D`¨vb dmj BDwbU

8
f‚wgKv
Avgv‡`i †`k Lv‡`¨ k‡m¨ ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©Zv AR©b Ki‡jI cywói Pvwn`v c~i‡Y dj Pvl Drcv`‡bi w`‡KI ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z
n‡e| wewfbœ cÖKvi LwbR I wfUvwg‡b m‡e©vrK…ó Drm n‡”Q dj| djRvZ mvgMÖx Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ bZzb bZzb wkí
KviLvbv ¯’vwcZ n‡”Q hv gvby‡li Kg©ms¯’v‡b I Avq e„wׇZ we‡kl f‚wgKv ivL‡Q| GQvovI wPwKrmvkv‡¯¿, wewfbœ
Abyôv‡b mvgvwRK Kg©Kv‡Û dj e¨envi nq| cywó weÁvbx‡`i g‡Z Rb cÖwZ 115 †_‡K 125 MÖvg dj LvIqv
cÖ‡qvRb, wKš‘ Avgiv †L‡Z cviwQ gvÎ 40 †_‡K 45 MÖvg| we‡`kx d‡ji Avg`vwb Kwg‡q Avgv‡`i cÖPwjZ
AcÖPwjZ me ai‡bi d‡ji Drcv`b evov‡Z n‡e| Avevi dzj ev my`„k¨ MvQ¸‡jv gvbwmK Avb›` `v‡bi GKwU
Ab¨Zg Dcv`vb| KZ¸‡jv dz‡j †mŠ›`h© gvbyl‡K wP‡Ëi Avb›` †`q Avevi KZ¸‡jv dz‡ji MÜ LyeB g‡bvgy»Ki|
M„n, cÖwZôvb, ¯‹zj, K‡jR I gmwR` cÖv½‡b G dzj I my`„k¨ MvQ †kvfv ea©b K‡i| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k dzj I
m„`„k¨ Mv‡Qi evwYwR¨K Drcv`b e„w× †c‡q‡Q| myMwÜhy³ MvQ ev Mv‡Qi Askwe‡kl Ges MvQ KZ©K Drcvw`Z e¯‘‡K
gmjv e‡j| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki cÖavb gmjv¸‡jv n‡jv wcuqvR, imyb, gwiP, njy`, Av`v, †ZRcvZv, awbqv, wRiv
BZ¨vw`| dj, dzj I gmjv ¸iæ‡Z¡i K_v we‡ePbv K‡i GB BDwb‡U Kzj, †cqviv, Kgjv, Wvwjqv, P›`ªgwjøKv, wcuqvR,
imyb I Av`v Pvl wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 4 mßvn

G BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n
cvV-8.1 : dyj, dj I gmjv RvZxq dm‡ji cwiwPwZ I ¸iæZ¡
cvV-8.2 : Kzj Pvl
cvV-8.3 : †cqviv Pvl
cvV-8.4 : Kgjv Pvl
cvV-8.5 : Wvwjqv dzj Pvl
cvV-8.6 : P›`ªgwjøKv dzj Pvl
cvV-8.7 : wcuqvR Pvl
cvV-8.8 : imyb Pvl
cvV-8.9 : Av`v Pvl
K…wl wkÿv 1gcÎ BDwbU-8

cvV-8.1 dyj, dj I gmjv RvZxq dm‡ji cwiwPwZ I ¸iæZ¡

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 d‡ji cwiwPwZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 d‡ji ¸iæZ¡ D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 dz‡ji cwiwPwZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 dy‡ji ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 gmjvi cwiwPwZ I ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã ¯^í †gqv`x, `xN© †gqv`x, ¯^civMx, cicivMx, el©Rxex, `xN©Rxex, myMwÜ gmjv|

