvq| eZ©gvb B‡›`v‡bwkqv Ij›`vR‡`i KvQ †_‡K wØZxq
wek¦h‡y ×i ci msMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g ¯^vaxbZv AR©b K‡i|

w`‡bgvi
†Wbgv‡K©i Awaevmx‡`i w`‡bgvi ejv nq| 1616 wLª÷v‡ã w`‡bgviMY Dcgnv‡`‡k evwYR¨ Kivi Rb¨ Ôw`‡bgvi B÷
BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbÕ MVb K‡i Ges `wÿY fvi‡Zi wÎev¼z‡i I KjKvZvi kªxivgcy‡i Zv‡`i evwYR¨ KzwV ¯’vcb K‡i|
Ae‡k‡l w`‡bgviMY †Kv‡bv cÖKvi evwYwR¨K mdjZv QvovB G‡`k †_‡K wPiZ‡i we`vq †bq|

Bs‡iR‡`i AvMgb I ÿgZv we¯Ívi

cZ©ywMR I Ij›`vR ewYK‡`i evwYwR¨K mvdj¨ I G‡`‡ki wecyj ab-m¤ú‡`i eY©bv Bs‡iR ewYK‡`i g‡b G‡`‡k
evwYR¨ Kivi AvMÖn m„wó K‡i| Dcgnv‡`‡k ZLb †gvMj-mgªvU AvKe‡ii ivR‡Z¡i †kl mgq| 1600 wLª÷v‡ã B÷
BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb Bsj¨v‡Ûi ivbx GwjRv‡e‡_i KvQ †_‡K 15 eQi †gqv`x mb` wb‡q G‡`‡k evwYR¨ Ki‡Z Av‡m|

BDwbU 5 c„ôv 62
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq BwZnvm 1g cÎ

mgªvU Rvnv½x‡ii mg‡q Zviv 1612 wLª÷v‡ã gy¤^vB‡qi wbKU myiv‡U evwYR¨ KzwV ¯’vcb K‡i| 1615 wLª÷v‡ã Bs‡iR
ivR`~Z m¨vi Ugvm †iv mgªvU Rvnv½x‡ii `iev‡i G‡m Bs‡iR‡`i evwY‡R¨i Rb¨ wKQy myweav Av`vq K‡ib| Gici
gm&wjcƇg Bs‡iR‡`i wØZxq evwYR¨ KzwV ¯’vwcZ nq| cZ©ywMRiv evsjv †_‡K weZvwoZ n‡j Bs‡iRMY ev‡jk¦‡i
evwYR¨ KzwV ¯’vcb K‡i Ges KigÐj DcK‚‡j wKQy Rwg wb‡q GKwU `yM© wbg©vY K‡i Ges G `yM©B c‡i gv`ªvR kn‡i
cwiYZ nq| 1650 wLª÷v‡ã Rjc‡_ Bs‡iRMY ûMwj‡Z Av‡m Ges evsjvi my‡e`vi kvn myRvi AbygwZ wb‡q 1651
wLª÷v‡ã †mLv‡b evwYR¨ KzwV wbg©vY K‡i| 1658 wLª÷v‡ã Zviv KvwkgevRv‡i AviI GKwU KzwV ¯’vcb K‡i| Gici
ax‡i ax‡i Zviv XvKv I gvj`‡n KzwV wbg©vY K‡i kw³ evov‡Z _v‡K|
Gw`‡K Bsj¨v‡Ûi ivRv wØZxq Pvj©m cZz©Mv‡ji ivRvi †evb‡K we‡q K‡i gy¤^vB †hŠZzK wnmv‡e cvb| 1668 wLª÷v‡ã
Pvj©m evwl©K `k cvD‡Ûi wewbg‡q †Kv¤úvwb‡K gy¤^vB BRviv †`b| eZ©gvb gy¤^vB bMi I e›`i GLv‡bB M‡o D‡V|
1690 wLª÷v‡ã Re Pvb©K fvMxi_x b`xi Zx‡i 1200 UvKvi wewbg‡q KjKvZv, m~ZvbwU I †Mvwe›`cyi G wZbwU
MÖv‡gi Rwg`vix ¯^Z¡ wK‡b †bb| cieZ©xKv‡j Dcgnv‡`‡ki fvM¨ wba©viYKvix `yM© †dvU© DBwjqvg GLv‡bB wbwg©Z
nq| 1717 wLª÷v‡ã mgªvU diiæLwkqv‡ii AbygwZ wb‡q Bs‡iRMY evsjv, gv`ªvR I gy¤^vB‡q webv ï‡é Aeva evwYR¨
Ki‡Z _v‡K|
divwm
d«v‡Ýi Awaevmx divwmiv BD‡iv‡ci GKwU mymf¨ RvwZ| cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB divwm‡`i mv‡_ Bs‡iR‡`i we‡iva wQj
Ges eZ©gv‡bI Av‡Q| ivRZ‡š¿i weiæ‡× MYZš¿ ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ divwm wecøe GKwU AwZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© HwZnvwmK NUbv|
Dcgnv‡`‡k divwm‡`i AvMgb mevi †k‡l| 1664 wLª÷v‡ã divwm gš¿x †Kvjev‡U©i c„ô‡cvlKZvq Ôdivwm B÷
BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbÕ MwVZ nq Ges fviZe‡l© evwYR¨ ïiæ K‡i| cÖ_‡g Zviv gy¤^vB‡qi myiv‡U I c‡i cwÛ‡Pix‡Z KzwV
¯’vcb K‡i| Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B Zviv evsjvi P›`bbM‡i AviI GKwU KzwV ¯’vcb K‡i| GQvov KvwiKj, gmwjcÆg,
KvwkgevRvi Ges ev‡jk¦‡iI Zv‡`i KzwV wQj| divwmiv Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖvq GKk eQi evwYR¨ K‡i| Bs‡iRMY
1757 wLª÷v‡ã divwm‡`i P›`bbMi Ges 1760 wLª÷v‡ã cwÛ‡Pix KzwV `Lj K‡i †bq| ¯^‡`‡k Bs‡iR I
divwm‡`i g‡a¨ weev‡`i †Ri wn‡m‡e GLv‡bI weev` Pj‡Z _v‡K| wKš‘ Bs‡iRMY DbœZZi mvgwiK kw³ I
loh‡š¿i gva¨‡g Dcgnv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK
ÿgZv `Lj K‡i †bq| cici wZbwU KY©vUK
hy‡× divwmiv civwRZ n‡j divwm‡`i mvgªvR¨
I evwYR¨ we¯Ív‡ii ¯^cœ ¯^cœB †_‡K hvq| d‡j
Zv‡`i Dcgnv‡`k †_‡K we`vq wb‡Z nq|
Ab¨vb¨ †Kv¤úvwb
wewfbœ BD‡ivcxq ewYK‡`i evwYwR¨K mvd‡j¨
DrmvwnZ nq dvÛv‡m©i ewYKMY 'The Ostend
Company', myB‡W‡bi ewYKMY 'The
Swedish East India Company', Awֻqvi
ewYKMY 'The Austrian East India
Company' cÖf…wZ evwYwR¨K cÖwZôvb
Dcgnv‡`‡k evwYR¨ Ki‡Z Av‡m| wKš‘ Zviv fv‡¯‹v-`¨-Mvgvi cvK-fviZ AvMg‡bi c_v
†Zgb myweav Ki‡Z cv‡i wb|

wkÿv_©x K¬v‡m Dcgnv‡`‡k Bs‡iR kvm‡bi m~Pbvc‡e©i Dci GKwU wbeÜ

wkÿv_©xi KvR
wjL‡eb|

BDwbU 5 c„ôv 63
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

mvivsk
cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB ¯’j I Rjc‡_ BD‡iv‡ci †`k¸‡jvi mv‡_ evwYwR¨K m¤ú‡K© M‡o D‡VwQj| Dcgnv‡`‡k
Drcvw`Z mvgMÖx BD‡iv‡c mgv`„Z n‡Zv| ga¨hy‡M Avie ewYKMY `wÿY c~e© Gwkqv †_‡K G‡`kxq cY¨ BD‡iv‡ci
†fwbm, †R‡bvqv cÖf…wZ e›`‡i wb‡q †hZ| 1498 wLª÷v‡ã Avwd«Kvi DËgvkv AšÍixc AwZµg K‡i fv‡¯‹v-`¨-
Mvgv hLb Dcgnv‡`‡ki KvwjKU e›`‡i Dcw¯’Z n‡jb, ZLb Dcgnv‡`‡ki mv‡_ BD‡ivcxq †`k¸‡jvi evwYwR¨K
m¤úK© M‡o D‡VwQj| cieZ©xKv‡j GB Rjc_ w`‡qB cZ©ywMR, WvP, Bs‡iR, divwm, myBwWk, Aw÷ªqvb I Ab¨vb¨
BD‡ivcxq ewYKMY µgvš^‡q Dcgnv‡`‡k G‡m evwYR¨ KzwV ¯’vcb K‡iwQj|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-5.1
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| BD‡ivc †_‡K fvi‡Z Avmvi Rjc_ Avwe®‹vi K‡ib †K?
K) fv‡¯‹v-`¨-Mvgv L) ev_©jwgD w`qvR
M) Avjfv‡iÄ K¨veªvj N) Avj eyKvK©
2| Dcgnv‡`‡k cZ©ywMR kw³i cÖK…Z cÖwZôvZv †K?
K) ev_©jwgD w`qvR L) Avjfv‡iÄ K¨veªvj
M) AvjeyKvK© N) fv‡¯‹v-`¨-Mvgv
3| G †`‡ki Amnvq evjK evwjKv‡`i †Rvi K‡i wLª÷vb ev‡bvZv Kviv?
K) cZ©ywMRiv L) Ij›`vRiv
M) Bs‡iRiv N) divwmiv
4| †Kvb †gvMj mgªvU cZ©ywMR‡`i G †`k †_‡K weZvwoZ K‡ib?
K) AvKei L) Rvnv½xi
M) kvnRvnvb N) AvIi½‡Re
5| evsjvi PzPzov I evKuzovq evwYR¨ KzwV wbgv©Y K‡i Kviv?
K) cZ©ywMRiv L) Ij›`vRiv
M) Bs‡iRiv N) divwmiv
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
ievU© d«vwÝm bvgK GK bvweK mgy`ª c‡_ Zvi †`k †_‡K ab m¤ú‡` cwic~Y© GKUv †`‡k Avmvi Rjc_ Avwe®‹vi
Kivi ci Zvi †`‡ki e¨emvqxiv D³ †`‡k e¨emv Ki‡Z G‡m mvgªvR¨ we¯Ív‡ii w`‡K Sz‡K c‡o| Zv‡`i AbymiY
K‡i Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki e¨emvqxivI D³ †`‡k evwYR¨ Ki‡Z Av‡m| Ab¨vb¨ †`k †_‡K AvMZ e¨emvqx‡`i mv‡_
cÖwZØw›ØZvq ievU© d«vw݇mi †`‡ki e¨emvqxiv civwRZ n‡q GK mgq †`kwU Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ nq|
K. †Kvb †`‡ki Awaevmx‡`i cZ©ywMR ejv nq? 1
L. B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvbxi cwiPq w`b| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki †`‡ki e¨emvqx‡`i g‡Zv †Kvb †`‡ki e¨emvqxiv fvi‡Z evwYR¨ Ki‡Z G‡m mvgªvR¨ we¯Ív‡ii w`‡K
Sz‡K c‡o? e¨vL¨v Kiæb| 3
N. D³ †`‡ki †h bvweK fvi‡Z Avmvi Rjc_ Avwe®‹vi K‡ib, Zvi AvMg‡bi Kvwnbx we‡kølY Kiæb| 4

