BDwbU

†iPb cÖwµqv
8
f‚wgKv
Rxe‡`‡ni †Kvlvf¨šÍ‡i AmsL¨ ivmvqwbK wµqv N‡U| G‡Z Rxe‡`‡ni kvixie„Ëxq KvR¸‡jv myPviyi‡~ c m¤úvw`Z
nq, Rxe †eu‡P _v‡K| ivmvqwbK wµqvq Drcbœ wKQz c`v_© †`‡ni Rb¨ Acwinvh©| Avevi wKQz c`v_© †`‡ni Rb¨
¶wZKi| G¸‡jv †`n †_‡K †ei K‡i †`Iqv AZxe Riyix| †hgb- ivmvqwbK wewµqv‡Z DcRvZ wn‡m‡e
A¨v‡gvwbqv, BDwiqv, BDwiK A¨vwmW cÖf…wZ bvB‡Uªv‡RbRvZ ˆRe †hŠM Drcbœ nq| G BDwb‡U †`n †_‡K bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
NwUZ eR©¨ c`v_© wb®‹vkb Ges e„‡°i (Kidney) bvbv †ivM m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

†iPb A½mg~n

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 2 mßvn

G BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n
cvV 8.1 : gvbe †iPb, †iPb c`v_©
cvV 8.2 : e„°, †bd«b
cvV 8.3 : Am‡gv‡i¸‡jk‡b e„‡°i f~wgKv
cvV 8.4 : e„‡°i mgm¨v
cvV 8.5 : g~Îbvwji †ivM I my¯’ ivLvi Dcvq
GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 8.1 gvbe †iPb, †iPb c`v_©

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 gvby‡li †iPb cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 gvbe‡`‡n Drcbœ †iPb c`v‡_©i bvg D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖavb kã †iPb cÖwµqv, †iPb c`v_©

gvby‡li †iPb cÖwµqv : †iPb gvbe‡`‡ni GKwU ˆRweK cÖwµqv, hvi gva¨‡g †`‡n wecvK cÖwµqvq
Drcbœ eR©¨ c`v_©¸‡jv wb®‹vwkZ nq| †`‡ni G mKj eR©¨ c`v_©¸‡jv kix‡i †Kvb Kvi‡Y Rg‡Z _vK‡j
bvbv iK‡gi AmyL †`Lv †`q, cieZx©‡Z g„Zz¨ ch©šÍ NU‡Z cv‡i| †iPb cÖwµqvq †`‡ni welv³ c`v_©
wb®‹vwkZ n‡q †`n †_‡K †ei K‡i w`‡q †`‡ni kvixie„Ëxq fvimvg¨ i¶v K‡i| kix‡ii AwZwi³ cvwb, jeY, Kve©b
WvBA·vBW I ˆRe c`v_©¸‡jv mvaviYZ †iP‡bi gva¨‡g evB‡i †ei K‡i †`Iqv nq| †iPb c`v_© wb®‹vk‡bi Rb¨
gvbe‡`‡n mywbw`©ó A½ i‡q‡Q| †h me A½ †iPb Kv‡R Ask MÖnY K‡i Zv‡`i‡K †iPb A½ ejv nq| GwU †iPbZš¿
bv‡g cwiwPZ| †iPbZ‡š¿i gva¨‡g kZKiv 80% †iPb c`v_© wb®‹vwkZ nq| evwK 20% †iPb c`v_© wewfbœ
wµqvK‡g© Drcbœ I wewfbœ A‡½i gva¨‡g wb®‹vwkZ nq| gvbe‡`‡ni †iPb A‡½i bvg e„°| Avi e„‡°i GKK n‡jv
†bd«b|
†iPb c`v_© : †iPb c`v_© ej‡Z g~jZ bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ eR©¨ c`v_©‡K †evSvq| †iPb c`v_© g~‡Îi gva¨‡g kixi
†_‡K †ei n‡q Av‡m| G mKj wecvKxq eR©¨ c`v_© wb¤œiƒc- bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ †hŠM A¨v‡gvwbqv, BDwiK A¨vwmW,
BDwiqv, wµ‡qwUwbb, Kve©b WvBA·vBW, wcË iÄK, wewfbœ ai‡bi jeY Ges Nvg I cvwb|

