cwi‡ek evÜe I ‡UKmB gvQ Pv‡l ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³i e¨envi

W. †gv: AvgRv` †nv‡mb

evsjv‡`‡k RbmsL¨v e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ gv‡Qi Pvwn`vI e„w× cv‡”Q| GB µgea©gvb Pvwn`vi GKwU eo Ask c~iY n‡”Q PvlK…Z
gvQ Øviv| †`‡k †gvU grm¨ Drcv`‡bi 56.24% Av‡m gvQ Pvl †_‡K (2017-18)| gv‡Qi Drcv`b e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ Pvlxiv
AwaK Nb‡Z¡ gvQ Pvl Ki‡Q| AwaK Nb‡Z¡ gvQ Pv‡li Rb¨ ewa©Z nv‡i gv‡Qi Lv`¨ e¨eüZ n‡”Q| d‡j ¸bMZgvb m¤úbœ
grm¨ Lv‡`¨i Pvwn`v e„w× cv‡”Q| cvkvcvwk, AwaK Nb‡Z¡ Pv‡li d‡j gv‡Q wewfbœ ai‡Yi †ivM-evjvB e„w× cv‡”Q| G Rb¨
h_vh_ AwfÁZv bv _vKv m‡Ë¡I Pvlxiv wbwe©Pv‡i wewfbœ Gw›Uev‡qvwUK I Ab¨vb¨ ivmvqwbK `ªe¨vw` e¨envi Ki‡Q| D”P
Nb‡Z¡ gvQ Pv‡l wbqwgZ Lvgv‡ii cvwb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z nq| d‡j cÖPyi cwigvb eR© cwi‡e‡k G‡m weiæc cÖwZwµqvi m„wó
K‡i| ZvQvov, GK Lvgv‡i †iv‡Mi cÖv`yf©ve n‡j Zv Ab¨ Lvgv‡iI Qwo‡q c‡o| D`vniY¯^iæc, beŸB-Gi `k‡K Avgv‡`i
†`‡k evM`v wPswoi Avav wbweo Pvl ïiæ nq Ges AcwiKwíZfv‡e-Gi m¤úªmviY nq| ciewZ©‡Z GKwU Lvgv‡i fvBivm
†iv‡Mi cÖv`yf©ve n‡j Zv mg¯Í Lvgv‡i Qwo‡q c‡o| djkªwZ‡Z, evM`v wPswoi Avav wbweo Pvl Kvh©Z eÜ n‡q hvq| G mgm¨v
†_‡K DËi‡Yi Rb¨ gvQ Pv‡l †UKmB I cwi‡ek evÜe cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³ GKwU †UKmB I
cwi‡ek evÜe gvQ Pvl c×wZ hv Pxb, `wÿY †Kvwiqv,A‡÷ªwjqv, _vBj¨vÛ, B‡›`v‡bwkqv, gvj‡qwkqv, eªvwRj mn wewfbœ †`‡k
mdjZvi mv‡_ e¨eüZ n‡”Q| G c×wZ‡Z Lvgv‡ii cvwb cwieZ©‡bi †Zgb cÖ‡qvRb nq bv d‡j †ivM msµg‡bi m¤¢vebv K‡g
hvq| ZvQvov G‡ÿ‡Î A‡cÿvK…Z Kg cwigv‡b I Kg †cÖvwUbhy³ Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM K‡iB gv‡Qi Kvw•LZ Drcv`b cvIqv hvq|