BDwbU 5 c„ôv 64
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq BwZnvm 1g cÎ

cvV-5.2 wmivRD‡ÏŠjv I cjvkxi hy×

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ
 evsjvi †kl ¯^vaxb beve wmivRD‡ÏŠjv m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 cjvkxi hy‡×i KviYmg~n eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 cjvkxi hy‡×i djvdj¸‡jv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kãgvjv Avjxe`©x Lvb, wMwiqvi hy×, Av‡gbv, gqgybv, N‡lwU

Dcgnv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m Avjxe`©x Lvb we‡kl D‡jøL‡hvM¨ e¨w³Z¡| Zuvi

cÖK…Z bvg wgR©v gyn¤§` Avjx Ges wZwb wQ‡jb ZzwK© es‡ki|
cÖ_‡g wZwb wenv‡ii kvmbKZ©v wQ‡jb Ges c‡i ¯^xq †hvM¨Zv e‡j wMwiqvi hy‡×
evsjvi beve midivR Lvb‡K nZ¨v K‡i evsjv, wenvi I Dwol¨vi bevex (1740
wLª.) jvf K‡ib| Zuvi ivRZ¡Kv‡ji D‡jøL‡hvM¨ NUbv n‡jv gvivVv I eMx©‡`i `gb
Kiv| wZwb Bs‡iR‡`i m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb I mRvM wQ‡jb|
Avjxe`©x Lv‡bi †Kv‡bv cyÎ wQj bv; wQj Av‡gbv, gqgybv I N‡lwU bv‡g wZb Kb¨v|
gqgybv I Av‡gbvi `yB cyÎ wQj; wKš‘ N‡lwU †eM‡gi †Kv‡bv cyÎ wQj bv| Avjxe`©x
Lvb Av‡gbvi cyÎ wmivRD‡ÏŠjv‡K AZ¨šÍ †¯œn Ki‡Zb G Kvi‡Y Zuv‡KB Zuvi
RxweZKv‡j evsjvi beve c‡` g‡bvbxZ K‡i hvb| wmivR 1733 wLª÷v‡ã Rš§MÖnY
K‡iwQ‡jb Zuvi wcZvi bvg wgR©v gyn¤§` nvwmg gBbyÏxb Lvb| 1756 wLª÷v‡ã beve beve wmivRD‡ÏŠjv
Avjxe`©x Lv‡bi g„Zz¨ n‡j wmivRD‡ÏŠjv evsjv wenvi I Dwol¨vi gmb‡` Av‡ivnY
K‡ib|

cjvkxi hy‡×i KviY

cjvkxi hy‡×i †cQ‡b †ek K‡qKwU KviY wQj wb‡P Zv
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv
wmiv‡Ri weiæ‡× lohš¿
wmivRD‡ÏŠjvi wmsnvmb Av‡ivnb‡K Avjxe`x© Lv‡bi Aci `yB
Kb¨v mn‡R †g‡b wb‡Z bv †c‡i loh‡š¿i Rvj eyb‡Z ïiæ
K‡ib| G‡Z BÜb †hvMvb N‡lwU †eM‡gi †`Iqvb ivRv
ivRejøf| wmivRD‡ÏŠjv †KŠk‡j Zuvi Lvjv N‡lwU †eMg‡K
cÖvmv‡` bRiew›` K‡ib I LvjvZ fvB kIKZ R½‡K hy‡×
civwRZ I wbnZ K‡i c~wY©qv `Lj K‡ib| †dvU© DBwjqvg `yM©
wmivRD‡ÏŠjvi weiæ‡× cvwievwiK lohš¿ e¨_© n‡jI cÖvmv`
lohš¿ bZzbfv‡e ïiæ n‡jv| GKw`‡K ivR`iev‡ii cÖfvekvjx †`kxq ivRb¨eM© I Aciw`‡K Bs‡iR †ewbqviv|
lohš¿Kvix‡`i g‡a¨ wn›`y gymjgvb Dfq m¤úÖ`v‡qi †jvK RwoZ wQj| Giv wmiv‡Ri weiæ‡× cÖwZwbqZ lohš¿ K‡i
hvw”Qj|

BDwbU 5 c„ôv 65
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B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvbx I Bs‡iR‡`i Aeva¨Zv: evsjvq evwYR¨iZ Bs‡iR ewYK m¤úÖ`vq wmiv‡Ri wmsnvm‡b
Av‡ivn‡bi ci cÖPwjZ wbqg Abyhvqx Dc‡XŠKb cÖ`vb wKsev †mŠRb¨ mvÿvr ch©šÍ K‡i wb; G‡Z bev‡ei cÖwZ
Bs‡i‡Ri Aeva¨ZvB cÖKvk cvq| d‡j wmivR Acgvb‡eva K‡ib|

bev‡ei Av‡`k Agvb¨: beve Avjxe`©x Lv‡bi mg‡q Bs‡iRMY evwYR¨ Kivi AbygwZ †c‡jI `yM© wbg©vY Kivi
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Agvb¨ K‡i| d‡j beve Zv‡`i Dci AZ¨šÍ ÿzä nb|
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beve Bs‡iR‡`i cÖwZ µz× n‡q D‡Vb|
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cjvkxi hy×
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4 Ryb GK weivU ˆmb¨ evwnbx wb‡q †KvjKvZv
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bev‡ei G AZwK©Z Avµg‡Y fxZ n‡q Mfb©i
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nb (20 Ryb 1756 wLª.) AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi ci
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n‡qwQj| Ryb gv‡mi cÖPÐ Mi‡g G‡`i g‡a¨ cjvkxi hy×

BDwbU 5 c„ôv 66
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weiæ‡× Bs‡iR‡`i‡K D‡ËwRZ Kivi Rb¨ GwU GKwU KwíZ-Kvwnbx gvÎ|
AvjxbM‡ii mwÜ
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nb Ges m‡½ m‡½ cÖavb †mbvcwZ gxi Rvdi‡K †W‡K cvVvb Ges evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv iÿvi Rb¨ gxi Rvdi‡K
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civg‡k© beve hy× weiwZi Av‡`k w`‡q weivU fzj K‡ib|

BDwbU 5 c„ôv 67
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

iYK¬všÍ beve evwnbx hLb ivw·Z wekªvgiZ ZLb gxi Rvd‡ii Bw½‡Z
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msMÖ‡ni †Póv K‡i e¨_© nb|
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bev‡ei cZ‡bi KviY

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n¯Í‡ÿ‡ci c_ cÖk¯Í nq|

BDwbU 5 c„ôv 68
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iwPZ nq|
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Rvdi‡K civwRZ K‡i mgMÖ Dcgnv‡`‡ki kvmbfvi MÖnY K‡i|
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cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-5.2
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| beve wmivRD‡ÏŠjv KZ wLª÷v‡ã gmb‡` e‡mb?
K) 1755 L) 1756 M) 1757 N) 1758
2| ÔAÜKzc nZ¨vÕ bvgK Kí Kvwnbxi RbK †K?
K) njI‡qj L) †WªK M) ievU© K¬vBf N) IqvUmb
3| cjvkxi hy‡× Bs‡iR evwnbxi †mbvcwZ wQ‡jbÑ
K) IqvUmb L) K¬vBW M) wmb‡d« N) Kb©Iqvwjm
4| Dcgnv‡`‡k ga¨hy‡Mi †kl Ges AvaywbK hy‡Mi cËb nq KZ wLª÷v‡ã?
K) 1755 L) 1756 M) 1757 N) 1758
5| cjvkxi hy‡× bev‡ei civR‡qi KviY wQjÑ
i. gxi Rvdi I Zvi mn‡hvMx‡`i wek¦vm NvZKZv
ii. bev‡ei ivR‰bwZK A`~i`wk©Zv I wePÿYZvi Afve
iii. bev‡ei Acwic° mgiÁvb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii

BDwbU 5 c„ôv 69
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-5.3 ievU© K¬vBf

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ
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gyL¨ kãgvjv †KvU© Ae WvB‡iKUim, Gjvnvev` Pzw³,