wk¶v_©xi KvR wb‡Pi Q‡K wecvKxq eRª c`v_©¸‡jvi bvg wjLyb

mvims‡¶c
†h me A½ †iPb Kv‡R AskMÖnY K‡i Zv‡`i‡K †iPb A½ ev †iPbZš¿ e‡j| †iPb c`v_©¸‡jv n‡jv-
bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bNwUZ †hŠM A¨v‡gvwbqv, BDwiK A¨vwmW, BDwiqv, wµ‡qwUwbb, Kve©b WvBA·vBW, wcË iÄK, wewfbœ
ai‡bi jeY Ges Nvg I cvwb|

BDwbU 8 c„ôv-112
 RxeweÁvb

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vq 8.1

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|

1| †iPbZ‡š¿i gva¨‡g kZKiv KZ fvM †iPb c`v_© wb®‹vwkZ nq ?
(K) 80 fvM (L) 90 fvM (M) 100 fvM (N) 110 fvM
2| †iPb c`v_©¸‡jv¸‡jv n‡jv-
i. Nvg I cvwb ii. wcË iÄK iii. Kve©b WvBA·vBW
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
3| g~‡Î cvwb QvovI Ab¨vb¨ †h mKj c`v_© _v‡K Zv n‡jv-
i. jwmKv im ii. BDwiK A¨vwmW iii. wµ‡qwUwbb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
4| †iP‡bi gva¨‡g †`n †_‡K †ei nq-
i. AwZwi³ cvwb ii. AwZwi³ cÖvYim iii. AwZwi³ jeY
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii

BDwbU 8 c„ôv-113
GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 8.2 e„°, †bd«b