wPÎ- cyKz‡i ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³|

ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³

gvQ Pv‡li †ÿ‡Î gvQ‡K †cÖvwUb mg„× Lvevi LvIqv‡bv nq| GB †cvÖwU‡bi cÖavb Dcv`vb n‡jv bvB‡Uªv‡Rb| gvQ‡K Lvev‡ii
gva¨‡g †h bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mieivn Kiv nq Zvi 70-80% gv‡Qi †`‡n e¨eüZ bv n‡q AM„nxZ Lv`¨, gj Ges wecvKxq eR©
wn‡m‡e cwi‡e‡k P‡j Av‡m, hv‡Z `~l‡Yi m„wó nq| GB Ae¨eüZ bvB‡Uªv‡Rb †_‡K A¨v‡gvwbqv ‣Zwi nq hv gv‡Qi Rb¨
welv³| cvwb‡Z we`¨gvb e¨vK‡Uwiqv A¨v‡gvwbqv I bvB‡Uªv‡Rb NwUZ eR©¨ e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i A_©vr wb‡R‡`i msL¨v e„w×
Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘,e¨vK‡Uwiqv e„w×i Rb¨ bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi cvkvcvwk Kve©‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq| G‡ÿ‡Î, cvwb‡Z hw` Kve©b mieivn
Kiv nq Z‡e e¨vK‡Uwiqvi Drcv`b e„w× cvq Ges AwaK cwigvb A¨v‡gvwbqv I bvB‡Uªv‡Rb NwUZ eR©¨ e¨vK‡Uwiqv KZ©„K
e¨eüZ nq| G‡Z cvwb‡Z A¨v‡gvwbqvi cwigvb `ªæZ K‡g hvq| Ab¨w`‡K AwaK msL¨vq Drcvw`Z e¨vK‡Uwiqv cvwb‡Z
we`¨gvb eR©¨, A¨vjwR, ‡cÖv‡Uv‡Rvqv, Ae¨eüZ Lv`¨, BZ¨vw`i mv‡_ wg‡k nvjKv ‣Re `jv (ev‡qvd¬K) •Zwi K‡i hv †cÖvwUb
mg„× Ges gvQ Lv`¨ wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i|

wPÎ- U¨vsK I cyKz‡i ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³‡Z wPswo Pvl|

ev‡qvd¬K-Gi MVb I cywógvb

ev‡qvd¬K n‡jv e¨vK‡Uwiqv, A¨vjwR, ‡cÖv‡Uv‡Rvqv, gv‡Qi gj, Ae¨eüZ Lv`¨ BZ¨vw`i mgvnvi| cÖ‡Z¨KwU d¬K nvjKvfv‡e
GK‡Î †j‡M _v‡K| e¨vK‡Uwiqv wbtm„Z wgDKvm ev wdjv‡g›Uhy³ AbyRxe ev B‡jKUªjvBwUK AvKl©‡Yi gva¨‡g ev‡qvd¬K -Gi
Dcv`vb¸‡jv ci¯úi nvjKvfv‡e hy³ _v‡K| ev‡qvd¬K g~jZ AvbyweÿwYK Z‡e eo¸‡jv Lvwj †Pv‡LI †`Lv hvq (wPÎ)|
ev‡qvd¬K-G 25-30% †cÖvwUb Ges 0.5-15% d¨vU _v‡K| ev‡qvd¬K wfUvwgb I wg‡bivj-Gi fvj Drm| ev‡qvd¬K
†cÖvev‡qvwUK wnmv‡eI KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|

wPÎ- ev‡qvd¬K|
ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³ †hfv‡e KvR K‡i

gvQ Pv‡l ev‡qvd¬K `ywU ¸iæË¡c~Y© KvR K‡i, 1. mieivnK…Z Lv`¨ †_‡K †h eR©¨ ‣Zwi nq Zvi e¨e¯’vcbv Kiv, Ges 2.
ev‡qvd¬K-Gi gva¨‡g gvQ‡K cywó mieivn Kiv| ¯^í cvwb cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³‡Z gvQ Pvl Kiv hvq (0.5-
1.0% cªwZw`b)| cvwb cwieZ©b bv Kivi d‡j mn‡RB ev‡qvd¬K •Zwi nq| G‡Z eR©¨ •Re c`v_© Ges cywó e¨e¯’vcbvi
myweav nq|

PvlKvjxb mieivnK…Z `vbv`vi Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi ga¨eZ©x mg‡q gvQ Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e ev‡qvd¬K MÖnY K‡i| A_©vr ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³i
GKwU eo myweav n‡jv gvQ Pv‡l m„ó eR© cywó c`v_© AbyRxeNwUZ †cÖvwU‡bi gva¨‡g cybivq gv‡Q e¨eüZ nq| cªK…Zc‡ÿ
Lv‡`¨i gva¨‡g ‡h bvB‡Uªv‡Rb gvQ‡K mieivn Kiv nq Zvi gvÎ 20-30% gv‡Qi †`‡n e¨eüZ nq| A_©vr, mieivnK…Z
bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi 70-80% eR© c`v_© wn‡m‡e cvwb‡Z P‡j Av‡m| ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³‡Z eR© bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi GKwU eo Ask
e¨vK‡Uwiqvi †Kv‡l hy³ nq| GB AbyRxeNwUZ ‡cÖvwUb MÖnY gv‡Qi e„wׇZ f~wgKv iv‡L| ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³‡Z Pv‡l gvQ I
wPswoi 20-30% AwZwi³ Drcv`b nq|