d‡ji cwiwPwZ
wbwl³ nIqvi c‡i dz‡ji Mf©vkq Ask we‡kl cwicyó, cwiewa©Z I weKwkZ n‡q d‡j cwiYZ nq|
A_©vr GK K_vq wbwl³ cwic° Mf©vkqB dj| Dw™¢` weÁv‡b G¸‡jv cÖK…Z dj e‡j| me mgq Avevi wbwl³
cwic° Mf©vkq †_‡K dj Drcbœ nq bv| wb‡lK Qvov Mf©vkq we‡kl cÖwµqvq A_©vr cv‡_©‡bv‡RwbwUKfv‡e ev wW¤^K
mivmwi d‡j cwiYZ nq| Gme d‡j exR _v‡K bv| †hgb : Mf©vkq QvovI m¤ú~Y© cy®úgÄyix d‡j iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡Z
cv‡i G¸‡jv‡K AcÖK…Z dj e‡j| Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi cÖK…Z ev AcÖK…Z dj cwiYZ ev cvKv Ae¯’vq ivbœv QvovB
LvIqv nq Zv‡`i‡K D`¨vbZvwZ¡K dj e‡j| D`¨vbZ‡Z¡i †h kvLvq dj, wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i Zv‡K dj weÁvb ev
†cv‡gvjwR (Pomology) e‡j|

d‡ji †kªYxweb¨vm
1. dj‡K wewfbœfv‡e †kªYxweb¨vm Kiv hvq Zv wb‡gœ D‡jøL Kiv nj
1) Rxeb Kv‡ji Dci wfwË K‡i-
K) ¯^í‡gqv`x dj : Kjv, †cu‡c, Avbvim|
L) `xN©‡gqv`x dj : Avg, KvVvj, Rvg, wjPz|
2) DrcwË ev Drm Abymv‡i
K) cÖK„Z dj-Avg, Rvg, wjPz, †cu‡c|
L) AcÖK…Z dj-Av‡cj, bvkcvwZ, PvjZv|
2. cy®c gÄyixi f‚wgKvi Dci wfwË K‡i-
K) mij dj-hLb GKwU dz‡ji GKwU A_ev A‡bK¸wj hy³ Mf©cÎ wewkó Mf©vkq d‡j cwiYZ nq| †hgb-
Avg, Rvg
L) ¸”Q dj-hLb eû hy³nxb Mf©cÎ wewkó dz‡ji cÖwZwU Mf©cÎ c„_K d‡j cwiYZ nq hv GKK dj¸‡jv
¸”QvKv‡i _v‡K| †hgb-AvZv, kixdv|
3. civMvq‡bi wfwˇZ
K) ¯^-civMx dj : †cqviv, Wzgyi, Av½yi, AvgjKx
L) ci-civMx dj : Avg, Rvg, wjPz, †cu‡c
M) ¯^ I cicivMx dj : KuvVvj, †jey RvZxq dj BZ¨vw`|

D`¨vb dmj c„ôv # 231

I‡cb ¯‹zj GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

Rjevqyi Pvwn`vi Dci wfwË K‡i

K) Dò gÛjxq dj : †LRyi, A¨v‡f †K‡Wv, Kjv, Avg, KuvVvj BZ¨vw`|
L) AeDògÐjxq dj t †cqviv,Wvwjg, Kzj, Kjv, RjcvB
M) kxZgÐjxq dj t ÷ª‡eix, cxP, Av½yi, Av‡cj|