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

 e„‡°i MVb I KvR e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 GKwU †bd«‡bi MVb I KvR eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖavb kã e„°, †bd«b
e„° (Kidney) : gvbe‡`‡ni †iPb A‡½i bvg e„°| gvby‡li D`i MnŸ‡ii †cQ‡bi As‡k, †giy`‡Ûi
`yÕcv‡k e¶wcćii wb‡P I c„ô cÖvPxi msjMœ
Ae¯’vq `ywU e„° Ae¯’vb K‡i| cÖwZwU e„‡°i AvK…wZ
wk‡gi wewPi b¨vq Ges iO jvj‡P| e„‡°i evB‡ii w`K
DËj I †fZ‡ii w`K AeZj nq| AeZj As‡ki
fvuR‡K nvBjvm (Hilus) e‡j| nvBjv‡m Aew¯’Z
MnŸi‡K †cjwfm (Pelvis) e‡j| †cjwfm †_‡K `ywU
BD‡iUvi †ei n‡q g~Îvj‡q cÖ‡ek K‡i| nvBjv‡mi
†fZi †_‡K BD‡iUvi I †ibvj wkiv †ei nq Ges †ibvj
agwb e„‡° cÖ‡ek K‡i| BD‡iUv‡ii dv‡bj AvK…wZi
cÖk¯— Ask‡K †cjwfm ejv nq| wPÎ 8.2.1 : e„‡°i j¤^‡”Q`
e„° GK ai‡bi ZšÍygq AveiY w`‡q †ewóZ _v‡K| G‡K
K¨vcmyj ejv nq| K¨vcmyj msjMœ Ask‡K K‡U©· (Cortex) e‡j| Gi †fZ‡ii Ask‡K †gWyjv (Medula) ejv nq|
Dfq AÂjB †hvRK Kjv Ges i³evnx bvwj w`‡q MwVZ| †gWzjvq mvaviYZt 8-12wU †ibvj wcivwgW _v‡K| G‡`i
AMÖfvM cÖmvwiZ n‡q wcoKv (Papilla) MVb K‡i| Gme wcoKv mivmwi †cjwf‡m Db¥y³ nq| cÖwZwU e„‡° we‡kl
GK ai‡bi bvwjKv _v‡K hv‡K BDwiwb‡divm (Urinipherous) bvwjKv
e‡j| cÖwZwU BDwiwb‡divm bvwjKv `ywU cÖavb As‡k wef³| h_vÑ
†bd«b (Nephrone) I msMÖvnx bvwjKv (Collecting tubule)| †bd«b g~Î
ˆZwi K‡i Avi msMÖvnx bvwjKv †ibvj †cjwf‡m g~Î enb K‡i| gvbe
†`‡ni †iPb A½ n‡jv e„°| Avi e„‡°i GKK n‡jv †bd«b| gvby‡li
†iPbZš¿- e„°, †iPbbvwj, g~Îbvwj I g~Î_wji mgš^‡q MwVZ|
†bd«b (Nephrone) : e„‡°i BDwiwb‡divm bvwjKvi ¶iYKvix Ask I wPÎ 8.2.2 : GKwU †bd«‡bi wewfbœ Ask
Kvh©Kix GKK‡K †bd«b e‡j| gvbe‡`‡ni cÖwZwU e„‡° cÖvq 10 j¶
†bd«b _v‡K| cÖwZwU †bd«‡b GKwU †ibvj Kicvmj (Renal corpuscle) ev gvjwcwRqvb A½ Ges †ibvj wUDey¨j
(Renal tubule) _v‡K| cÖwZwU †ibvj Kicvmj Avevi ‡Møv‡giyjvm (Glomerulous) Ges †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj G `ywU
As‡k wef³| †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj ‡Møv‡giyjvm‡K †eób K‡i _v‡K| ‡Møv‡giyjvm QvuKwbi b¨vq KvR K‡i i³ †_‡K
cwimyªZ Zij (Bilaterate) Drcbœ K‡i|
†evg¨vÝ K¨vcmy‡ji †cQb †_‡K m„wó n‡q msMÖvnx bvwjKv ch©šÍ we¯—…Z PIov bvwjKvwU‡K †ibvj wUDey¨j e‡j| `ywU
e„‡° †gvU 20 j¶ †ibvj wUDey¨j _v‡K| cÖwZwU †ibvj wUDey¨j Gi 3wU Ask| h_vÑ †Mvov‡`kxq c¨uvPv‡bv bvwjKv,
†nbwji jyc Ges cÖvšÍxq c¨vuPv‡bv bvwjKv|
e„‡°i KvR

BDwbU 8 c„ôv-114
 RxeweÁvb
1| i³ †_‡K bvB‡Uªv‡Rbhy³ eR©¨ c`v_© AcmviY Kiv|
2| †`‡n I i‡³ cvwbi fvimvg¨ i¶v Kiv|
3| i‡³ wewfbœ je‡Yi cwigvY wbqš¿Y Kiv|
4| i‡³ A¤ø I ¶v‡ii fvimvg¨ i¶v Kiv|
5| ni‡gvb I GbRvBg wbtmiY Kiv|
6| †`‡ni i³Pvc wbqš¿Y Kiv|
7| wfUvwgb wW I †jvwnZ i³ KwYKv Drcv`‡b AskMÖnY Kiv|
wk¶v_©xi KvR GKwU e„° I †bd«‡bi wPwýZ wPÎ A¼b K‡i K¬v‡m Dc¯’vcb Kiyb

mvims‡¶c
gvbe‡`‡ni †iPb A‡½i bvg e„° ev wKWwb| gvby‡li D`iMnŸ‡ii †cQ‡bi As‡k, †giy`‡Ûi `yÕcv‡k e¶wcćii
wb‡P I c„ô cÖvPxi msjMœ Ae¯’vq `ywU e„° Ae¯’vb K‡i| †bd«b g~Î ˆZwi K‡i Avi msMÖvnx bvwjKv †ibvj
†cjwf‡m g~Î enb K‡i| e„‡°i GKK n‡jv †bd«b| gvby‡li †iPbZš¿- e„°, †iPbbvwj, g~Îbvwj I g~Î_wji
mgš^‡q MwVZ|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 8.2
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| e„‡°i GKK wb‡Pi †KvbwU ?
(K) †bd«b (L) K¨vcmyj (M) ‡Møv‡giyjvm (N) †gWzjv
2| e„‡°i KvR n‡jv-
i. i‡³ A¤ø I ¶v‡ii fvimvg¨ i¶v Kiv ii. i³ †_‡K bvB‡Uªv‡Rbhy³ eR©¨ c`v_© AcmviY Kiv
iii. wfUvwgb ÔGÕ ˆZwi Kiv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK bq ?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) iii
wb‡Pi wPÎwU j¶ Kiyb-