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evwYR¨iZ B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb †kl ch©šÍ kvm‡Ki gh©v`v jvf K‡i|
1764 wLª÷v‡ã kvmb ms¯‹vi
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Pi‡g D‡V| G Ae¯’vq Bsj¨v‡Ûi KZ…©cÿ cybivq jW© K¬vBf‡K c~Y© ÿgZv `vb K‡i wØZxqevi evsjvq †cÖiY K‡i|
(1765-67 wLª.)| Kv‡RB G‡`‡k G‡m Zuvi cÖavb KvR n‡jv ÔAvf¨šÍixY ms¯‹viÕ mvab Kiv| G D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb
KwZcq e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡ib|
cÖ_gZ: wZwb †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©Pvix‡`i c‡ÿ mKj cÖKvi Dcnvi ev Dr‡KvP MÖnY G‡Kev‡i wbwl× K‡ib|
wØZxqZ: wZwb †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©Pvix‡`i e¨w³MZ e¨emv‡qi AwaKvi m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wbwl× K‡ib| cvkvcvwk †Kv¤úvwbi
ÿwZMÖ¯’ Aí †eZb‡fvMx Kg©Pvix‡`i jeY, mycvix Ges Zvgv‡Ki GK‡PwUqv e¨emv Kivi Rb¨ GKwU ÔevwYR¨ mwgwZÕ
MVb K‡ib| G cÖwZôv‡bi jf¨vsk D”P c`¯’ Kg©Pvix‡`i g‡a¨ ch©vq Abyhvqx fvM K‡i †`qvi e¨e¯’v ivLv nq|
GK‡PwUqv e¨emv‡qi d‡j wbZ¨-cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmc‡Îi `vg †e‡o hvq Ges †mB m‡½ Rbmvavi‡YiI `ytL `y`©kv
ev‡o| Ae‡k‡l G evwYR¨ mwgwZi KvRKg© cQ›` bv nIqvq Ô†KvU© Ae WvB‡iKUim&Õ K¬vBf‡K Zv cÖZ¨vnv‡ii wb‡`©k
†`b|
Z…ZxqZ: cjvkxi hy‡×i ci n‡Z ˆmb¨‡`i kvwšÍi mg‡qI wظY fvZv †`qv n‡Zv| †mbv-wefv‡Mi LiP Kgv‡bvi
D‡Ï‡k¨ jW© K¬vBf G fvZv eÜ K‡i w`‡j †mbvwe‡`ªvn †`Lv †`q| Z‡e Zv wZwb K‡Vvi nv‡Z `gb K‡ib| G‡Z
wZwb eûj cÖkswmZ nb|
Bs‡iR ÿgZvi cÖwZôvZv wn‡m‡e
wØZxq KY©vUK hy‡× civwRZ nIqvi ci Dcgnv‡`‡k Bs‡iR kw³
GK we‡kl `y‡h©v‡Mi ga¨ w`‡q AwZµg KiwQj| G `yw`©‡b K¬vBf
AvK©U `Lj K‡i `vwÿYv‡Z¨ Bs‡i‡Ri m¤§vb iÿv K‡ib| (1759
wLª.) Bs‡i‡Ri G weRq Dcgnv‡`‡k Zv‡`i ÿgZv cÖwZôvi c_
wb‡`©kK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
1757 wLª÷v‡ã ievU© K¬vB‡fi K‚UbxwZi Rb¨B cjvkxi cÖvšÍ‡i
Bs‡iR cZvKv D‡Ëvjb m¤¢e n‡qwQj| G weRq Bs‡iR kvm‡bi
wfwˇK mywbwð‡Zi w`‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hvq| cieZx©Kv‡j evsjvi G
A_©-m¤ú` I Rbej wPikÎæ divwm‡`i weiæ‡× e¨eüZ nq hv
evwYR¨ I mvgªvR¨ we¯Ív‡i Bs‡iR‡`i mnvqK n‡qwQj| jW© K¬vB‡fi w`Iqvwb jvf

BDwbU 5 c„ôv 70
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1765 wLª÷v‡ã ievU© K¬vBf mgªvU wØZxq kvn Avj‡gi mv‡_ Gjvnvev` Pzw³ ¯^vÿi Ki‡j B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb
evsjv, wenvi I Dwol¨vi w`Dqvwb jvf K‡i ˆØZ kvmb cÖeZ©b K‡i| ga¨eZx© ivR¨ wn‡m‡e †Kv¤úvwb I gvivVv‡`i
g‡a¨ A‡hva¨v ivR¨‡K cÖwZôv K‡i K¬vBf Bs‡iR we‡ivax kw³¸‡jvi weiæ‡×I GK kw³kvjx cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’v M‡o
†Zv‡jb| Dciš‘ fvZv cÖ`vb K‡i mgªvU I beve‡K wbqš¿‡Y Avbvi d‡j ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK w`K n‡Z GKK-
ÿgZvi AwaKvix n‡q e‡m| jW© K¬vBf Dcgnv‡`‡k Bs‡iR mvgªv‡R¨i cÖwZôvZvi gh©v`v †c‡jI evsjvq RvwjqvwZ
Ges Dr‡KvP MÖn‡Yi Aciv‡a ¯^‡`kevmx Zuvi weiæ‡× cvj©v‡g‡›U eû Awf‡hvM DÌvcb K‡ib| Ae‡k‡l cvj©v‡g‡›U
wb‡`©vl cÖgvwYZ n‡jI Bsj¨vÛevmxi wa°v‡i AwZô n‡q 1774 wLª÷v‡ã ¯^M„‡n K¬vBf AvZ¥nZ¨v K‡ib|
K…wZZ¡
ievU© K¬vB‡fi PvwiwÎK †`vl _vKv m‡Z¡I Dcgnv‡`‡k Bs‡iR kw³i †Mvovcˇb Zuvi Ae`vb A¯^xKvi Kiv hvq bv|
†Kv¤úvwbi Aax‡b mvgvb¨ †Kivbx wn‡m‡e K¬vBf G‡`‡k Zuvi Kg© Rxeb ïiæ Ki‡jI wbR †gav I cÖwZfve‡j jW©
Dcvax‡Z f‚wlZ nb Ges evsjvi Mf©b‡ii c`wU jvf K‡ib| wZwb Amxg mvnwmKZvi m‡½ `vwÿYv‡Z¨ Bs‡iR‡`i
msKUgq gyn~‡Z© AvK©U Awfhvb K‡i Zuv‡`i iÿv K‡ib| Zuvi K‚U‰bwZK eyw×i d‡j cjvkx‡Z evsjvi ¯^vaxbZvi m~h©
Wz‡e hvq| d‡j, G‡`‡k ewb‡Ki gvb`Ð ivR`‡Û cwiYZ nq| wØZxqevi Mfb©i wn‡m‡e wZwb mvgwiK I †e-mvgwiK
†ÿ‡Î ms¯‹vi mvab K‡i †Kv¤úvwbi Avf¨šÍixY Ae¨e¯’v I `ybx©wZ `~i K‡ib| wKš‘ kvmbKv‡R Zuvi `~i`wk©Zv bv
_vKvi d‡j ZuviB cÖewZ©Z ˆØZ kvmb G‡`‡ki Rb¨ Pig `y‡f©vM I g„Zz¨ †W‡K Av‡b| beve I mgªv‡Ui m‡½
eÜzZ¡g~jK ˆgÎx ¯’vcb Zuvi K‚U‰bwZK Áv‡bi Ab¨Zg cwiPvqK|
PwiÎ
ievU© K¬vBf GKRb mvnmx, w¯’ieyw×, `„p I Kg©Kzkj m¤úbœ Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix wQ‡jb, wKš‘ Zv m‡Ë¡I wZwb AZ¨šÍ
A_©‡jvjyc wQ‡jb Ges wbR I ¯^‡`‡ki ¯^v_©wmw×i †ÿ‡Î Zuvi †Kv‡bv mZZv‡eva, wePvi‡eva I bxwZ‡eva wQj bv|
†hgb t bev‡ei wbKU †_‡K Dr‡KvP MÖnY, DwgPuv‡`i mv‡_ Rvj-mwÜ ¯^vÿi, `¯ÍK e¨env‡i evsjvi m¤ú` AcniY
Ges Rbmvavi‡Yi Dci AZ¨vPvi-Drcxob cÖf…wZ KvR¸‡jv Zuvi Pwi‡Î Kj¼ Gu‡K w`‡q‡Q| G cÖms‡M cvwm©fvj
w¯úqvi e‡jb, ÒAi‡Y¨i cï-cÿxi †PvivB wkKvix‡K Ai‡Y¨i cÖvYx m¤ú‡`i iÿK Kiv nq|Ó Rb÷b e‡jb,
ÒDc‡XŠKb MÖn‡Yi e¨vcv‡i Avgv‡`i mvg‡b ¯^qs K¬vB‡fi m¤§vwbZ `„óvšÍ Av‡Q|ÓG mKj †`vl-ÎæwU _vKv m‡Z¡I G
K_v ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z nq ievU© K¬vBfB Dcgnv‡`‡k Bs‡iR mvgªv‡R¨i †Mvov cËb K‡iwQ‡jb| ZvB Dcgnv‡`‡ki
BwZnv‡m ievU© K¬vB‡fi bvg ¯§iYxq n‡q Av‡Q|
wkÿv_©xi KvR ievU© K¬vB‡fi Af¨šÍixY ms¯‹v‡ii weeiY w`‡Z †Póv Ki‡eb|

mvivsk
Dcgnv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m weªwUk mvgªv‡R¨i ¯’cwZ I cÖwZôvZv wnmv‡e jW© K¬vB‡fi bvg Awe¯§iYxq| †Kbbv cÖ_g
ch©v‡q wZwb `vwÿYv‡Z¨ †Kv¤úvwb‡K iÿv K‡ib; wØZxq ch©v‡q wZwb evsjv Rq K‡ib| Z…Zxq ch©v‡q wZwb beve I
mgªvU‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i mve©‡fŠg ÿgZvi AwaKvix nb Ges Bs‡iR kvm‡bi cÖwZôvZv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ jvf K‡ib|
K¬vB‡fi K…wZ‡Z¡i g~‡j Zuvi †ZR¯^xZv, mvnwmKZv, K‚Ueyw×Zv, Kg©KzkjZv we‡klfv‡e KvR K‡iwQj| wKš‘ Zv
m‡Z¡I wZwb m¤§vb cvb wb Zuvi wbR †`‡k| KviY wZwb wQ‡jb AwZkq A_©‡jvjyc, bxwZ‡eva weewR©Z GK gvbyl|
kvmb Kv‡RI Zuvi `~i`wk©Zv †`Lv hvq bv|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-5.3
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| Dcgnv‡`‡k Bs‡iR kvm‡bi cÖwZôvZv †K?
K) ievU© K¬vBf L) KvwU©qvi M) IqvUmb N) Kb©Iqvwjm

BDwbU 5 c„ôv 71
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2| KZ wLª÷v‡ã K¬vBf wØZxq evi evsjvq Av‡mb?