d‡ji ¸iæZ¡
gvby‡li Lv`¨ ZvwjKvq dj GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ¯’vb `Lj K‡i Av‡Q dj †h‡nZz ivbœv K‡i LvIqv nq bv e‡j mg¯Í
cywó Dcv`vb AweK…Z Ae¯’vq †`n MÖnY K‡i| Lv`¨ wn‡m‡eB bq, RxebhvÎvi gvb Dbœq‡b, wPwKrmv kv‡¯¿, mvgvwRK
Kg©Kv‡Û BZ¨vw`‡Z dj wewfbœfv‡e Ae`vb ivL‡Q| dj Pv‡li ¸iæZ¡ ms‡ÿ‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj|
1| cywó mieiv‡n d‡ji Ae`vb :
me d‡jB me ai‡Yi cywó Dcv`vb Kg‡ewk Av‡Q| we‡kl K‡i wfUvwgb I LwbR c`v‡_©i me‡P‡q mg„× Ges
m‡e©vrK…ó Drm n‡jv dj| †Kvb d‡j wK cwigvY cywó Dcv`vb AwaK i‡q‡Q Zv _v‡K Zv eY©bv Kiv n‡jv-
kK©iv : wKmwgm, †LRyi, Avg, Kjv, †ej, KuvVvj
Pwe© : KvRy ev`vg, A¨v‡f‡K‡Wv, ev`vg, KvVvj exR BZ¨vw`|
LwbR jeY : †LRyi, Kjv, wjPz, †ej, KvRyev`vg
wfUvwgb : wfUvwgb G-cvKv Avg, cvKv †cu‡c, KuvVvj, Kgjv †LRyi, wfUvwgb we-1 (_vqvwgb)-Kjv, KvRyev`vg-
wfUvwgb we-2 †ej, †c‡c, wjPz, Avbvi Wvwjg| wfUvwgb wm-AvgjKx, †cqviv, Kgjv, †jey I Avbvim|
cvwb- ZigyR, bvwi‡Kj, Avbvim|
2| Drcv`b e„wׇZ d‡ji Ae`vb : `vbvRvZxq Lv`¨ k‡m¨i Mo dj‡b †P‡q d‡ji Mo djb A‡bK †ewk nq d‡j
K…lK GKK RvqMv †_‡K jvfevb nq|
3| dj Pv‡l cwZZ Rwg e¨envi : A‡bK cwZZ Rwg, emZevwoi Av‡k cv‡k, cyKzi cv‡o, iv¯Ívi cv‡k wewfbœ
cÖwZôv‡bi msjMœ Rwg †hLv‡b gvV dmj Rb¥v‡bv m¤¢e nq bv GB me Rwg ev RvqMvq mwVK e¨envi ïay dj
MvQ jvwM‡q m¤¢e|
4| Avq e„wׇZ d‡ji Ae`vb : `vbv RvZxq km¨ A‡cÿv d‡ji Mo djb †ewk †Zgwb d‡ji `vg I A‡bK †ewk|
dj Pv‡l K…lK Lv`¨ k‡m¨i †P‡q dj Pv‡l A‡bK †ewk Avq Ki‡Z cv‡i| dj evMv‡b AvšÍtkm¨ †hgb-Av`v,
njy` Pvl K‡i evowZ Avq Ki‡Z cv‡i|
5| Jla wn‡m‡e d‡j Ae`vb : wewfbœ cÖKvi dj Jla wn‡m‡e LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †hgb : †c‡Ui cxovq †ej I ‡c‡c
†L‡Z ejv nq| wÎdjv (AvgjwK, nwiZwK I eqiv) wewfbœ †iv‡Mi Jla wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| dj QvovI Mv‡Qi
wewfbœ Ask †hgb: Qvj, cvZv, gyj Jlwa wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq|
6| bZzb wkí ¯’vcb I Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó‡Z d‡ji Ae`vb
wewfbœ dj I djRvZ `ª‡e¨i Dcv`v‡bi Rb¨ bZzb wkí ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó Kiv m¤¢e| d‡ji
evwYwR¨K bvm©vix ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g ¯^”QjZv Avbv m¤¢e| †`‡k d‡ji im, AvPvi, †¯‹vqvk, R¨vg, †Rwj BZ¨vw`i
Rb¨ bZzb bZzb wkí cÖwZôvb Ki‡j we‡`k †_‡K Gme Avg`vwb Ki‡Z n‡e bv| Gi d‡j cÖPzi ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv
AcPq †_‡K iÿv Kiv m¤¢e| GQvov eq¯‹ dj Mv‡Qi KvV †_‡K AvmevecÎ ˆZwi Ges Wvjcvjv R¡vjvbx
wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nq|
7| RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z d‡ji Ae`vb
d‡ji Drcv`b e„w×i gva¨‡g cÖPzi ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©b Kiv m¤¢e| we‡`k †_‡K dj I djRvZ Avg`vbx Ki‡Z
A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb nq| †hLv‡b dj I djRvZ `ªe¨ evsjv‡`‡k Drcbœ n‡j RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb
ivL‡e|
8| cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ iÿvq d‡ji Ae`vb : dj MvQ iv¯Ívi `yav‡i gvwU ÿq †iva K‡i, Qvqv cÖ`vb K‡i AwZe„wó
I S‡oi ZxeªZv Kgvq d‡j cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ iÿv K‡i|