3| wPwýZ A A‡½i GKK †KvbwU ?

(K) †bd«b (L) e„° (M) g~Îbvwj (N) hK„Z
4| A †Z †h c`v_©wU Rgv _v‡K Zvi Dcv`vb n‡jv-
i. cvwb ii. wn‡gv‡Møvweb iii. BD‡iv‡µvg
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii

BDwbU 8 c„ôv-115
GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

8.3 Am‡gv‡i¸‡jk‡b e„‡°i f~wgKv

cvV evsjv‡`‡
D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

 Am‡gv‡i¸‡jk‡b e„‡°i f~wgKv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖavb kã Am‡gv‡i¸‡jkb
Am‡gv‡i¸‡jk‡b e„‡°i f~wgKv : gvbe‡`‡n hveZxq kvixie„Ëxq KvR m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ †`‡n cwiwgZ
cvwb _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| g~jZ g~‡Îi gva¨‡gB me‡P‡q †ewk cvwb †`n †_‡K †ewi‡q hvq| †`‡n cvwbi
mgZv wbqš¿‡Y e„° cÖavb f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| †`‡n cvwbi cwigvY †e‡o †M‡j i³ †ewk Zij n‡q hvq|
G‡Z †`‡n bvbv iKg RwUjZvi m„wó nq| †hgbÑ i‡³ bvB‡Uªv‡Rb AvwaK¨, †Kv‡li ¶wZ Ges i³ msen‡b e¨_©Zv
BZ¨vw`|
†`‡ni ga¨¯’ cvwb I †mvwWqvg, cUvwmqvg jeY Ges †K¬vivBW Avq‡bi g‡a¨ AšÍtmvg¨ i¶vi cÖwµqv‡K
Am‡gv‡i¸‡jkb (Osmoregulation) e‡j| Am‡gv‡i¸‡jk‡b e„‡°i f~wgKv-
1| e„° Am‡gv‡i¸‡jkb cÖwµqvq †`‡n cvwbi mgZv wbav©iY K‡i|
2| †`‡n wewfbœ cÖwµqvq cvwb I je‡Yi cwigv‡Yi n«vm-e„w× NUvq|
3| cÖavbZ g~‡Îi gva¨‡gB me‡P‡q †ewk cwigvY cvwb †`n †_‡K †ewi‡q hvq| e„° g~‡Îi mwVK cwigvY‡K eRvq
†i‡L †`‡n Zi‡ji cwigvY I AwfmªewYK Pvc‡K †Zgb evo‡Z ev Kg‡Z †`q bv|

wk¶v_©xi KvR ÔAm‡gv‡i¸‡jk‡b e„‡°i f~wgKvÕ G wel‡q †bvU ivLyb

mvims‡¶c
†`‡ni ga¨¯’ cvwb I †mvwWqvg, cUvwmqvg jeY Ges †K¬vivBW Avq‡bi g‡a¨ AšÍtmvg¨ i¶vi cÖwµqv‡K
Am‡gv‡i¸‡jkb e‡j| i‡³ cvwbi cwigvY evo‡j GwU †ewk Zij nq d‡j bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi AvwaK¨, †Kv‡li ¶wZ
Ges i³ msen‡b e¨_©Zv BZ¨vw` RwUjZv †`Lv †`q|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-8.3
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () w`b|
1| †`‡n cvwbi mgZv wbqš¿‡Y cÖavb f~wgKv cvjb K‡i wb‡Pi †KvbwU ?
(K) †bd«b (L) K¨vcmyj (M) e„° (N) †gWzjv
2| i³ †ewk Zij n‡j †h mKj Amyweav¸‡jv †`Lv †`q Zv n‡jv-
i. i‡³ bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi AvwaK¨ ii. †Kv‡li ¶wZ iii. i³ msen‡b e¨_©Zv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
3| Am‡gv‡i¸‡jk‡b e„‡°i f~wgKv n‡jv-
i. †`‡n cvwbi mgZv wbav©iY Kiv ii. g~‡Îi mwVK cwigvY‡K eRvq iv‡L
iii. AwfmªewYK Pvc‡K evo‡Z ev Kg‡Z †`q bv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii

BDwbU 8 c„ôv-116
 RxeweÁvb

cvV-8.4 e„‡°i mgm¨v

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

 e„‡°i ¯^vfvweK Kvh©µg wewNœZ nIqvi KviY¸‡jv kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 e„‡°i mgm¨v m„wói j¶Y¸‡jv D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 e„‡° cv_i nIqvi KviY¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 e„° ms‡hvR‡bi Dcvq ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 gi‡YvËi e„° `v‡bi ¸iyZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖavb kã e„‡° cv_i, e„° ms‡hvRb

e„‡°i ¯^vfvweK Kvh©µg wewNœZ nIqvi KviY : bvbvwea Kvi‡Y e„‡°i ¯^vfvweK KvR wewNœZ n‡Z cv‡i|
†hgbÑ e„‡°i cÖ`vn, cÖmªv‡e mgm¨v, e„‡° cv_i nIqv, D”P i³ Pvc BZ¨vw`|
e„‡°i mgm¨v m„wói j¶Y : e„‡°i mgm¨v m„wói j¶Y¸‡jv n‡jvÑ kixi dz‡j hvIqv, cÖmªv‡e †cÖvwUb ev Avwgl hvIqv,
i³ wgwkÖZ cÖmªve nIqv, cÖmªv‡e hš¿Yv nIqv, Nb Nb cÖ¯ªve nIqv, cÖmªve eÜ n‡q hvIqv, cvuR‡i I †Kvg‡ii
gvSvgvwS `yÕcv‡k e¨_v Abyf~Z nIqv, ewg ewg fve, D”P i³ Pvc, ¶zav g›`v Ges A‡bK mgq Kvucybx w`‡q R¡i
Avmv BZ¨vw`|
e„‡° cv_i nIqvi KviY : e„‡° cv_i meviB n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e †g‡q‡`i †P‡q cyiyl‡`i cv_i nIqvi m¤¢vebv †ewk|
e„‡° cv_i nIqvi KviY¸‡jv n‡jvÑ AwZwi³ kvixwiK IRb, e„‡° msµgY †ivM, Kg cvwb cvb Kiv Ges AwZwi³
cÖvYxR Avwgl MÖnY BZ¨vw`|
cÖv_wgKfv‡e e„‡° cv_i n‡j †Zgb †Kvb mgm¨v nq bv| mgm¨v nq hLb cv_i cÖmªvebvwj‡Z P‡j Av‡m I cÖmªv‡e
evuav †`q| mvaviYZ AwaK cvwb cvb Ki‡j I Jla †me‡b cv_i AcmviY Kiv hvq| AvaywbK c×wZ‡Z
BD‡U‡iv‡¯‹vwcK, AvjUªvmwbK, wj_wUªcwm A_ev e„‡° A‡¯¿vcvPvi K‡i cv_i AcmviY Kiv hvq|
†bd«vBwUm, Wvqv‡ewUm, D”P i³ Pvc, cv_i BZ¨vw`i Kvi‡Y e„° ax‡i ax‡i weKj n‡q hvq| e„° weKj n‡j g~Î
Z¨v‡M mgm¨v †`Lv hv‡e, i‡³ wµ‡qwUwbb †e‡o hvq| i‡³i eR©¨ `ªe¨vw` Acmvi‡Y wbw`©ó mgq ci ci †ivMx‡K
WvqvjvBwmm Kiv nq| e„° cÖwZ¯’vcb K‡iI G †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv Kiv hvq|
e„„° ms‡hvRb : e„° ms‡hvRb `yÕfv‡e Kiv hvq| †Kvb wbKU AvZ¥x‡qi e„° GKRb wKWwb †ivMxi †`‡n cÖwZ¯’vcb
K‡i| Avevi gi‡YvËi e„° `v‡bi gva¨‡g GKRb wKWwb weKj ev A‡K‡Rv †ivMxi Rxeb euvPv‡bv m¤¢eci n‡Z
cv‡i| m‡PZbZvi gva¨‡g gi‡YvËi my¯’ e„° `v‡b gvbe RvwZi DcKvi Kiv hvq|