K) 1764 L) 1765 M) 1766 N) 1767
3| ÒAi‡Y¨i cï cÿxi †PvivB wkKvix‡K Ai‡Y¨i cÖvYx m¤ú‡`i iÿK Kiv nq|Ó Dw³wU K‡ib †K?
K) cvwm©fvj w¯úqvi L) Rb÷b M) Kb©Iqvwjm N) †nvw÷sm
DÏxcKwU c‡o 4 I 5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b|
cjvkxi hy‡×i ci †_‡K kvwšÍi mg‡qI ˆmb¨‡`i wظY fvZv †`qv n‡Zv| †mbv wefv‡Mi LiP Kgv‡bvi Rb¨
ˆmb¨‡`i G fvZv eÜ K‡i w`‡j †mbv we‡`ªvn †`Lv †`q|
4| DÏxc‡Ki †mbv we‡`ªvn `gb K‡ib †K?
K) KvwU©qvi L) gb‡iv M) K¬vBW N) IqvUmb
5| D³ †bZvi KzU †KŠk‡ji Kvi‡YBÑ
i. cjvkxi cÖvšÍ‡i Bs‡iR cZvKv D‡Ëvjb m¤¢e nq
ii. Bs‡iR kvm‡bi wfwË mywbwðZ nq
iii. †Kv¤úvbx evsjv wenvi Dwol¨vi w`Dqvbx jvf K‡i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii

cvV-5.4 gxi Kvwkg I e·v‡ii hy×

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ
 evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv iÿvi †kl cÖ‡PóvKvix wn‡m‡e beve gxi Kvwkg m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 e·vi-hy‡×i cUf‚wg ev KviY eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 e·vi hy‡×i ¸iæZ¡ ev djvdj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kãgvjv gxi Kvwkg, e·v‡ii hy×, wek¦vmNvZKZv, gmb`

cjvkxi hy‡× Bs‡iR‡`i mvnvh¨ Kivi cyi¯‹vi ¯^iƒc wek¦vmNvZK gxi Rvdi evsjvi gmb` jvf K‡ib|
wKš‘ ivR‡Kvl k~b¨ _vKvq gxi Rvdi Zuvi e¨w³MZ ¯^Y©vj¼vi, nxiv, RniZ I g~j¨evb AvmevecÎ wewµ
K‡i cÖwZkÖæZ †`o‡KvwU UvKv w`‡Z I `iev‡i Bs‡iR †iwm‡W›U ivLvi AbygwZ w`‡Z eva¨ nb| d‡j wZwb †`Dwjqv
n‡q Bs‡iR wbf©i n‡q c‡ob| Gw`‡K XvKv I c~wY©qvq †mbvwe‡`ªvn †`Lv †`q, K¬vB‡fi mvnv‡h¨ XvKvi we‡`ªvn `gb
Kiv nq| Z‡e e‡Kqv †eZ‡bi `vwe‡Z msNwUZ c~wY©qvi we‡`ªvn `gb m¤¢e nq wb| gxi Rvdi bevex †c‡jI cÖK…Z
ÿgZv cÖ‡qvM wKsev †fvM Kivi fvM¨ Zvi †Rv‡U wb| G Kvi‡Y gxi Rvdi D×Z Bs‡iR‡`i evsjv †_‡K weZvwoZ
Ki‡Z LvwbKUv cÖqvm †bb| wKš‘ Zvi A‡hvM¨Zv, Ij›`vR‡`i m‡½ cÎvjvc Ges cÖwZkÖæZ AwZwi³ A_© bv †`qvi
ARynv‡Z B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvbxi A¯’vqx Mfb©i f¨vb&wmUwUi cÖ¯Íveµ‡g gxi Rvdi‡K wmsnvmbPz¨Z Kiv nq (1760 wLª.)|
1760 wLª÷v‡ã Bs‡iRiv gxi Rvd‡ii RvgvZv gxi Kvwkg‡K evsjvi gmb‡` AwawôZ K‡ib| Aek¨ wZwbI
†Kv¤úvwb‡K A‡bK myweav`v‡bi kZ© mv‡c‡ÿ ÿgZv jvf K‡ib| gxi Kvwkg gxi Rvd‡ii g‡Zv Ac`v_©, A‡hvM¨ I
nxb Pwi‡Îi wQ‡jb bv| wZwb GKRb my`ÿ kvmK, `~i`kx© ivRbxwZwe` Ges ¯^vaxb‡PZv gvbyl wQ‡jb| Rbmvavi‡Yi
Kj¨v‡Yi cÖwZ wZwb m‡PZb wQ‡jb| ZvB wZwb Bs‡iR‡`i mv‡_ m¤§vbRbK Dcv‡q evsjvi ¯^v_© iÿv K‡i Avw_©K I
mvgwiK `ye©jZv KvwU‡q DV‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb, hv nxb Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix gxi Rvd‡ii c‡ÿ m¤¢e n‡q D‡Vwb| wKš‘ †kl

BDwbU 5 c„ôv 72
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ch©šÍ bvbvwea Kvi‡Y beve gxi KvwkgI evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv iÿv Ki‡Z e¨_© nb| ZvB e·v‡ii hy‡× Bs‡iR AvwacZ¨
Dcgnv‡`‡ki Mfx‡i cÖwZwôZ nq| d‡j evsjvi ¯^vaxb nIqvi †kl AvkvUzKz wb‡f hvq|
e·vi hy‡×i KviY
gxi Kvwkg evsjvi gmb‡` Av‡ivnY K‡iB eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb †h Bs‡iR‡`i mv‡_ fwel¨‡Z Zuvi msNl© mywbwðZ|
KviY gxi Kvwkg wQ‡jb- gxi Rvd‡ii †P‡q m¤ú~Y© wfbœ cÖK…wZi| Bs‡iR‡`i mv‡_ SMov Kivi B”Qv Zuvi bv
_vK‡jI Bs‡iR‡`i nv‡Z µxobK n‡q _vKvi g‡Zv nxb g‡bve„wË Zuvi wQj bv| ZvB wZwb cÖK…Z beve wn‡m‡e †`k
kvmb Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| d‡j wZwb †`k, RvwZ I ¯^xq ¯^v‡_© K‡qKwU c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡ib hv e·v‡ii hy‡×i Kvi‡Y
cwiYZ nq|
1. mZK©Zvg~jK c`‡ÿc MÖnY
ivRavbx ¯’vbvšÍi
`~i`„wó m¤úbœ wQ‡jb e‡j wmsnvm‡b e‡mB gxi Kvwkg Dcjwä Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb †h G‡`‡k Bs‡iR‡`i ivR‰bwZK-
n¯Í‡ÿc eÜ Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j fwel¨‡Z ZvivB †h G‡`‡ki fvM¨ weavZv n‡q `uvov‡e| ivRavbx‡Z Bs‡iR
†iwm‡W‡›Ui kvmbKv‡h© A‰ea n¯Í‡ÿc ¯^vaxb‡PZv gxi Kvwk‡gi wbKU Amnbxq wQj| ZvB cÖkvmb‡K Bs‡iR
cÖfvegy³ ivLvi Rb¨ wZwb gywk©`vev` †_‡K gy‡½‡i ivRavbx ¯’vbvšÍwiZ K‡ib Ges Pvicv‡k cwiLv-Lbb K‡i I `yM©
wbg©vY K‡i ivRavbxi wbivcËv wbwðZ K‡ib|
gxi Kvwk‡gi g‡b n‡qwQj †h Bs‡iRiv cybivq gxi Rvdi‡K evsjvi wmsnvm‡b emv‡Z cv‡i| myZivs Zuv‡K cÖ¯‘wZ
MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| ZvB Bs‡iR‡`i m¤¢ve¨ Avµg‡Yi †gvKvwejv Kivi Rb¨ gxi Kvwkg mvgiæ I gvK©vi bv‡g
`yÕRb BD‡ivcxq ˆmwb‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ wbR evwnbx‡K BD‡ivcxq mvgwiK c×wZ‡Z wkÿv `v‡bi e¨e¯’v K‡ib|
A¯¿k‡¯¿i e¨vcv‡i wZwb †Kv¤úvwbi wbqš¿Y n‡Z ¯^vaxb _vKvi Rb¨ gy‡½‡i Kvgvb, e›`yK I †Mvjveviæ` wbg©v‡Yi
e¨e¯’vI K‡ib|
wenv‡ii kvmbKZ©v ivgbvivq‡Yi Bs‡iR cÖxwZ I `ybx©wZ jÿ K‡i gxi Kvwkg Zuv‡K c`Pz¨Z I Zuvi m¤úwË ev‡Rqvß
Ki‡j gxi Kvwk‡gi G mg¯Í Kvh©vewj Bs‡iR‡`i g‡b Am‡šÍvl I m‡›`‡ni m„wó K‡i| d‡j Zv hy‡×i Ab¨Zg KviY
n‡q †`Lv †`q|
2. ev`kvnx digv‡bi Aegvbbv
1717 wLª÷v‡ã gyMj mgªvU diiæL wkqvi KZ…©K cÖ`Ë digvb e‡j †Kv¤úvwb webvï‡é evwYR¨ Kivi AwaKvi jvf
K‡i| wKš‘ G digvb Agvb¨ K‡i †Kv¤úvwbi A‡bK Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix Ô`¯ÍKÕ bvgK Qvoc‡Î gvj Avg`vwb ev
ißvwb evwYR¨ msµvšÍ K_vwU wjwL‡q webv ï‡é †Kv¤úvwbi gvj GK¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨¯’v‡b Avbv †bqv Ki‡Zv| G mg¯Í
Ô`¯ÍKÕ ¯^vÿ‡ii fvi beve †Kv¤úvwbi D”Pc`¯’ Kg©Pvwii Dci †`b| d‡j †`kxq ewYKMY e¨emv †ÿ‡Î AZ¨šÍ
ÿwZi m¤§yLxb nq Ges beve wb‡RI cÖvc¨ evwYR¨ ïé n‡Z ewÂZ n‡Z _v‡Kb|
3. Aeva evwY‡R¨i cÖPjb
A‰eafv‡e G AvšÍtevwYR¨ Pj‡Z _vKvq †`kxq ewYKiv Bs‡iR ewYK‡`i mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wU‡K _vK‡Z Amg_©
nq| gxi Kvwkg G wel‡q Mfb©‡ii Kv‡Q cÖwZev` Rvbv‡jb| wKš‘ beve cÖwZKvi bv †c‡q Bs‡iR I †`kxq e¨emvqx
wbwe©‡k‡l mKj e¨emvqx‡`i Dci †_‡K evwYR¨ ïé DwV‡q †`b| G‡Z bev‡ei ivR¯^ Avq K‡g †M‡jI †`kxq
ewYK‡`i mv‡_ we‡`wk ewYK‡`i Ab¨vq cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi c_ eÜ n‡q hvq| G bZzb e¨e¯’vi d‡j Bs‡iR‡`i ¯^v‡_©
AvNvZ jv‡M|
e·v‡ii hy×
cÖ_‡gB KjKvZv Bs‡iR KzwV‡ii Aa¨ÿ Gwj‡mi m‡½ bev‡ei msNl© ïiæ nq| Aa¨ÿ Gwjm nVvr cvUbv AvµgY
K‡i Zv `Lj K‡i †bb| d‡j eva¨ n‡q beve‡K Gwj‡mi weiæ‡× A¯¿aviY Ki‡Z nq| gxiKvwkg cvUbv n‡Z
Gwjm‡K weZvwoZ K‡i cvUbv cybiæ×vi Ki‡j †KvjKvZv-KvDwÝj bev‡ei weiæ‡× 1763 wLª÷v‡ã hy× †NvlYv
K‡i| †gRi GWvg‡mi †bZ…‡Z¡ Bs‡iRiv bev‡ei weiæ‡× GK weivU evwnbx †cÖiY K‡i| wKš‘ beve Zuvi ˆmb¨ msL¨v