c„ôv # 232 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K…wl wkÿv 1gcÎ BDwbU-8

dz‡ji cwiwPwZ I †kªYxweb¨vm

D`¨vbZË¡ dm‡ji g‡a¨ †h me dmj ïay dz‡ji Rb¨ Pvl Kiv nq Zv‡K dzjRvZxq dmj e‡j| dzj I my`„k¨
MvQcvjv Drcv`‡bi Kjv‡KŠkj cy‡¯úv`¨vb we`¨v ev Floriculture bv‡g AwfwnZ| dzj I my`„k¨ MvQcvjv †K g~jZ
`yBwU fv‡M fvM Kiv nq| (1) el©Rxex (GKel©Rxex) Ges `xN©Rxex (eûel© Rxex)|

el©Rxex dzj : Gme Rv‡Zi dzj †Kvb we‡kl FZz‡Z ev mg‡q R‡b¥ Ges dzj †`qvi ci g‡i hvq †m¸‡jv‡K †gŠmygx
dzj e‡j|
1. kxZKvjxb dzj : evsjv‡`‡k ga¨-A‡±vei †_‡K ga¨ GwcÖj ch©šÍ dzj dz‡U †hgb Wvwjqv, P›`ªgwjøKv, Muv`v,
Kmgm, cwc wcUzwbqv, jywcb, Wvqvš’vm|
2. MÖx¯§Kvjxb dzj : Gme dzj ga¨ GwcÖj †_‡K ga¨ A‡±vei ch©šÍ dzj dz‡U †hgb: †`vcvwU, †evZvg dzj,
†gviMdzj, m~h©gyLx BZ¨vw`|
3. ev‡ivgvmx dzj : †me dzj kxZ A_ev Mªx®§ †h †Kvb mg‡q R‡b¥ Zv‡K Dfq †gŠmy‡gi dzj e‡j| †hgb: m~h©gyLx,
wRwbqv BZ¨vw`| Avevi wjwj RvZxq dyj i‡q‡Q †hgb: KjveZx, †`vjbPvcv, DjUPÛvj, †W wjwj,
A¨vmcvivMvm BZ¨vw`|

eûel©Rxex : Gme dzj I my`„k¨ MvQ G‡Ki AwaK eQi †eu‡P _v‡K| G‡`i‡K Qq fv‡M fvM Kiv nq|
1. jZv RvZxq : AcivwRZv, evMvbwejvm, Szg‡KvjZv, gvaexjZv|
2. †Svc RvZxq MvQ : †Mvjvc, †ejx, hyB, MÜivR, gwjøKv, gymvÛv|
3. e„ÿ RvZxq MvQ : Pvcv, bv‡Mk¦i Pvcv, K…òPzov, eKdzj, Rviæj, †mvbvjy, KvÂb, SvD, cvg, _yRv BZ¨vw`|
4. K¨vKUvm : wewfbœ ai‡bi RvZ I cÖRvwZ|
5. AwK©W : †W‡Ûvweqvg, Gwc‡WÛªvg, wmgwewWqvg M‡Yi AwK©W|
6. dvY© : †gB‡Wb †nqvi dvY©, ÷¨vMbU nY©, †nwgIwbwUm|
Avevi A‡bK RjR Dw™¢` i‡q‡Q †hgb kvcjv, cvbk~j evMv‡bi †mŠ›`h© ea©b K‡i|