wPÎ- cvwb‡Z we`¨gvb ev‡qvd¬K-Gi cwigvc c×wZ|

‰Re wbqš¿K wnmv‡e ev‡qvd¬K-Gi e¨envi

ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³i Av‡iKwU myweav n‡jv Gi gva¨‡g †ivM m„wóKvix e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡K cÖwZnZ Kiv hvq| Avgv‡`i †`‡k wPswo Pvl
msµvgK †iv‡Mi gvivZ¡K we¯Ív‡i cÖfvweZ n‡”Q| G‡ÿ‡Î Gw›Uev‡qvwU‡Ki wbwe©Pvi e¨env‡ii d‡j †ivM Rxevby
Gw›Uev‡qvwU‡Ki cÖwZ cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv jvf Ki‡Q| Gi d‡j gvQ Ges gvbe ¯^v¯’¨ Df‡qB ûgwKi gy‡L c‡i‡Q| ev‡qvd¬K
cÖhyw³‡Z †h‡nZz Lvgv‡ii cvwb cwieZ©b Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv, †m‡nZz GK Lvgvi †_‡K Ab¨ Lvgv‡i †ivM msµg‡bi
m¤¢vebvI K‡g hvq| M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q †h †cÖvev‡qvwUK e¨vK‡Uwiqv ev‡qvd¬K U¨vs‡K ‡hvM Ki‡j Vibrio-Gi cwigvb 5
¸Y K‡g hvq| mKj cªKvi gvQ Pv‡l eR©¨ e¨e¯’vcbv GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| wKš‘ ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³†Z eR©¨ kãwU †bB| KviY,
GB c×wZ‡Z gv‡Qi eR©¨ Ges Dw”Qó Lv`¨ †_‡K †h bvB‡Uªv‡Rb ‣Zwi nq Zv †_‡K cybivq †cÖvwUbhy³ Lv`¨ •Zwi nq hv GKB
gvQ Lv`¨ wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i|

ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³‡Z Pv‡li Rb¨ Dchy³ cÖRvwZ

ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³‡Z gvQ Pv‡li †ÿ‡Î GKwU g~j welq n‡jv mwVK cÖRvwZ wbe©vPb| †h mKj gvQ gvB‡µvweqvj †cÖvwUb MÖnY
Ki‡Z cv‡i †m¸‡jv ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³‡Z Pv‡li Rb¨ fv‡jv| wbe©vwPZ gv‡Qi D”P gvÎvi KwVb c`v_© m¤^wjZ cvwb mn¨ ÿgZv
_vK‡Z n‡e| wPswo I ‡Zjvwcqv gvQ ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³i Rb¨ Dchy³| Mj`v wPswo, †fbvwg wPswo I †Zjvwcqvi †ÿ‡Î
ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i 20-30% Lv`ª mvkÖq Kiv m¤fe n‡q‡Q| Kvwc©I Ges iæB gv‡Qi ‡ÿ‡ÎI fv‡jv djvdj cvIqv
†M‡Q| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki D”P g~j¨ I Pvwn`v m¤úbœ gvQ †hgb- wks, cve`v, ¸jmvmn Ab¨vb¨ gvQ ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³‡Z Pv‡li
Rb¨ Dchy³ wKbv Zv M‡elYvi gva¨‡g Rvb‡Z n‡e|

ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³i cªKvi‡f`

ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³‡Z gvQ Pvl `yBfv‡e Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| evwn‡ii cÖvK…wZK Av‡jvq Db¥y³ c×wZ‡Z Ges N‡oi g‡a¨ Avf¨šÍixY
c×wZ‡Z| Db¥y³ c×wZi †ÿ‡Î Zjvq cwjw_b weQv‡bv cyKz‡i A_ev Db¥y³ ¯’v‡b ¯’vwcZ Uvs‡K gvQ Pvl Kiv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î
e¨vK‡Uwiqv I A¨vjwR ev‡qvd¬K-Gi cÖavb Dcv`vb _v‡K hv cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y eRvq iv‡L| wKQy †ÿ‡Î N‡oi wfZi ¯’vwcZ
U¨vs‡KI ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³‡Z gvQ Pvl Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, ‡m‡ÿ‡Î cÖvK…wZK Av‡jvi Drm _v‡K bv| G‡ÿ‡Î e¨vK‡UwiqvB g~jZ
cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y wbqš¿Y K‡i|