BDwbU 5 c„ôv 73
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†ewk _vKv m‡Z¡I wMwiqv, Kv‡Uvqv I D`qbvjvi hy‡× (1763 wLª.) †kvPbxqfv‡e civwRZ n‡q A‡hva¨vq Avkªq MÖnY
K‡ib|
1763 wLª÷v‡ã hy× PjvKvjxb mg‡q Bs‡iRMY Avevi gxi Rvdi‡K cyZzj beve wn‡m‡e evsjvi wmsnvm‡b emv‡jb|
bZzb beve gxi Rvdi gxi Kvwkg KZ…©K RvixK…Z mKj †NvlYv I wewa cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i wb‡jb| G‡Z Bs‡iRiv Avevi
cÖgvY Ki‡jv †h ZvivB evsjvi mg¯Í ivR‰bwZK ÿgZvi Drm Ges beve evbv‡bvi I bvgv‡bvi gvwjK|
gxi Kvwkg civwRZ nIqv m‡Z¡I nvj Qv‡ob wb| AZtci gxiKvwkg A‡hva¨vi beve myRvD‡ÏŠjv I gyMj mgªvU kvn
Avj‡gi mnvqZvq 1764 wLª÷v‡ã Bs‡iR‡`i weiæ‡× GK Pig kw³ cixÿvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY K‡ib| wKš‘ wenv‡ii
e·vi bvgK ¯’v‡b wgwjZ evwnbx †gRi gb‡ivi nv‡Z †kvPbxqfv‡e civwRZ nq|
djvdj ev ¸iæZ¡
e·v‡ii hy× evsjv Z_v Dcgnv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m GKwU my`~icÖmvix dj G‡b w`‡qwQj| G hy× cjvkxi hy× A‡cÿv
A‡bK †ewk ¸iæZ¡ enb K‡i|
1. G hy‡× civR‡qi d‡j w`wjøi †gvMj mgªvU kvn Avjg Bs‡iR‡`i c‡ÿ †hvM`vb K‡ib|
2. A‡hva¨vi beve myRvD‡ÏŠjv †ivwnjvL‡Ð cvwj‡q †M‡jb|
3. gxi Kvwkg AvZ¥‡Mvcb Ki‡jb| Ae‡k‡l 1777 wLª÷v‡ã w`wjøi mwbœK‡U wZwb g„Zz¨ eiY K‡ib|
4. G hy‡×i d‡j gxi Kvwk‡gi Bs‡iR weZviY I ¯^vaxbZv iÿvi †kl Avkv-fimvUzKzI a~wjmvr nq Ges
Dcgnv‡`‡k Bs‡iR cÖfve I gh©v`v eû¸‡Y †e‡o hvq|
5. G hy‡×i d‡j Dcgnv‡`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ A‡jI webv evavq Bs‡iR AvwacZ¨ we¯Ív‡ii c_ D‡š§vwPZ nq|
6. †Kv¤úvwb A‡hva¨vi bev‡ei wbKU †_‡K Kviv I Gjvnvev` AÂj `yÕwU †K‡o †bq|
7. G hy‡× †Kej gxi Kvwkg civwRZ nb wb; ¯^qs mgªvU kvn Avjg I myRvD‡ÏŠjvI civwRZ n‡qwQ‡jb| d‡j
w`wjø †_‡K evsjv ch©šÍ mgMÖ DËi fviZ Bs‡iR‡`i Aax‡b P‡j hvq|
8. G hy‡×i d‡j K¬vBf w`wjø‡Z AvbyôvwbKfv‡e mgªv‡Ui KvQ †_‡K evsjv wenvi I Dwol¨vi w`Iqvbx (ivR¯^
Av`v‡qi KZ…©Z¡) jvf K‡ib| d‡j evsjvq Bs‡iR AwaKvi AvBbZ ¯^xK…Z nq I †Kv¤úvwb Amxg ÿgZvi
AwaKvix nq|
9. HwZnvwmK †Rg&m w÷‡dÝ e‡jb, Òe„wUk kw³i DrcwË wn‡m‡e Dcgnv‡`‡k cjvwki hy× A‡cÿv e·v‡ii hy×
AwaKZi ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|Ó KviY- gxi Kvwk‡gi civR‡qi m‡½ m‡½ evsjvi bevex Avgj †kl n‡q hvq Ges cieZx©
NUbvewj wQj Bs‡iR mvgªv‡R¨i we¯Ívi I msMV‡bi hyM|
wkÿv_©xi KvR e·v‡ii hy‡×i NUbvcÖevn avivevwnKfv‡e wjL‡eb|

mvivsk
cjvkxi cÖvšÍ‡i Bs‡iR‡`i mvnvh¨ Kivi cyi¯‹vi ¯^iƒc wek¦vmNvZK gxiRvdi evsjvi wmsnvmb jvf K‡iI cÖK…Z
beve n‡Z cv‡ib wb| Bs‡iR‡`i µgvMZ Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z AÿgZv cÖKvk Ki‡j Bs‡iR Mfb©i f¨vwÝUvU© 1760
wLª÷v‡ã gxi Rvdi‡K wmsnvmbPz¨Z K‡i Zuvi RvgvZv gxi Kvwkg‡K kZ© mv‡c‡ÿ evsjvi wmsnvm‡b emvb|
¯^vaxb‡PZv gxi Kvwkg Bs‡iR‡`i evsjvi ¯^v_© we‡ivax Kvh©Kjv‡ci weiæ‡× cÖwZev` Ki‡j Bs‡iRiv Zuv‡K
m‡›`‡ni †Pv‡L †`L‡Z ïiæ K‡i Ges †fZ‡i †fZ‡i wb‡RivI cÖ¯‘Z n‡Z _v‡K| G mgq Mfb©i Gwjm nVvr K‡i
cvUbv `Lj Ki‡j gxi Kvwkg Zv cybiæ×vi K‡ib| 1763 wLª÷v‡ã KjKvZv KvDwÝj hy× †NvlYv Ki‡j gxi
Kvwkg wMwiqv, D`qbvjv I Kv‡Uvqvi hy‡× Bs‡iR †mbvcwZ GWvg‡mi nv‡Z civwRZ nb| cieZx© mg‡q
A‡hva¨vi beve myRvD‡ÏŠjv I gyMj mgªvU wØZxq kvn Avj‡gi mvnvh¨ jvf K‡iI e·v‡ii hy‡× (1764 wLª.)
cybivq wZwb Bs‡iR †mbvcwZ †gRi gb‡ivi nv‡Z †kvPbxqfv‡e civwRZ nb| G hy‡× civR‡qi d‡j evsjvi
bev‡ei Aewkó gh©v`vUzKzI Aejyß n‡q hvq| 1765 wLª÷v‡ã gxiRvd‡ii g„Zz¨ n‡j Bs‡iRMY Zuvi cyÎ
bRgyD‡ÏŠjv‡K bvg gvÎ bevex w`‡jb e‡U, Z‡e cÖK…Z ÿgZv _vK‡jv †Kv¤úvwbi nv‡Z| cieZx© mg‡q mgªvU 26

