ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³ t grm¨Pv‡l m¤¢vebvi bew`MšÍ

Biofloc Technology : A Potential Window to Aquaculture

W. †gvt AvgRv` †nv‡mb1 I W. ivRy Avn‡g`2

Abstract
The rapid growth of aquaculture and projections of continued expansion necessary to meet future
protein demands depends upon increasing productivity without overburdening land and water
resources. To do this, the industry will need to apply sustainable technologies which minimize
environmental effects, and develop cost effective production systems which support economic and
social sustainability. Biofloc technologies can provide a major contribution towards meeting these goals
while producing high quality, safe, attractive and socially acceptable products. Biofloc technologies
facilitate intensive culture while reducing investment and maintenance costs and incorporating the
potential to recycle feed. The technology is based upon zero or minimal water exchange to maximize
bio-security while minimizing external environmental effects. Using artificial aeration to meet oxygen
demand and suspend organic particles, development of a heterotrophic microbial community is
encouraged in the pond. This diverse microbial community functions to mineralize wastes, improve
protein utilization and reduce opportunities for dominance of pathogenic strains. This technology can
increase as much as 10-20 times higher production than the existing culture practice. In the country like
Bangladesh, where land and water are very scarce, biofloc technology can open a new window in aquaculture.

µgea©gvb gv‡Qi Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z grm¨Pv‡li e¨vcK
m¤úªmvi‡Yi d‡j w`b w`b K…wlR Rwg I cvwbi Ici
Pvc µgvš^‡q e„w× cv‡”Q| K…wlR Rwg myiÿv I f~-Mf©¯’
cvwbi e¨envi Kgv‡Z miKv‡ii bxwZ GLb †ek
iÿYkxj| GgZve¯’vq †`‡ki wecyj Rb‡Mvôxi gv‡Qi
Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z grm¨Pv‡l we`¨gvb DbœZ-mbvZb ev
Avav-wbweo cªhyw³i Dbœqb NwU‡q AviI wbweo Pv‡li
w`‡K hvIqvi weKí †bB| cÖPwjZ wbweo Pv‡l wbqwgZ
Lvgv‡ii cvwb cwieZ©b Kivq cÖPzi eR©¨ cwi‡e‡k P‡j
Av‡m| AwaKš‘, wbweo Pv‡l Pvwliv wbw©e©Pv‡i wewfbœ
ivmvqwbK `ªe¨ I A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK e¨envi K‡i, hv
cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ gvivZ¥K ûgwK¯^iƒc| D”P Nb‡Z¡ wbweo
Pv‡l cÖPzi Lv‡`¨i cÖ‡qvRb nq| grm¨Lv‡`¨i AZ¨waK
g~j¨ e„w× grm¨Pv‡li LiP A‡bK evwo‡q w`‡q‡Q|
Avevi, fvBivm I Ab¨vb¨ RxevYyNwUZ †ivM gvQ I
wPswo Pv‡li Rb¨ gvivZ¥K SzuwK wn‡m‡e †`Lv w`‡q‡Q|
GgZve¯’vq GKwU cwi‡ekevÜe I †UKmB grm¨Pvl
cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³‡Z
gvrm¨Pv‡li gva¨‡g DwjøwLZ mgm¨vmg~n †_‡K DËiY
m¤¢e| evsjv‡`k GKwU Rbeûj ivóª weavq f~wg I cvwbi
myôz I m‡e©v”P e¨envi wbwðZ Kiv GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb|
†m‡ÿ‡Î ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³ grm¨Pv‡l bZzb w`MšÍ D‡b¥vPb
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
(†hgb- e¨vK‡Uwiqv, WvqvUg, †cÖv‡Uv‡Rvqv,
G¨vjwR, Ae¨eüZ Lv`¨, gv‡Qi gj Ges Ab¨vb¨
A‡giæ`Ðx I g„Z cÖvYx) Gi `jv (Aggregation)
(wPÎ 1)| GwU g~jZ †cÖvwUb, cwjm¨vKvivBW,
wnDwgK c`v_©, wbDwK¬K GwmW I wjwcW Gi
mgš^‡q MwVZ| ﮋ ev‡qvd¬‡K cÖvq 50% †cÖvwUb,
36% kK©iv, 1.15% Pwe©, 13.4% A¨vk,
12.6% µzW dvBevi, 1.28% K¨vjwmqvg,
1.3% dmdivm, 1.27% †mvwWqvg, 0.75%
cUvwkqvg I 0.41% g¨vM‡bwkqvg _v‡K (Kuhn
et. al., 2009)| ev‡qvd¬K‡K wdkwg‡ji weKí
wn‡m‡e grm¨ Lv‡`¨i Dcv`vb wn‡m‡eI e¨envi
Kiv hvq|
ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³i g~jbxwZ (Principle of Biofloc
Technology) : wbweo Pvl c×wZ‡Z cyKz‡i cÖPzi Lv`¨