cvwbi wgkÖY I Aw·‡Rb mieivn

wbiwew”Qbœfv‡e cvwbi wgk&ªY ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³‡Z gvQ Pv‡li Rb¨ Acwinvh©| KwVb c`v_© (ev‡qvd¬K) memgq fvmgvb _vK‡Z
n‡e bZzev ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³ KvR Ki‡e bv| mve©ÿwYK fvmgvb bv _vK‡j ev‡qvd¬K Zjvq Rgv n‡e Ges Aw·‡Rb ¯^íZvi m„wó
Ki‡e| ev‡qvd¬K-Gi cwigvb †ekx n‡q †M‡j Zv cv‡¤úi mvnv‡h¨ AcmviY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| G c×wZ‡Z cyKzi ev U¨vs‡K
KwVb `ªe¨vw`i cwigvb †ekx _v‡K weavq Aw·‡R‡bi cwigvb ‡ekx _vK‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ Awew”Qbœ gwbUwis, Avjvg© I Riæwi
we`¨yZ mieiv‡ni e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|

ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³‡Z cvwbi A¨v‡gvwbqv e¨e¯’vcbv

gvP Pv‡l cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y e¨e¯’vcbvi GKwU eo welq n‡jv A¨v‡gvwbqvi cwigvb ÿwZKi ch©v‡qi wb‡P ivLv| ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³i
‡ÿ‡Î wZbwU c×wZ‡Z A¨v‡gvwbqv wbqwš¿Z nq- e¨vK‡Uwiqv Øviv e¨envi, A¨vjwR Øviv e¨envi Ges bvBwUªwd‡Kkb|

‣Re Drm †_‡K e¨vK‡Uwiqv Kve©b msMÖn K‡i| wbweo gvQ Pv‡l mieivnK…Z Lv‡`¨i Dw”Qóvsk ev gv‡Qi g‡ji cP‡bi d‡j
cvwb‡Z A¨v‡gvwbqv •Zwi nq| ZvQvov, †cÖvwU‡bi wecv‡Ki d‡jI cvwb‡Z A¨v‡gvwbqv hy³ nq| GB A¨v‡gvwbqvi Ask we‡kl
ci‡fvRx e¨vK‡Uwiqv e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i| GLb hw` cvwb‡Z Kve©‡bi cwigvb e„w× Kiv hvq Z‡e cvwb †_‡K AwaK cwigv‡b
A¨v‡gvwbqv MÖnY K‡i e¨vK‡Uwiqv e„w× cvq | KviY e¨vK‡Uwiqv wbw`ªó Abycv‡Z Kve©b I bvB‡Uªv‡Rb MÖnY K‡i, hv e¨vK‡Uwiqv
†Kv‡li Pvwn`v Ges MV‡bi Dci wbf©i K‡i| d‡j cvwb‡Z A¨v‡gvwbqvi cwigvY K‡g hvq| ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i
Db¥y³ c×wZ‡Z gvQ Pvl Ki‡j cvwb‡Z cÖPzi A¨vjwR R‡b¥ hv Lv‡`¨i Dw”Qóvsk ev gv‡Qi g‡ji cP‡bi d‡j Drcbœ cywó
`ªe¨vw` MªnY K‡i| ZvQvov bvBwUªwd‡Kmb c×wZ‡ZI gv‡Qi Rb¨ ÿwZKi A¨v‡gvwbqv RvwiZ n‡q bvB‡UªU-G (ïaygvÎ D”P
gvÎvq _vK‡j ÿwZKi) cwiYZ nq| Z‡e bvBwUªwd‡Kmb c×wZi †P‡q ci‡fvRx e¨vK‡Uwiqv KZ…K © A¨v‡gvwbqv e¨envi AwaK
Kvh©Kix|