BDwbU 5 c„ôv 74
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq BwZnvm 1g cÎ

jÿ UvKv ivR‡¯^i wewbg‡q †Kv¤úvwb‡K evsjvi wenvi Dwol¨vi w`Dqvbxi `vwqZ¡ †`b| Gfv‡e e·v‡ii hy‡×i ga¨
w`‡q P‚ovšÍfv‡e evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv Bs‡iRiv MÖvm K‡i|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-5.4
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| gxi Kvwkg KZ wLª÷v‡ã evsjvi wmsnvm‡b e‡mb?
K) 1760 L) 1761 M) 1762 N) 1763
2| KZ wLª÷v‡ã e·v‡ii hy× msNwUZ nq?
K) 1762 L) 1763 M) 1764 N) 1765
3| e·v‡ii hy‡× Bs‡iR‡`i †mbvcwZ wQ‡jbÑ
K) Gwjm L) gb‡iv M) GWvgm N) njI‡qj
4| gxi Kvwkg ivRavbx ¯’vbvšÍi K‡ib †Kv_vq?
K) gy‡½‡i L) cvUbvq M) KjKvZvq N) D`qbvjvq
DÏxcKwU c‡o 5 I 6 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b|
Bs‡iR‡`i GK‡PwUqv evwY‡R¨i weiæ‡× e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z wM‡q Bs‡iR I G †`wkq e¨emvqx wbwe©‡k‡l mKj
e¨emvqxi Dci †_‡K evwYR¨ ïé DwV‡q †`qv nq|
5| DÏxc‡Ki evwYR¨ ïé DwV‡q †`b †K?
K) gxi Kvwkg L) gxi Rvdi M) bRyg‡ÏŠjv N) ivgbvivqb
6| D³ beve ivRavbxi wbivcËv wbwðZ K‡ibÑ
i. ivRavbx gywk©`vev` †_‡K gy‡½‡i ¯’vbvšÍwiZ K‡i
ii. ivRavbxi Pviw`‡K cwiLv Lbb K‡i
iii. `yM© wbg©vY K‡i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii

cvV-5.5 †Kv¤úvwbi w`Dqvwb jvf I Gi djvdj

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ
 w`Dqvwb ej‡Z Kx eySvq Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 K¬vBf Kx fv‡e w`Dqvwb jvf Ki‡jb Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 K¬vB‡fi w`Dqvwb jv‡fi djvdj m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kãgvjv LvRbv, wePvi, cÖwZiÿv, cÖkvmb

cjvkxi hy‡× beve wmivRD‡ÏŠjv Ges e·v‡ii hy‡× beve gxiKvwkg civwRZ nIqvi ci Bs‡iR‡`i
MwZ‡iva Kivi g‡Zv kw³ I mvnm G‡`k †_‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wbwðý n‡q hvq| Avi ZLb †_‡KB evsjvi
kvmb e¨e¯’vq Bs‡iRiv mivmwi n¯Í‡ÿc ïiæ K‡i Ges evsjvi fvM¨weavZv n‡q hvq|
GLb cÖkœ n‡Z cv‡i †h wKfv‡e Bs‡iRMY GB mivmwi n¯Í‡ÿ‡ci ÿgZv jvf K‡i? G cÖms‡M ejv `iKvi †h, gyMj
kvmbZ‡š¿ cÖ‡`k kvm‡bi Rb¨ `yÕwU mgch©v‡qi c‡`i weavb wQj| GKwU myev`vix, Av‡iKwU w`Dqvwb| myev`vi I

BDwbU 5 c„ôv 75
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

w`Dqvb Dfq e¨w³B mivmwi w`wjøi mgªv‡Ui wbKU e¨w³MZfv‡e Revew`wn Ki‡Z eva¨ wQ‡jb| Zuviv G‡K Aci‡K
cÖkvmwbK †ÿ‡Î mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Zb, wKš‘ G‡K Ab¨‡K Zuvi Aaxb Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb bv| myev`v‡ii `vwqZ¡ wQj wePvi,
cÖwZiÿv I mvaviY cÖkvmb cwiPvjbv, Avi w`Dqv‡bi `vwqZ¡ wQj g~jZ ivR¯^ (LvRbv) kvmb| ZvB w`Iqvbx jv‡fi
A_© ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi KZ…©Z¡ jvf Kiv| †Kv‡bv cÖv‡`wkK kvmbKZ©v †hb †¯^”QvPvix I ¯^vaxbZvKvgx n‡q bv c‡o †m
D‡Ï‡k¨B G ÿgZv wefvR‡bi e¨e¯’v wQj| cÖkvmwbK `ÿZv AR©bI wQj GB e¨e¯’vi Avi GK jÿ¨|
gywk©`Kzjx Lv‡bi (1717 wLª.) myev`vix jvf ch©šÍ myev`vix I w`Dqv‡bi c` c„_K c„_K e¨w³i Dci b¨¯Í wQj|
gywk©`Kzjx LvbB cÖ_g whwb gyMj kvmbZvwš¿K cÖ_v f½ K‡i w`Dqv‡bi c`wUI wb‡R `Lj K‡i †bb| wKš‘ cieZx©
mg‡q †K‡›`ªi `ye©jZvi my‡hv‡M gywk©`Kzwj Lv‡bi cieZx© me myev`viMYB myev`vix I w`Dqvbxi c` GKÎxf‚Z
iv‡Lb| 1707 wLª÷v‡ã mgªvU AvIi½‡R‡ei g„Zz¨i ci my‡e evsjv cÖvq ¯^vaxbfv‡e kvwmZ n‡Z _v‡K|
gvivVv Drcv‡Zi Kvi‡Y AvjxeÏx© Lvb †K›`ª‡K ivR¯^ cvVv‡bv cÖvq eÜ K‡i †`b| wmivRD‡ÏŠjv I gxiRvd‡ii
Avg‡j †K›`ª‡K ivR¯^ †`qv m¤ú~Y© eÜ n‡q hvq| cjvkxi hy‡×i ci n‡Z †Kv¤úvwb wQj †`‡ki nZ©vKZ©v| †K›`ªxq
ivRbxwZ Z_v mgMÖ Dcgnv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ Ggbfv‡e cwiewZ©Z nw”Qj †h, my‡e evsjv Avevi Av‡Mi g‡Zv †ewk K‡i
ivR¯^ †K‡›`ª (w`wjø‡Z) cvVv‡e Ggb Avkv mgªvU kvn Avjg †Q‡oB w`‡qwQ‡jb| G cwiw¯’wZ‡Z mgªvU K‡qKevi
†Kv¤úvwb‡K evrmwiK wKQy Dc‡XŠK‡bi e`‡j evsjv, wenvi, Dwol¨vi w`Dqvwb MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Ki‡j †Kv¤úvwb
Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i|
Gw`‡K e·vi hy‡×i ci †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©Pvix‡`i g‡a¨ `ybx©wZ I wek„•Ljv Pi‡g DV‡j Ges evsjvi ivR‰bwZK
cwi‡ek Lvivc n‡j, Bs‡iR miKvi fxZ n‡q co‡jb| d‡j Bsj¨v‡Ûi KZ…©cÿ †Kv¤úvwbi `ybx©wZ `gb I ¯^v_©
e„w×i Rb¨ cybivq K¬vBf‡K jW© Dcvwa `vb K‡i evsjvq wØZxqevi †cÖiY K‡ib (1765-1767 wLª.)| G‡`‡k G‡mB
wZwb gxi Kvwk‡gi wgÎkw³ A‡hva¨vi beve myRvD‡ÏŠjv I w`wjøi mgªvU wØZxq kvn Avj‡gi cÖwZ bRi †`b| e·vi
hy‡×i ÿwZc~iY eve` 50 jÿ UvKv Ges Kviv I Gjvnvev` †Rjv `yÕwU †c‡q A‡hva¨vi bev‡ei mv‡_ wgÎZv ¯’vcb
K‡ib| Zvici wZwb w`wjøi `ye©j mgªvU wØZxq kvn Avj‡gi mv‡_ mwÜ ¯’vcb K‡ib| K¬vBf Kviv I Gjvnvev` †Rjv
`yÕwU I evrmwiK 26 jÿ UvKv Ki cÖ`v‡bi wewbg‡q mgªv‡Ui wbKU n‡Z evsjv, wenvi I Dwol¨vi w`Dqvwb jvf
Ki‡jb (1765 wLª÷v‡ã 12 AvM÷ B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb w`Dqvwb mb` jvf K‡i)|
djvdj I ¸iæZ¡
†Kv¤úvwbi w`K †_‡K evsjvi w`Dqvwb jvf wQj GK we‡kl ¸iæZ¡c~Y© c`‡ÿc|
cÖ_gZ: w`Dqvwb jvf wQj †Kv¤úvwbi Rb¨ GKwU weivU ivR‰bwZK weRq| Gi d‡j mgªvU I beve G‡Kev‡i
ÿgZvnxb n‡q Bs‡iR‡`i nv‡Zi cyZzj e‡b hvq| bev‡ei bv wQj ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi AwaKvi, bv wQj †mbv`j ivLvi
g‡Zv A_©ej| beve‡K bvggvÎ wmsnvm‡b ewm‡q †i‡L †Kv¤úvwbB mKj ÿgZv AwaKvi K‡i †bq| d‡j evsjvq
AvBbZ I Kvh©Z weªwUk kvmb `„pfv‡e cÖwZwôZ nq|
wØZxqZ: †Kv¤úvwbi w`Dqvwb jvf wQj †Kv¤úvwbi Rb¨ AviI GKwU weivU A_©‰bwZK weRq| Gi d‡j †Kv¤úvwb
wb‡Ri †`Dwjqv Ae¯’v n‡Z iÿv cvq| w`Dqvwb jv‡fi my‡hvM myweav Court of Directors-†K AewnZ Ki‡Z wM‡q
jW© K¬vBf e‡jb †h evsjv, wenvi, Dwol¨v †_‡K †h ivR¯^ cvIqv hv‡e Zv GZ †ewk †h, mgªvU I bev‡ei wba©vwiZ
fvZv I Ab¨vb¨ mvgwiK I †emvgwiK Lv‡Z mg¯Í e¨vq ev` w`‡jI †Kv¤úvwbi nv‡Z †bU Avq _vK‡e 12 †KvwU
UvKviI Dci (1765-66 wLª÷v‡ãi ivR¯^ wn‡me †_‡K)|
Z…ZxqZ: jW© K¬vBf Court of Directors-†K AviI Rvbvb †h, H DØ„Ë ivR¯^ †Kv¤úvwbi †MvUv evwYR¨ wewb‡qv‡Mi
Rb¨ h‡_ó| d‡j w`Dqvwb jv‡fi Av‡M G †`‡k evwYR¨ Kivi Rb¨ BD‡ivc n‡Z †Kv¤úvwb †h wecyj cuywR wb‡q
Avm‡Zv Zv w`Dqvwb jv‡fi ci eÜ n‡q hvq Ges e¨emvi mg¯Í cuywR cÖ‡`‡ki ivR¯^ n‡ZB msMÖn Kiv nq|
PZz_©Z: w`Dqvwb jv‡fi d‡j †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©Pvixiv evsjvq ïénxb Aeva evwY‡R¨i my‡hvM cvq| G‡Z †Kv¤úvwbi
Kg©Pvix‡`i A‡_©i †jvf w`b w`b evo‡Z _v‡K| Amy`ycv‡q ivR¯^ Av`vq I AvZ¥mvr Ki‡jI †Kv¤úvwbi KZ©viv
†Kv‡bv c`‡ÿc wb‡Zb bv| Gfv‡e A_©‰bwZK †kvl‡Yi d‡j G‡`‡ki gvby‡li †giæ`Ð †f‡½ hvq|