wk¶v_©xi KvR gi‡YvËi e„°`v‡bi wel‡q †cv÷vi wj‡L GjvKvi mevB‡K DrmvwnZ Kiyb

mvims‡¶c
bvbvwea Kvi‡Y e„‡°i ¯^vfvweK KvR wewNœZ n‡Z cv‡i| †hgbÑ e„‡°i cÖ`vn, cÖmªv‡e mgm¨v, e„‡° cv_i nIqv
Ges D”P i³ Pvc BZ¨vw`| e„‡° cv_i nIqvi KviY¸‡jv n‡jvÑ AwZwi³ kvixwiK IRb, e„‡° msµgY †ivM,
Kg cvwb cvb Kiv Ges AwZwi³ cÖvYxR Avwgl MÖnY Kiv BZ¨vw`| e„° ms‡hvRb `yÕfv‡e Kiv hvq| †Kvb wbKU
AvZ¥x‡qi e„° GKRb wKWwb †ivMxi †`‡n cÖwZ¯’vcb K‡i| Avevi gi‡YvËi e„° `v‡bi gva¨‡g GKRb wKWwb
weKj ev A‡K‡Rv †ivMxi Rxeb euvPv‡bv m¤¢eci n‡Z cv‡i|

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GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-8.4
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () w`b|
1| e„‡° cv_i nIqvi KviY¸‡jv n‡jv-
i. AwZwi³ cÖvYxR Avwgl MÖnY ii. Dw™¢¾ Avwgl MÖnY iii. e„‡° msµgY †ivM
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK bq ?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) ii
2| wKWwb †iv‡Mi j¶Y¸‡jv n‡jv-
i. kixi dz‡j hvIqv ii. cÖmªv‡e †cÖvwUb ev Avwgl hvIqv iii. wb¤œ i³ Pvc
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK bq ?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
3| e„‡° cv_i hLb g~Îbvwj‡Z P‡j Av‡m ZLb-
i. g~Î euvavcÖvß nq ii. †Kvg‡ii †cQ‡b e¨_v nq iii. cvwb Kg †L‡Z nq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK bq ?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii

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cvV-8.5 g~Îbvwji †ivM I my¯’ ivLvi Dcvq

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

 g~Îbvwji †ivM nIqvi KviY eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 g~Îbvwj my¯’ ivLvi Dcvq D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖavb kã g~Îbvwj
g~Îbvwji †ivM nIqvi KviY : Acwi¯‹vi I A¯^v¯’¨Ki Rxeb-hvc‡b, ˆ`wbK cÖvq 8 Møv‡mi (2 wjUvi) Kg
cvwb cvb Ki‡j, wbw`©ó mg‡q g~ÎZ¨vM bv Ki‡j Ges bvbv Kvi‡Y g~Îbvwji †ivM †`Lv †`q| g~Îbvwji
msµgY n‡j g~Îbvwj R¡vjv †cvovmn bvbv DcmM© †`Lv †`q| hZ`ªyZ m¤¢e Wv³v‡ii civgk© I wPwKrmv MÖn‡Y m¤ú~Y©
Av‡ivM¨ jvf Kiv hvq|
g~Îbvwj my¯’ ivLvi Dcvq
1| wkï‡`i Ubwmj I †Lvm cvuPov †_‡K mveavb nIqv,
2| Wvqv‡ewUm I D”P i³Pvc wbqš¿‡Y ivLv,
3| Wvqwiqv I i³¶iY BZ¨vw`i `ªyZ wPwKrmv Kiv,
4| a~gcvb I e¨_v bvkK Jla cwinvi Kiv,
5| cwigvY g‡Zv cvwb cvb Kiv,
6| myk„•Lj Rxeb hvcb Kiv,
7| mylg I wbqwš¿Z Lv`¨ MÖnY Kiv Ges
8| wbw`©ó mg‡q g~ÎZ¨vM Kiv I cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ _vKv|