dz‡ji ¸iæZ¡
dzj Gi †mŠ›`h© I myMÜ gvby‡li wP‡Ëi Z…wß`v‡bi AwZ DrK…ó Dcv`vb| cwi‡ek †mŠ›`h© ea©‡b A‡bK my`„k¨
MvQcvjv evMv‡b _vK‡j Zv mgv‡Ri gvby‡li Avb›` `vb K‡i| wewfbœ ai‡bi mvgvwRK, ivóªxq, ag©xq Abyôv‡b dzj
e¨envi n‡q Avm‡Q| †hgb Rb¥w`‡b, weev‡n, Af¨_©bvq, kª×vÄwj‡Z, we`vq, †Uwej I M„nm¾vq cÖavb DcKiY
dzj| dyj`vwb‡Z wbqwgZ UvUKv dzj mvwR‡q ivLv e¨w³i iæwP‡ev‡ai cwiPvqK| Rvcvbx‡`i dz‡ji e¨envi me‡P‡q
†ewk †`Lv hvq| Rvcv‡b cy®cm¾v wkí n‡q `vwo‡q‡Q| GQvov evwoi mvg‡b I ¯‹zj K‡jR cÖwZôvb cÖv½‡b dzj
evMvb Rb mvavi‡Yi gbt Zzwó I cwi‡ek Dbœq‡bi GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ DcKiY| dzj ïay g‡bi Avb›` †`q bv, dzj
†_‡K †gŠgvwQ Ag~j¨ m¤ú` gay msMÖn K‡i| bvbvwea myMÜhy³ dz‡ji wbh©vm †_‡K cviwdDg, †m›U, AvZi BZ¨vw`
ˆZwi nq| A‡bK DbœZ †`‡k dzj I my`„k¨ Mv‡Qi evwYwR¨K wfwˇZ Drcv`b K‡i A_©‰bwZKfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨
f‚wgKv ivL‡Q|

gmjvi cwiwPwZ I ¸iæZ¡

Lv`¨`ªe¨‡K my¯^v`y I gyL‡ivPK Kivi Rb¨ †hme dmj e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K ‡m¸‡jv‡K gmjvRvZxq dmj e‡j| †hgb
Av`v, njy`, wcuqvR, imyb, BZ¨vw`| evsjv‡`‡k Kgc‡ÿ 25 ai‡Yi gmjv dm‡ji Pvl nq| Gi g‡a¨ Av`v, njy`,
wcuqvR, imyb, gwiP I awbqv‡K cÖavb I Ab¨vb¨ gmjv dmj‡K AcÖavb wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| gmjvi cywógvb I
Jlwa ¸Y Abb¨| Lv`¨‡K my¯^v`y Kiv QvovI Lv`¨ msiÿY I Gi ¸Yv¸Y iÿv‡_© e¨vcKfv‡e gmjv e¨eüZ nq|

D`¨vb dmj c„ôv # 233

I‡cb ¯‹zj GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

gmjvi †kÖYxweb¨vm :
1. gmjv t †hgb- gwiP, Av`v, †MvjgwiP, awbqv BZ¨vw`
2. myMwÜ gmjv t †hgb- GjvP, ‡ZRcvZv, wRiv, KvjwRiv BZ¨vw`

gmjv dm‡ji A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡

gmjv Pvl A_©‰bwZKfv‡e jvfRbK| gmjv Pvl, cÖwµqvRvZKiY, ¸`vg RvZKi‡Y A‡bK †eKvi †jv‡Ki Kg©ms¯’vb
n‡”Q| eZ©gv‡b gmjv cÖwµqvRvZKiY I c¨v‡KU AvKv‡i evRviRvZKiY n‡”Q| mv‡_ mv‡_ we‡`‡k ißvwb evov‡j
cÖPzi ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv Avq m¤¢e n‡e| Avgv‡`i †`‡k cÖwZeQi gmjv Avg`vwbi Rb¨ A‡bK ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv e¨q nq|
gmjv wewfbœ ai‡bi Jla, Lv`¨ `ªe¨ msiÿ‡Y, †eKvix I cÖmvab wk‡í e¨envi n‡”Q| GQvov e‡¯¿i is, mycvbxq I
myMwÜ cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z gmjv e¨envi nq|