BDwbU 5 c„ôv 76
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq BwZnvm 1g cÎ

cÂgZ: w`Dqvwb jv‡fi ci evsjv †_‡K e¨vcKfv‡e A_© I m¤ú` Bsj¨v‡Û cvPvi n‡Z _v‡K| ZvB 1765 wLª÷v‡ã
evsjvi w`Dqvwb cÖK…Z A‡_© Bsj¨v‡Ûi wkí wecø‡ei †ÿÎ iPbv K‡i|

wkÿv_©xi KvR †Kv¤úvwbi w`Dqvbx jv‡fi Dci GKwU wbeÜ wjL‡eb|

mvivsk
e·v‡ii hy‡×i ci evsjv Z_v Dcgnv‡`‡k Bs‡iR‡`i w`Dqvwb jvf Bs‡iR cÖfzZ¡ ¯’vc‡bi BwZnv‡m GKwU ¸iæZ¡
I Zvrch©c~Y© NUbv| gxi Kvwk‡gi bevex jv‡fi Av‡MB K¬vBf Bsj¨v‡Û wd‡i hvb| wKš‘ Bsj¨vÛ KZ…©cÿ G‡`‡k
†Kv¤úvwbi `ybx©wZ `g‡bi I evwYwR¨K ¯^v_© iÿvi Rb¨ Avevi Zuv‡K jW© Dcvwa‡Z f‚wlZ K‡i wØZxq evi G‡`‡k
†cÖiY K‡i| K¬vBf evsjvq G‡m †`‡Lb †h e·v‡ii hy‡× wÎ-cÿxq kw³‡K AcÖZ¨vwkZfv‡e civwRZ Kivi d‡j
†Kv¤úvwbi GK‡kªYxi Kg©KZ©viv evsjv Qvov A‡hva¨v I w`wjø‡Z AvwacZ¨ ¯’vc‡bi K_v fve‡Q| K¬vBf AZ¨šÍ
ev¯Íe‡eva m¤úbœ wePÿY †jvK wQ‡jb| Ae‡k‡l wZwb w`Dqvwb jv‡fi gva¨‡g weªwUk kw³‡K G‡`‡k cÖwZwôZ
K‡ib| Bs‡iR‡`i GB w`Dqvwb jvf Kiv‡K evsjvi A_©‰bwZK †ÿ‡Î Ges Gi m~Î a‡i ivR‰bwZK †ÿ‡Î
Ôn¯Í‡ÿ‡ci mb`Õ ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| Bs‡iRiv Dcgnv‡`k cÖvq `yÕ†kv eQi kvmb K‡i| A‡bK HwZnvwmK ZvB,
Bs‡iR‡`i GB w`Dqvwb jvf Kiv‡K BwZnv‡mi GK hyMvšÍKvix NUbv e‡j eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-5.5
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| KZ wLª÷v‡ã †Kv¤úvwb evsjv wenvi Dwol¨vi w`Dqvwb jvf K‡i?
K) 1764 L) 1765 M) 1766 N) 1767
2| evrmwiK KZ UvKvi wewbg‡q †Kv¤úvbx w`Dqvwb jvf K‡i?
K) 24 jÿ L) 25 jÿ M) 26 jÿ N) 27 jÿ
3| †Kvb bev‡ei mgq †_‡K w`wjø‡Z ivR¯^ cvVv‡bv cÖvq eÜ n‡q hvq?
K) AvjxeÏx Lvu L) wmivR‡ÏŠjv M) gxi Rvdi N) gxi Kvwkg
4| †gvMj kvmbZvwš¿K cÖ_v f½ K‡i †K cÖ_g w`Dqvwbi c`wUI wb‡R `Lj K‡ib?
K) AvjxeÏ©x Lvu L) wmivRD‡ÏŠjv M) gxi Rvdi N) gywk©`Kzjx Lvub
5| B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvbxi w`Dqvwb jv‡fi d‡jÑ
i. evsjvq AvBbZ I Kvh©Z weªwUk kvmb `„pfv‡e cÖwZwôZ nq
ii. e¨emvi mg¯Í cyuwR cÖ‡`‡ki ivR¯^ †_‡KB msMÖn Kiv nq
iii. Bsj¨v‡Ûi wkí wecø‡ei †ÿÎ ˆZwi nq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
gvgyb GKRb cÖv‡`wkK myev`vi| †gvMj kvmbZ‡š¿ cÖ‡`k cÖkvm‡b `ywU mgch©v‡qi c` wQj| GKwU myev`vi Ab¨wU
w`Dqvb| myev`vi I w`Dqvb DfqB mivmwi mgªv‡Ui wbKU Revew`wn Ki‡Z eva¨ _vK‡Zb| Zviv G‡K Ab¨‡K
mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb; wKš‘ G‡K Ab¨‡K Zvi Aaxb Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb bv| myev`v‡ii `vwqZ¡ wQj wePvi cÖwZiÿv I
mvaviY cÖkvmb cwiPvjbv, Ab¨w`‡K w`Dqv‡bi `vwqZ¡ wQj ivR¯^ cÖkvmb| w`Dqv‡bi A_©B n‡jvÑ ivRZ¡ Av`v‡qi
KZ…©Z¡ jvf Kiv| †Kv‡bv cÖv‡`wkK kvmbKZv© †hb †m”QvPvix I ¯^vaxb n‡Z bv cv‡i †mB D‡Ï‡k¨B ÿgZv
wefvR‡bi GB e¨e¯’v Kiv nq| wKš‘ gvgybB cÖ_g myev`vi whwb †gvMj kvmbZvwš¿K GB cÖ_v f½ K‡i w`Dqv‡bi
c`wUI wb‡R `Lj K‡ib|

BDwbU 5 c„ôv 77
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

K. K¬vBf‡K KLb jW© Dcvax cÖ`vb Kiv nq? 1

L. Ònq wLª÷vag© MÖnY Ki A_ev g„Zz¨eiY KiÓÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki gvgy‡bi mv‡_ cvV¨ cy¯Í‡Ki †h myev`v‡ii mv`„k¨ cvIqv hvq, Zvi kvmb c×wZ e¨vL¨v Kiæb| 3
N. ÒBs‡iR‡`i w`Dqvwb jvf BwZnv‡mi hyMvšÍKvix NUbvÓÑ we‡kølb Kiæb| 4
cvV-5.6 ˆØZkvmb I wQqvˇii gš^šÍi
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ
 ˆØZ kvmb ej‡Z Kx eySvq Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 ˆØZ kvm‡bi djvdj m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wQqvˇii gš^šÍi Kx Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kãgvjv ˆØZ kvmb, wQqvˇi gš^šÍi, bvwhg, w`Dqvb

c~e©eZ©x cv‡V Avcbviv †R‡b‡Qb 1765 wLª÷v‡ã Bs‡iRiv Gjvnvev` Pzw³ e‡j w`Dqvwb jvf K‡i| G
mgq jW© K¬vBf evsjvi Mfb©i n‡q Av‡mb Ges G‡`‡ki cwiw¯’wZ ch©‡eÿY K‡i GK bZzb ˆØZ kvmb
bxwZ cÖe©Zb K‡ib| w`Dqvwb Ges wbhvgZ-GB wØwea kvmb Kv‡h©i `vq-`vwq‡Z¡i fvMvfvwM‡K ˆØZ kvmb e‡j| GB
e¨e¯’v Abyhvqx ivR¯^ Av`vq I †`k iÿvi fvi _v‡K †Kv¤úvwbi nv‡Z; Avi wbhvgZ ev wePvi I cÖkvmb wefv‡Mi
`vwqZ¡ _v‡K bev‡ei Dci| †Kv¤úvwbi mivmwi w`Dqvwbi `vwqZ¡ MÖn‡Y †ekwKQy Amyweav wQj| mivmwi w`Dqvwb
kvm‡bi Rb¨ †Kv¤úvwbi †h A_© I †jvK ej cÖ‡qvRb Zv Zv‡`i wQj bv| Dciš‘ G‡`kxq fvlv, AvBb Kvbyb m¤ú‡K©
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BDwbU 5 c„ôv 78
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq BwZnvm 1g cÎ