ev‡qvd¬K Kx? (What is Biofloc?)

ev‡qvd¬K n‡jv †cÖvwUbmg„× ˆRe c`v_© I AYyRxe wPÎ 1t AYyexÿY h‡š¿i gva¨‡g ev‡qvd¬‡Ki ewa©Z iƒc
cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| Gme Lv`¨ D”PgvÎvi bvB‡Uªv‡Rb I
Kve©bmg„×| cÖ‡qvMK…Z Lv‡`¨i GKwU eo Ask gvQ Lvq
bv| Lv‡`¨ we`¨gvb Kve©b I bvB‡Uªv‡Rb Gi h_vµ‡g
gvÎ 15 I 25 fvM gv‡Qi kix‡i Kv‡R jv‡M
(Gwmwg‡jU nq)| evKx Ask Ae¨eüZ Lv`¨ I gv‡Qi
g‡ji mv‡_ cvwb‡Z †_‡K hvq, hv c‡P gv‡Qi Rb¨
ÿwZKi A¨v‡gvwbqv M¨v‡mi m„wó K‡i| cvwb‡Z we`¨gvb
†nUv‡ivUªwcK e¨vK‡Uwiqv cvwbi ˆRe I A‰Re
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb‡K (A¨v‡gvwbqv Ab¨vb¨ bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ
eR¨©) MÖnY K‡i wb‡R‡`i msL¨v `ªæZ e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i|
GRb¨ Zv‡`i bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi cvkvcvwk Kve©‡biI
cÖ‡qvRb nq|cvwb‡Z Kve©b I bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi AbycvZ
c‡bi Gi †ewk eRvq _vK‡j †nUv‡ivUªwcK
e¨vK‡Uwiqvi e„w× Z¡ivwš^Z nq| GB AbycvZ eRvq
ivLvi Rb¨ cvwb‡Z evwni †_‡K Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU (†hgb-
÷vP©, gq`v, †gvjv‡mm, Kvmvfv cÖf…wZ) mieivn Kiv
nq| cÖPzi cwigv‡Y e¨vK‡Uwiqvi e„w×i Rb¨ I D”P
Nb‡Z¡ gvQ _vKvq cyKz‡i e¨vcK gvÎvq Aw·‡R‡bi
cÖ‡qvRb nq| GRb¨ ch©vß A¨v‡iUi ¯’vcb AZ¨vek¨K|
GB cªhyw³‡Z †Kvb cvwb cwieZ©b Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq
bv| KviY, GB cÖhyw³‡Z †nUv‡ivUªwcK e¨vK‡Uwiqv
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb NwUZ eR¨© MªnY K‡i gvB‡µvweqvj †cÖvwU‡b
iƒcvšÍi K‡i (wPÎ: 2)| †cÖvwUb n‡jv Lvev‡ii me‡P‡q
`vgx Dcv`vb| ¯^vfvweKfv‡e Lvev‡ii gvÎ 25%
†cÖvwUb gv‡Qi †`‡n Kv‡R jv‡M| evKx Ask cvwb‡Z
Ae¨eüZ †_‡K hvq| ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³‡Z GB Ae¨eüZ
†cÖvwUb gvB‡µvweqvj †cªvwU‡b iƒcvšÍi nIqvq †cÖvwUb
wiKfvwi wظY n‡q hvq| ev‡qvwdëvi c×wZ‡Z
bvBwUªdvwqs e¨vK‡Uwiqv ÿwZKi A¨v‡gvwbqv‡K wb®úvc
bvB‡Uª‡U iƒcvšÍi K‡i cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y wbqš¿Y K‡i| wKš‘
wPÎ 2: GKwU cyKz‡ii ev‡qvd¬K B‡Kvwm‡óg|
ev‡qvd¬K c×wZ‡Z †nUv‡ivUªwcK e¨vK‡Uwiqv
bvBwUªdvwqs e¨vK‡Uwiqvi `k¸Y `ªæZMwZ‡Z
A¨v‡gvwbqv nªvm K‡i| d‡j GB c×wZ‡Z cyKz‡i cvwbi
¸Yv¸Y wbqwš¿Z _v‡K I D”Pg~‡j¨i grm¨ Lv‡`¨i myôy
e¨envi wbwðZ nq|
BwZnvm (History of Biofloc Technology)
beŸB Gi `k‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡K BmivB‡j cÖ_g
ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³i hvÎv ïiæ nq| cieZx©‡Z ga¨
Av‡gwiKvi †`k †ewj‡Ri Ô†ewjR A¨v‡KvqvKvjPvi
dv‡g©Õ cÖ_g evwYwR¨Kfv‡e G c×wZ‡Z mdjfv‡e wPswo
Pvl Kiv nq| eZ©gv‡b _vBj¨vÛ, `wÿY †Kvwiqv,
B‡›`ªv‡bwkqv, gvj‡qwkqv, Pxb, fviZ cÖf„wZ †`‡k
ev‡qvd¬K c×wZi Pvl RbwcÖq n‡q DV‡Q|
ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³‡Z Pv‡li Rb¨ Dchy³ cÖRvwZ
(Suitable Species for Biofloc Technology)
ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³‡Z gvQPv‡li †ÿ‡Î GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
welq n‡jv mwVK cÖRvwZ wbe©vPb| †hme gvQ
gvB‡µvweqvj †cÖvwUb MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i I D”PgvÎvq
KwVb c`v_© (suspended solid) mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i
†mme cÖRvwZ ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³‡Z Pv‡li Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx|
wPswo I †Zjvwcqv gvQ GB c×wZ‡Z Pv‡li Rb¨
Dchy³| wPswo I †Zjvwcqvi †ÿ‡Î ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³
e¨envi K‡i 20-30% Lv`¨ mvkÖq Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q|
Kvwc©I I iæB gv‡Qi †ÿ‡ÎI fv‡jv djvdj cvIqv
†M‡Q| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki D”P g~j¨ I Pvwn`vm¤úbœ gvQ
†hgb-wks, cve`v, ¸jkvmn Ab¨vb¨ gvQ ev‡qvd¬K
cÖhyw³‡Z Pv‡li Rb¨ Dchy³ wKbv Zv M‡elYvi gva¨‡g
Rvb‡Z n‡e|
ev‡qvd¬K c×wZ‡Z gvQPv‡li myweav (Advantages of
Biofloc Technology)
1. A‡bK †ewk Nb‡Z¡ gvQ Pvl Kiv hvq| d‡j Aí
RvqMvq A‡bK †ewk Drcv`b cvIqv hvq|
2. GdwmAvi Kg, weavq Lv`¨ LiP Kg nq| Lv‡`¨i
µzW †cªvwU‡bi 37% gvB‡µvweqvj †cÖvwU‡b
cwieZ©b nq| D`vniY¯^iƒc, †Kvb cyKz‡i 30%
†cÖvwUbmg„× ˆ`wbK 100 †KwR Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j
†mLv‡b ˆ`wbK 11 †KwR gvB‡µvweqvj †cÖvwUb
cvIqv hvq|
3. †h‡nZz wewfbœ ai‡Yi DcKvix AYyRxe e¨vcK
gvÎvq gv‡Qi cyKz‡i we`¨gvb _v‡K †m‡nZz ÿwZKi
†ivMRxevYy gvQ‡K AvµgY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
4. cvwb cwieZ©b Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv ev LyeB ¯^í
cwigvY cvwb cwieZ©b K‡i Pvl Kiv hvq| d‡j
`~l‡Yi gvÎv G‡Kev‡iB Kg|
5. ev‡qvd¬‡K cvwb cwieZ©b bv K‡i A¨v‡ikvb †`qv
nq d‡j we`y¨r LiP Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg nq|
6. f‚wg I cvwbi m‡e©v”P e¨envi wbwðZ nq|
7. mvgyw`ªK gvQ‡K mgy`ª †_‡K `~ieZ©x ¯’v‡b †hLv‡b
f‚wgi g~j¨ Kg ev Ab¨vb¨ myweav we`¨gvb †miKg
¯’v‡b Pvl Kiv hvq|
8. ev‡qvd¬K e¨envi K‡i evRv‡ii wbKUZ©x ¯^í ¯’v‡b
Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g wbiew”Qbœfv‡e mviv eQi
gvQ/wPswo mieivn Kiv hvq|
9. gvQPv‡li wewfbœ av‡c †hgb- bvm©vwi, jvjb I
cvjb ch©v‡q GB c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq|
10. AwaK ˆRe wbivcËv cÖ`vb K‡i| D`vniY¯^iƒc G
hveZ †Kv‡bv ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³i wPswo Lvgv‡i
†nvqvBU ¯úU wmbWªg †`Lv hvqwb|
11. AwaK cwi‡ekevÜe I A_©‰bwZK we‡ePbvq
†UKmB c×wZ|
ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³i mxgve×Zv
(Limitations of Biofloc Technology)
1. we`¨yr LiP †ewk| c¨v‡Wj ûBj jv‡M 28
nm©cvIqvi/†n±i|