gmjv dm‡ji †flR ¸iæZ¡

gmjvi A‡bK Ilywa¸b i‡q‡Q| gmjv Jla wk‡íI e¨envi Kiv nq| Av`v-mw`© Kvwk, nRg kw³ evov‡bv I
evqybvkK wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| njy` kix‡i †mŠ›`h©PP©v, ÿZ wbivgq K‡i| imyb-ü`‡ivM, D”Pi³ Pvc, e¨v_vq fv‡jv
KvR K‡i| wRiv-Avgvkq †iv‡M e¨eüZ nq, Kv‡jvwRiv-A‡bK †iv‡M KvR K‡i, wcuqvR-VvÛv Kvwk‡Z Pz‡j e¨envi
nq|

wkÿv_©xiv `jMZfv‡e dzj dj I gmjvi evMvb cwi`k©b K‡i cwiwPwZ I ¸iæZ¡

wkÿv_©xi KvR m¤ú‡K© cÖwZ‡e`b Rgv †`‡e|

mvivsk
dj ej‡Z wbwl³ cwic° Mf©vkq‡K eySvq| wbwl³ cwic° Mf©vkq QvovI we‡kl cÖwµqvq A_©vr
cv‡_©v‡bv‡RwbwUKfv‡e ev wW¤^K mivmwi d‡j cwiYZ nq| G¸‡jv‡K AcÖK…Z dj e‡j| cÖK…Z ev AcÖK…Z dj
cwiYZ ev cvKv Ae¯’vq ivbœv QvovB LvIqv nq Zv‡`i‡K D`¨vbZvwË¡K dj e‡j| dj †h‡nZz ivbœv K‡i LvIqv
nq bv ZvB mg¯Í cywó Dcv`vb AweK…Z Ae¯’vq †`n MÖnY K‡i| GQvov Jlwa wn‡m‡e, mvgvwRK Kg©Kv‡Ð dj
¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb ivL‡Q| D`¨vbZË¡ dm‡ji g‡a¨ †hme dmj ïay dz‡ji Rb¨ Pvl Kiv nq Zv‡K dzjRvZxq
dmj e‡j| el©Rxex dzj‡K kxZKvjxb, MÖx®§Kvjxb I Dfq †gŠmy‡gi GB wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv nq| dzj Pv‡li
Rb¨ Avgv‡`i †`‡ki AvenvIqv †ek Dc‡hvMx ZvB dzj Pvl K‡i Drcvw`Z dzj we‡`‡k ißvwb K‡i cÖPzi
ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©b Kiv hvq Ges AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb Gi my‡hvM m„wó nq| Lv`¨ `ªe¨‡K my¯^v`y I gyL‡ivPK Kivi
Rb¨ †hme dj e¨eüZ nq †m¸‡jv‡K gmjv RvZxq dmj e‡j| †hgb-Av`v, njy`, wcuqvR, imyb BZ¨vw`|
gmjv wewfbœ ai‡Yi Jla, Lv`¨ `ªe¨ msiÿ‡Y †eKvix, cÖkvab, cvbxq I †flR wn‡m‡e e¨envi n‡”Q| †`‡ki
A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b h‡_ó f‚wgKv ivL‡Q|

c„ôv # 234 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K…wl wkÿv 1gcÎ BDwbU-8

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-8.1
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| †Kvb¸‡jv ev‡ivgvmx dzj?
K) m~h©gyLx, wRwbqv, KjveZx L) Wvwjqv, Muv`v, Kmgm
M) †`vcvwU, †evZvg dzj, †gviMdzj N) †ejx, gwjøKv, hyB|
2| wb‡Pi †KvbwU `xN©Rxex dzj?
K) wRwbqv L) wjwj
M) Puvcv N) †gviMdzj|
3| dj ej‡Z wK †evSvq?
K) wbwl³ Mf©vkq L) cwic° Mf©vkq
M) cwic° cuvcwo N) wbwl³ I cwic° Mf©vkq|
4| ‡KvbwU mim dj?
K) Avg L) mycvix
M) KvVev`vg N) GwcÖKU|
5| DògÐjxq dj †KvbwU?
K) ÷ª‡eix L) Av½yi
M) Kjv N) Av‡cj|
6| myMwÜ gmjv †KvbwU?
K) gwiP L) GjvP
M) wcuqvR N) njy`