ÿgZv †_‡K †h‡Zv †Kv¤úvwbi nv‡Z| d‡j †iRv Lvb‡K Ggwb GK D™¢zZ Ae¯’v †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z nq Ges
RbmvaviYI GK AgvbywlK `ytL-`y`©kvi wkKv‡i cwiYZ nq| GiB d‡j 1176 e½v‡ã (1770 wLª.) evsjvq GK
fqven `ywf©ÿ †`Lv †`q hv wQqvˇii gš^šÍi bv‡g cwiwPZ|

BDwbU 5 c„ôv 79
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

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Pzw³i gva¨‡g ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi `vwqZ¡ Zuv‡`i nv‡Z †Q‡o w`‡Zb| †h‡nZz Avwgj‡`i PvKzixi †gqv` wQj ¯^í †gqv`x
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Avwgjiv Zuv‡`i‡KB ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi `vwqZ¡ w`Z| G‡Z K‡i Rwg`viiv BRviv`v‡i cwiYZ nq| d‡j evsjvi
RbRxeb Avwgj`vix e¨e¯’vq fxlYfv‡e ÿwZMÖ¯’ nq|
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ch©vqµ‡g Bsj¨v‡Û cvPvi n‡Z _v‡K; A_P ivR‡¯^i nvi cÖwZeQi evo‡Z _v‡K| †`Lv hvq †h c~wY©qv †Rjvi
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w`bvRcyi †Rjvi ivR¯^ evi jÿ UvKv †_‡K †e‡o wM‡q mËi jÿ UvKvq DbœxZ nq| m¤ú‡`i AwZwi³ GB ivR¯^
msMÖn Ki‡Z †iRv Lv‡bi Dci Pvc Av‡m| d‡j ivR¯^ msMÖn Ki‡Z †iRv Lvb‡K K‡Vvi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z nq|
d‡j A‡bK ciMbv n‡Z ivqZiv Avwgj‡`i AZ¨vPvi mn¨ Ki‡Z bv †c‡i Ab¨ RvqMvq cvwj‡q hvq ev †ckv
cwieZ©b K‡i|
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I h‡_”Qfv‡e ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi d‡j MÖvg¨Rxeb aŸsm n‡q hvq| Z`ycwi cici `yÕeQi Abve„wó I Livi d‡j 1176
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ewikvj, XvKv, dwi`cyi, †bvqvLvjx I PÆMÖv‡g we‡kl dmjnvwb bv nIqvq `ywf©‡ÿi cÖ‡Kvc †Zgb GKUv wQj bv|
ZvQvov ÔbvRvBÕ cÖ_vi cÖ‡Kvc †_‡K wb‡R‡`i iÿv Kivi Rb¨ K…l‡Kiv wf‡U gvwU †Q‡o cvjvq| ÔbvRvBÕ cÖ_vi A_©
wQj, †Kv‡bv GKRb ivR¯^ evKx †dj‡j †mB MÖv‡gi Ab¨ K…lK‡`i †mB ivR¯^ w`‡Z n‡Zv| gš^šÍ‡ii d‡j eû K…lK
gviv covq Zv‡`i e‡Kqv ivR‡¯^i `vwqZ¡ RxweZ K…lK‡`i Dci eZ©vq| GB `vwqZ¡ eB‡Z bv †c‡i eû K…lK Rwgi
¯^Z¡ †Q‡o cvB‡K cwiYZ nq| mvgwMÖKfv‡e K…wli AebwZ I Abve„wói d‡j 1770 wLª÷v‡ã A_©vr 1176 e½v‡ã
†`‡k †h `ywf©ÿ †`Lv †`q Zv BwZnv‡m ÔwQqvˇii gš^šÍiÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| G `ywf©‡ÿi wPý evsjvq cÖvq wek-cuwPk
eQi ch©šÍ we`¨gvb wQj|

BDwbU 5 c„ôv 80
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq BwZnvm 1g cÎ

`ywf©‡ÿi GK c‡ivÿ dj w`Dqvwb kvm‡bi Aemvb N‡U| †Kv¤úvwbi ivR‡¯^i Avq-K‡g hvq| evwY‡R¨iI g›`v †`Lv
†`q| ZvB †Kv¤úvwbi ¯^v_© iÿvi Rb¨ I evsjvi K…wl wkí‡K iÿvi Rb¨ wejv‡Zi cwiPvjK mfv ˆØZ kvmb †jvc
Kivi wm×všÍ †bb Ges Iqv‡ib †nw÷sm‡K wb‡`©k †`Iqv nq †h, GLb †_‡K †Kv¤úvwb †hb evsjvi ivR¯^ I kvm‡bi
cÖZ¨ÿ `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡i|
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Mfb©i wQ‡jb ZZw`b †iRv Lvb K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ gyMjx cÖ_vq kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ 1767
wLª÷v‡ã K¬vBf ¯^‡`‡k wd‡i †M‡j Zuvi ˆØZ e¨e¯’vq dvUj a‡i|

wkÿv_©xi KvR †Kv¤úvwbi ˆØZ kvm‡bi djvdj wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|

mvivsk
cjvkxi hy‡× weR‡qi ci Bs‡iR †ewbqviv G‡`‡k AvwacZ¨ we¯Ív‡ii †h cÖqvm ïiæ K‡iwQj, Zv‡`i w`Dqvwb I
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†`‡ki gvby‡li Dci ivR‡¯^i Rb¨ bvbvfv‡e AZ¨vPvi I Drcxob Ki‡Z _v‡K| wKš‘ bev‡ei nv‡Z †Kv‡bv ÿgZv
bv _vKvq Gi wePvi m¤¢e nq wb| d‡j †`‡ki e¨emv, evwYR¨, K…wl I wk‡íi `viæb ÿwZ nq| mvgwMÖKfv‡e K…wli
AebwZ, Dciš‘ Abve„wói d‡j 1770 wLª÷v‡ã (evsjv 1176 m‡b) †`‡k GK fqven `ywf©ÿ †`Lv †`q hv
BwZnv‡m ÔwQqvˇii gš^šÍiÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| Ae‡k‡l Gi Kzd‡ji †cÖwÿ‡Z 1772 wLª÷v‡ã ˆØZ kvmb e¨e¯’v
wejyß nq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-5.6
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| KZ wLª÷v‡ã ˆØZ kvmb e¨e¯’v Pvjy nq?
K) 1757 L) 1765 M) 1767 N) 1770
2| evsjvi ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi m¤ú~Y© `vwqZ¡ †`qv nq Kv‡K?
K) †iRv Lvub L) †mZve ivq M) bRgy‡ÏŠjv N) ivgbvivqY
3| KZ wLª÷v‡ã ˆØZ kvmb e¨e¯’v wejyß Kiv nq?
K) 1770 L) 1771 M) 1772 N) 1773
4| wQqvˇii gš^š‡Í i evsjvq KZ †jvK gviv hvq?
K) GK lôvsk L) GK cÂgvsk M) GK PZz_©vsk N) GK Z…Zxqvsk
5| KZ wLª÷v‡ã ievU© K¬vBf ¯^‡`‡k wd‡i hvb|
K) 1775 L) 1776 M) 1777 N) 1778

BDwbU 5 c„ôv 81
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
Rywji bvbv weªwUk‡`i ivRKg©Pvix wQ‡jb| gv‡qi Kv‡Q Rywj weªwUk kvm‡bi Mí ïbwQj| gv ej‡jbÑ ZLb evsjv
1176 mvj| jW© K¬vB‡fi ˆØZ kvm‡b gvbyl RR©wiZ| †Kv¤úvwbi nv‡Z `vwqZ¡nxb ÿgZv| ivR‡¯^i cwigvY A‡bK
evwo‡q †`qv n‡jv| DcwiD³ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y cici `yB eQi gv‡V †Kv‡bv dmj d‡j wb| bv †L‡q gviv
hvq evsjvi GK Z…Zxqvsk gvbyl| hviv †eu‡P wQ‡jb Zv‡`i‡K cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡jv g„Z gvby‡li LvRbv| d‡j DRvo
n‡q hvq MÖvg-evsjvi Rbc`| gv‡qi †PvL-Svcmv n‡q Av‡m| Rywj gv‡K _vwg‡q †`q|
K. KZ wLª÷v‡ã wQqvˇii gš^šÍi nq? 1
L. bvRvB cÖ_v Kx? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Rywji gv‡qi M‡íi mv‡_ cvV¨ cy¯Í‡Ki †m `ywf©‡ÿi mv`„k¨ Av‡Q Zv eY©bv Kiæb| 3
N. ÒˆØZ kvmb evsjvi A_©bxwZi †giæ`Ð †f‡½ w`‡qwQjÓÑ we‡kølY Kiæb| 4

DËigvjv
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 5.1 t 1| K 2| M 3| K 4| M 5| L
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 5.2 t 1| L 2| K 3| L 4| M 5| N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 5.3 t 1| K 2| L 3| K 4| M 5| N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 5.4 t 1| K 2| M 3| L 4| K 5| K 6| N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 5.5 t 1| L 2| M 3| K 4| N 5| N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 5.6 t 1| L 2| K 3| M 4| N 5| L

BDwbU 5 c„ôv 82