2. wbiwew”Qbœ we`y¨r mieivn cÖ‡qvRb nq| GRb¨
weKí GKvwaK e¨vKAvc †Rbv‡iUi ivL‡Z nq|
Avgv‡`i †`‡k we`y¨r Gi evwYwR¨K nvi K…wli †P‡q
†ewk nIqvq LiP Zzjbvg~jK †ewk nq|
3. gvwUi cyKz‡ii cvomn Zjv †gvUv cwjw_b
(GBPwWwcB) w`‡q †X‡K w`‡Z nq d‡j Drcv`b
LiP †ewk nq|
4. `ÿ cÖwkwÿZ Rbe‡ji cÖ‡qvRb nq|
ev‡qvd¬K A¨v‡KvqvKvjPvi e¨e¯’vcbv c×wZ
(Management of biofloc aquacullture)
†ewki-fvM evwYwR¨K ev‡qvd¬K wPswo cyKz‡ii AvqZb
0.1 n‡Z 2.0 †n±i n‡q _v‡K, †Zjvwcqv cyKz‡ii
AvqZb A‡cÿvK…Z †QvU 0.01 n‡Z 0.2 †n±i n‡q
_v‡K| Kbwµ‡Ui ˆZwi U¨vs‡KI GB c×wZ‡Z Pvl Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i| gvwUi cyKz‡ii †ÿ‡Î Zjv I cvo †gvUv
cwjw_b w`‡q †X‡K w`‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î GBPwWwcB
(nvB †WbwmwU cwjBw_wjb) †ek fvj I †UKmB| cyKz‡i
ch©vß Aw·‡Rb mieiv‡ni Rb¨ cÖwZ †n±‡i 28-32
nm©cvIqvi A¨v‡iUi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| A¨v‡iUi¸‡jv
Ggbfv‡e ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z mg¯Í cyKz‡ii cvwb
mgfv‡e wgwkÖZ nq I ch©vß Aw·‡Rb cvq|
ev‡qvd¬K¸‡jv me©`v fvmgvb Ae¯’vq _vK‡Z n‡e|
†Kv‡bvfv‡e †hb cyKz‡ii Zjvq Rgv bv nq| GRb¨
wbiwew”Qbœfv‡e A¨v‡iUi¸‡jv Pvjy ivL‡Z n‡e|
cÖv_wgKfv‡e cvwb‡Z gv‡Qi Lv`¨ I cwigvYgZ
Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU w`‡q A¨v‡iUi Pvjy Ki‡Z n‡e| AZtci
ev‡qvd¬‡Ki Drcv`b ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z n‡e| ev‡qvd¬K
Gi cwigvY 15-20 wgwj/wjUvi n‡j gv‡Qi †cvbv
Aegy³ n‡e| wPswoi †ÿ‡Î cÖwZ eM©wgUv‡i 130-150wU
wcGj Aegy³ Kiv hv‡e| wbqwgZ 30% †cÖvwUbhy³
Lv`¨ cÖ‡qv‡Mi cvkvcvwk Kve©b I bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi AbycvZ
Kvw•ÿZ gvÎvq ivLvi Rb¨ evB‡i n‡Z ˆRe Kve©b
mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| ev‡qvd¬K Gi cyKz‡i Aw·‡Rb,
Kve©bWvB A·vBW, A¨v‡gvwbqv, wcGBP, ev‡qvd¬K Gi
cwigvY BZ¨vw` wbqwgZ ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|
Drcv`b (Production)
ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³‡Z Zjvq cwjw_b weQv‡bv cyKz‡i
gvQPvl K‡i cÖwZ eM©wgUv‡i cÖwZ Pv‡l 1-2 †KwR (4-8
†g. Ub/GKi) wPswoi Drcv`b cvIqv †M‡Q| wm‡g‡›Ui
U¨vs‡K Pvl K‡i cÖwZ eM©wgUv‡i 10 †KwR ch©šÍ wPswo
Drcv`b m¤¢e n‡q‡Q| †Zjvwcqvi †ÿ‡Î Drcv`b cÖwZ
eM©wgUv‡i 20-30 †KwR (GK‡i 80-120 Ub) cvIqv
†M‡Q|
Kvw•ÿZ Kve©b-bvB‡Uªv‡Rb AbycvZ eRvq ivLv
(Maintaining Desired Carbon-Nitrogen Ratio)
ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³i me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n‡jv Kvw•ÿZ
gvÎvq Kve©b-bvB‡Uªv‡Rb AbycvZ eRvq ivLv| GKwU
30-35% †cÖvwUbmg„× Lv‡`¨ Kve©b-bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
AbycvZ _v‡K 9-10t1| GB AbycvZ hw` 15t1 ivLv
hvq Z‡e †nUv‡ivUªwcK e¨vK‡Uwiqvi e„w× Z¡ivwš^Z nq I
 cyKz‡i gv‡Qi gRy` NbZ¡: 10 †KwR/NbwgUvi