D`¨vb dmj c„ôv # 235

I‡cb ¯‹zj GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-8.2 Kzj Pvl

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 Kz‡ji RvZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
 Kz‡ji Rjevqy I eskwe¯Ívi eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 Kz‡ji Pvl c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã evDKzj, Kzwo ms‡hvRb, dj wQ`ªKvix †cvKv|

Kzj‡K Bs‡iwR‡Z Ber ev Jujube e‡j| eZ©gv‡b Kzj Pvl e¨vcKfv‡e RbwcªqZv jvf K‡i‡Q|
evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi DrK…ó RvZ D™¢ve‡bi d‡j evwYwR¨Kfv‡e Kz‡ji Pvl †e‡o‡Q| Kz‡j
h‡_ó cwigv‡Y wfUvwgb G, wfUvwgb wm I LwYR jeY Av‡Q| Kz‡ji dzj †c‡Ui M¨vm I iæwP ea©‡Ki Jla wn‡m‡e
e¨eüZ nq| Kzj I cvZv Df‡qB ÿZ †iv‡Mi Rb¨ DcKvix| Kzj KvPv I cvKv Dfq Ae¯’vq LvIqv nq| GQvovI
AvPvi, PvUwb ˆZwi Kiv hvq| evsjv‡`‡k we‡kl K‡i ewikvj, Lyjbv, ivRkvnx, Kzwgjøv, mvZÿxiv, gqgbwms‡n
DrK…ó Rv‡Zi Pvl n‡q _v‡K|
Kz‡ji RvZ
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bwbw÷wUDU †_‡K D™¢vweZ RvZ¸‡jv n‡jv evwi Kzj-1, 2, 3,
4| evsjv‡`k K…wl wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K D™¢vweZ RvZ¸‡jv nj-evDKzj-1, evDKzj-2,
evDKzj-3| GQvovI Av‡cj Kzj, bvwi‡Kjx Kzj D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
Rjevqy I gvwU
Kzj Rb¨ ﮋ I Dò AvenvIqv cÖ‡qvRb| Kzj Av`ª© AvenvIqvq Pvl Aby‡cv‡hvMx| DuPz
ev gvvSvwi Rwg, †`vAvk gvwU‡Z Kz‡ji Pvl fv‡jv nq, Z‡e me gvwU‡ZB Pvl Kiv
hvq|
eskwe¯Ívi wPÎ 8.2.1 : Kzj
exR I Kjg Dfq gva¨‡g esk we¯Ívi Kiv hvq| Kuywo ms‡hvRb K‡i †h‡Kvb Kzj
MvQ‡K wgwó Rv‡Z ev DbœZ Rv‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv hvq| †mRb¨ Kzwo ms‡hvRbB me‡P‡q Dc‡hvMx c×wZ| ex‡Ri
gva¨‡g Pviv Mv‡Q gvZ…¸Y _v‡K bv Ges dj Avm‡Z mgq †ewk jv‡M| mvaviYZ Kz‡j
wis ev wU evwWs Kiv nq|
Rwg I MZ© ˆZwi
Rwg 4/5 evi Pvl w`‡j fv‡jv nq| 6-7 wgUvi `y‡i `y‡i 1wg.1wg.1wg. MZ© ˆZwi
Ki‡Z n‡e|
mvi cÖ‡qvM : Kz‡ji Rb¨ cÖwZ M‡Z© 25-30 †KwR †Mvei mvi, 250 MÖvg wUGmwc, 250
wPÎ 8.2.2 : wU evwWs
MÖvg Ggwc Ges 300 MÖvg BDwiqv mvi wgwk‡q MZ© fivU K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|
Wvj QvUvB KviY
cÖ‡Z¨K eQi dj msMÖ‡ni ci Wvj QuvUvB Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY bZzb Wv‡j dzj †ewk nq| dj Avmvi Av‡M miæ, `ye©j
I †ivMvµvšÍ Nb Wvj †K‡U cvZjv K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| G‡Z K‡i dj †ewk a‡i|

c„ôv # 236 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K…wl wkÿv 1gcÎ BDwbU-8