AbyK~j Kve©b-bvB‡Uªv‡Rb AbycvZ eRvq ivLv

ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³i me‡P‡q ¸iæËc~Y© welq n‡jv AbyK~j Kve©b-bvB‡Uªv‡Rb AbycvZ eRvq ivLv| GKwU 30-35% †cÖvwUb mg„×
Lv‡`¨i Kve©b-bvB‡Uªv‡Rb AbycvZ nq 9-10:1| GB AbycvZ hw` 12-15:1 Kiv hvq Z‡e e¨vK‡Uwiqv KZ©„K A¨v‡gvwbqvi
e¨envi e„w× cvq| Lv‡`¨ †cÖvwU‡bi cwigvb Kgv‡bvi gva¨‡g Kve©b-bvB‡Uªv‡Rb AbycvZ evov‡bv hvq| ZvQvov cvwb‡Z mivmwi
Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU (Kve©‡bi Drm) mieiv‡ni gva¨‡gI Kve©b-bvB‡Uªv‡Rb AbycvZ evov‡bv hvq| G‡ÿ‡Î Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU mnR cÖvc¨
I ¯^í g~‡j¨i n‡Z n‡e, †hgb- ‡Svjv ¸o, Av‡Li †Qveov, Lo, Pv‡ji Kzuov, BZ¨vw`| wewfbœ cÖRvwZi Rb¨ wewfbœ Kve©b Drm
Lyu‡R †ei Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq M‡elYv cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³‡Z gvQ Pv‡li myweav I Amyweav

myweav

 cwi‡ek evÜe Pvl c×wZ|

 cwi‡e‡ki Dci ÿwZKi cÖfve Kg|
 Rwg I cvwbi m‡e©vËg e¨envi wbwðZ nq|
 cvwbi cwieZ©b mxwgZ A_ev G‡Kev‡iB †bB|
 D”P Drcv`bkxjZv cvIqv hvq|
 cvwbi `~lY I ‡ivM Qov‡bvi SzuwK Kgvq|
 ‡cÖvwUbmg„× Lv‡`¨i e¨envi Kgvq|

Amyweav

 cvwb‡K AweiZ Av‡jvwoZ Kiv Ges Aw·‡Rb mieiv‡ni Rb¨ AwZwi³ we`¨yZ LiP|
 ev‡qvd¬K •Zwii Rb¨ ïiæ‡Z wKQzUv mgq cÖ‡qvRb nq|
 evwn‡ii cÖvK…wZK Av‡jvq Db¥y³ c×wZ‡Z Pv‡li †ÿ‡Î cÖK…wZi Dci wbf©i Ki‡Z nq|
 G msµvšÍ M‡elYvjä h_vh_ Áv‡bi Afve|

Dcmsnvi

ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³ cwi‡ek evÜe I †UKmB| cvwb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z nq bv weavq GB c×wZ cvwb mvkÖqx Ges G‡Z •Re wbivcËv
wbwðZ nq| cyKzi ev U¨vs‡KB eR©¨ e¨e¯’vcbv nq weavq GB c×wZ cwi‡ek evÜe| ZvQvov eR©¨ †_‡K Lv`¨ •Zwi nq e‡j
A‡cÿvK…Z Kg cwigvb Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM K‡iB Kvw•LZ Drcv`b cvIqv hvq| Z‡e Avgv‡`i †`‡k cÖPwjZ cÖRvwZi †ÿ‡Î GB
cÖhyw³i cª‡qvM I Dbœq‡bi h_vh_ M‡elYvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| wKQz †ÿ‡Î h_vh_ M‡elYv Z_¨ QvovB GB cªhyw³‡Z †`‡k gvQ
Pv‡li cÖebZv †`Lv hv‡”Q| h_vh_ M‡elYvjä Ávb QvovB GB cªhyw³‡Z gvQ Pvl K‡i e¨_© n‡j cªhyw³wU m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li g‡b
weiæc cÖwZwµqvi m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| B‡Zvg‡a¨ e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb K…wl wek¦we`¨vj‡q ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³†Z gvQ Pvl wel‡q
M‡elYv Kvh©µg nv‡Z †bIqv n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k grm¨ M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU, wewfbœ wek¦we`¨vjq, grm¨ wefvM Ges mswkøó
Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZôvb‡K Ge¨vcv‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq Kvh©µg nv‡Z wb‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³B n‡Z cv‡i fwel¨r cwi‡ek evÜe
I †UKmB gvQ Pv‡li g~j PvweKvwV|

--------------------------------------

cÖ‡dmi, A¨v‡KvqvKvjPvi wefvM, e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb K…wl wek¦we`¨vjq, MvRxcyi