evwni †_‡K cÖwZw`b Kve©b mieiv‡ni cÖ‡qvRb

(108-85)= 23 MÖvg| GB cwigvY Kve©‡bi cÖwZw`b gv‡Qi IR‡bi 20% Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM)
Rb¨ cÖwZw`b ˆRe c`v_© (†gvjv‡mm/ Lv‡`¨i cwigvY: 200 MÖvg/w`b/NbwgUvi
wMømvij/÷vP©/gq`v) cÖ‡qvRb = 11.5
aiv hvK, 30% †cÖvwUbhy³ Lvevi) †cÖvwU‡bi
cÖ‡qvMK…Z 200 MÖvg Lv`¨ †_‡K cvwb‡Z Kve©b cwigvY: 60 MÖvg/w`b/NbwgUvi
Av‡m 02x0.85 (15% gv‡Q Rgv nq x 0.5
(ˆRe c`v‡_© 50% Kve©b _v‡K)=85 MÖvg
(†cÖvwU‡b 16% bvB‡Uªv‡Rb _v‡K) bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi
cvwb‡Z Kve©b : bvB‡Uªv‡Rb 15 eRvq ivLv cwigvY: 9.6 MÖvg/w`b/NbwgUvi
evÃbxq| AZGe cÖwZw`b ˆRe Kve©b cÖ‡qvRb
108 MÖvg/NbwgUvi