wk¶v_©xi KvR Kxfv‡e g~Îbvwj my¯’ ivLv hvq ? †m wel‡q †cv÷vi ˆZwi Kiyb

mvims‡¶c
Acwi¯‹vi I A¯^v¯’¨Ki Rxeb-hvc‡b, ˆ`wbK cÖvq 8 Møv‡mi (2 wjUvi) Kg cvwb cvb Ki‡j, wbw`©ó mg‡q
g~ÎZ¨vM bv Ki‡j Ges bvbv Kvi‡Y g~Îbvwji †ivM †`Lv †`q| g~Îbvwji msµgY n‡j g~Îbvwj R¡vjv †cvovmn
bvbv DcmM© †`Lv †`q| hZ`ªyZ m¤¢e Wv³v‡ii civgk© I wPwKrmv MÖn‡Y m¤ú~Y© Av‡ivM¨ jvf Kiv hvq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-8.5
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () w`b|
1| cÖwZw`b KZ Møv‡mi Kg cvwb cvb Ki‡j g~Îbvwji †ivM nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K ?
(K) 8 Møvm (L) 7 Møvm (M) 6 Møvm (N) 5 Møvm
2| g~Îbvwj my¯’ ivLvi Dcvq¸‡jv n‡jv-
i. myk„•Lj Rxeb hvcb Kiv ii. cwigvY g‡Zv cvwb cvb Kiv

BDwbU 8 c„ôv-119
GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg
iii. Wvqv‡ewUm I D”P i³ Pvc wbqš¿‡Y ivLv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
3| g~Îbvwji †iv‡Mi KviY¸‡jv n‡jv--
i. A¯^v¯’¨Ki Rxeb hvcb Kiv ii. Kg cwigv‡Y cvwb cvb Kiv
iii. e¨_v wbivg‡qi Jla cwinvi Kiv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
m„Rbkxj cÖk-œ 1
1| wb‡Pi wPÎwU ch©‡e¶Y K‡i cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi wjLyb|

wPÎ- A
(K) e„° Kv‡K e‡j ?
(L) †`‡n A¤ø I ¶v‡ii fvimvg¨ i¶v K‡i †K ?
(M) cÖ`wk©Z wPÎ-A †K QvuKwbi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv nqÑ e¨vL¨v Kiyb|
(N) DwjøwLZ wPÎ-A weKj n‡j Kxfv‡e Gi cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡eb ?
m„Rbkxj cÖk-œ 2
DËg eveyi †ek wKQzw`b a‡i R¡i, †Kvg‡ii †cQ‡b e¨_v| ewg ewg fve| wPwKrm‡Ki civgk©I wb‡jb| wPwKrmvi
ci my¯’ n‡jb|
(K) †iPb c`v_© Kx ?
(L) g~‡Îi Dcv`vb¸‡jv Kx Kx ?
(M) DËg eveyi kvixwiK mgm¨v †Kvb †iv‡Mi j¶Y ? e¨vL¨v Kiyb|
(N) e„° I g~Îbvwji my¯’Zvi Rb¨ M„nxZ c`‡¶c¸‡jv wPwýZ Kiyb|
DËigvjv
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 8.1 : 1| K 2| M 3| L 4| K
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 8.2 : 1| K 2| N 3| K 4| K
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 8.3 : 1| N 2| K 3| M
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 8.4 : 1| N 2| K 3| K
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 8.5 : 1| K 2| L 3| K

BDwbU 8 c„ôv-120