†gvU bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi 25% gv‡Qi †`‡n Rgv nq;

evKx 75% cvwb‡Z †g‡k cvwb‡Z bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
Av‡m: 7.2 MÖvg/w`b/NbwgUvi

wPÎ : ev‡qvd¬K cyKz‡i cÖwZw`b bvB‡Uªv‡Rb m„wó I Kve©b

mieiv‡ni KwíZ wnmve (Schryver et. al., 2008)
A¨v‡gvwbqvi e¨envi e„w× cvq| Lv‡`¨ †cÖvwU‡bi
cwigvY Kgv‡bvi gva¨‡g Kve©b-bvB‡Uªv‡Rb AbycvZ
evov‡bv hvq| ZvQvov cvwb‡Z mivmwi Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU
(Kve©b Drm) mieiv‡ni gva¨‡gI Kve©b-bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
AbycvZ evov‡bv hvq| G‡ÿ‡Î mnRjf¨ I ¯^íg~‡j¨i
Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU †hgb-†gvjv‡mm, AvUv, gq`v, Pv‡ji
Kzuov BZ¨vw` e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GKwU cyKz‡i
cÖwZw`‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq Kve©‡bi cwigvY ZvwË¡Kfv‡e
wnmve K‡i †ei Kiv hvq (wPÎ 3)|
Dcmsnvi (Conclusion)
ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³ GKwU cwi‡ekevÜe I †UKmB
c×wZ| cvwb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z nq bv weavq GB
c×wZ cvwb mvkÖqx Ges G‡Z ˆRe wbivcËv wbwðZ
nq| cyKzi ev U¨vs‡KB eR©¨ e¨e¯’vcbv nq weavq
GB c×wZ cwi‡ekevÜe| ZvQvov eR©¨ †_‡K
†cÖvwUbhy³ Lv`¨ nq e‡j A‡cÿvK…Z Kg cwigvY
Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM K‡iB Kvw•ÿZ Drcv`b cvIqv hvq|
cÖPwjZ Pvl c×wZi †P‡q G‡Z Drcv`bI A‡bK
†ewk nq| evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv Rbeûj †`‡k †h‡nZz
f~wg I cvwbi msKU i‡q‡Q, †m‡nZz GB c×wZ‡Z
gvQPvl LyeB Dc‡hvMx wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv n‡”Q|
Z‡e Avgv‡`i †`‡k cÖPwjZ cÖRvwZi †ÿ‡Î GB
cªhyw³i cÖ‡qvM I Dbœq‡bi h_vh_ M‡elYvi cÖ‡qvRb|
wKQz †ÿ‡Î h_vh_ M‡elYv Z_¨ QvovB GB cÖhyw³‡Z
†`‡k gvQ Pv‡li cÖeYZv †`Lv hv‡”Q| h_vh_
M‡elYvjä Ávb QvovB G cªhyw³‡Z gvQPvl K‡i e¨_©
n‡j cÖhyw³wU m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li g‡b weiƒc cÖwZwµqvi
m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| B‡Zvg‡a¨ e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb
K…wl wek^we`¨vj‡q ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³‡Z gvQPvl wel‡q
M‡elYv Kvh©µg n‡Z †bqv n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k grm¨
M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU, wewfbœ wek¦we`¨vjq, grm¨
Awa`ßi I mswkøó Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZôvb‡K G e¨vcv‡i
cÖ‡qvRbxq Kvh©µg MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| GB cÖhyw³‡Z
wbiwew”Qbœ we`y¨r mieivn cÖ‡qvRb nq| K…wli g‡Zv
grm¨Lv‡Z myj‡f wbiwew”Qbœ we`y¨r wbwðZ Kiv †M‡j
bZzb bZzb D‡`¨v³v wewb‡qv‡M DrmvwnZ n‡eb|
AZGe GKwU †UKmB jvfRbK I cwi‡ekevÜe
cÖhyw³ wn‡m‡e ev‡qvd¬K cÖhyw³ fwel¨‡Z grm¨Pv‡l
ˆecøweK cwieZ©b Avb‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq|

1
cÖ‡dmi, A¨v‡KvqvKvjPvi wefvM, e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb K…wl wek^we`¨vjq, MvRxcyi
2
mnKvix cwiPvjK, grm¨ Awa`ßi, evsjv‡`k