†cvKvgvKo I †ivM evjvB `gb e¨e¯’v

dj wQ`ªKvix †cvKv : Kz‡ji Rb¨ djwQ`ªKvix †cvKv me‡P‡q ÿwZKi| ïKKxU d‡j MZ© K‡i Gi kvm Lvq G‡Z
dj Avi LvIqvi Dc‡hvMx _v‡K bv| Mv‡Q dj aivi ci mywgw_qb ev g¨vjvw_qb 2 wg.wj nv‡i 15w`b ci ci ‡¯úª
Ki‡Z n‡e|
d‡ji gvwQ †cvKv : Kxov d‡ji wfZi Xz‡K kuvm †L‡Z _v‡K Ges dj LvIqvi Aby‡cv‡hvMx n‡q hvq| cÖwZ 10
wjUvi cvwb‡Z 10-15 wj. WvqvwRbb wgwk‡q dj cvKvi Av‡M †¯úª Ki‡j fv‡jv dj cvIqv hvq|
GQvovI d‡ji gvKo, weQv †cvKv I †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq Kzj Mv‡Qi gvivZ¥K ÿwZi KviY nq|
Kz‡ji cvDWvix wgjwWD †ivM : G †iv‡M Mv‡Qi cvZv, dzj I KwP dj AvµvšÍ nq| AvµvšÍ dzj I dj S‡i c‡o|
cvZv, dzj I d‡ji Dc‡i mv`v aymyi cvDWvi †`Lv hvq Ges cvZv bó nq| †e‡`©v wgkÖY cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j G †ivM `gb
Kiv hvq|
d‡ji cPb : G †iv‡Mi d‡j cÖ_‡g nvjKv ev`vwg `vM c‡o Ges dj‡K cuwP‡q †d‡j| G †iv‡Mi Rb¨ WvB‡_b Gg
45, 2 MÖvg Jlwa 1 wj. cvwb‡Z †¯úª Ki‡Z n‡e|
dj msMÖn : Kj‡gi Mv‡Q 2-3 eQ‡ii g‡a¨B dzj Av‡m| †m‡Þ¤^i-A‡±vei gv‡m dzj Avmvi ci 3-4 gv‡mB dj
cwic° nq| dj nvjKv njy`fve n‡j wb‡P Rvj †c‡Z Wvj SuvKzwb w`‡q msMÖn Kiv hvq|
djb
Mv‡Qi eqm †f‡` cÖwZ MvQ †_‡K 150 †KwR dj msMÖn Kiv nq|

wkÿv_©xi KvR Kzj Pv‡li Dci cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi Ki‡e|

mvivsk
Kzj evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b e¨cKfv‡e RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡i‡Q| Kuywo ms‡hvRb K‡i †h‡Kv‡bv Kzj MvQ‡K wgwó Rv‡Z
ev DbœZ Rv‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv hvq| Kz‡ji RvZ¸wj evwiKzj 1, 2, 3, 4 evDKzj 1, 2, 3, Av‡cj Kzj I
bvwi‡Kjx Kzj D‡jøL‡hvM¨| cÖ‡Z¨K eQi dj msMÖ‡ni ci Wvj QvUvB Ki‡Z n‡e| d‡j wQ`ªKvix †cvKv, gvwQ
†cvKv nj Kz‡ji ÿwZKi †cvKv| cvDWvix wgjwWD †ivM I d‡ji cPb †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y Kz‡ji e¨cK ÿwZ nq|
Mv‡Qi eqm †f‡` cÖwZ MvQ †_‡K 150 †KwR dj msMÖn Kiv nq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-8.2
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| wK‡mi gva¨‡g Kzj‡K wgwó Rv‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv hvq?
K) KvwUs L) ex‡Ri gva¨‡g
M) †jqvi MÖvdwUs N) Kzwo ms‡hvRb
2| KLb Kz‡ji Wvj QuvUvB‡qi cÖ‡qvRb nq?
K) dj Avmvi mgq L) dzj Avmvi ci
M) dj Avmvi Av‡M N) dj msMÖ‡ni ci
3| †Kvb †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡j Kz‡ji cvZvq aymi mv`v cvDWv‡ii gZ †`Lv hvq?
K) cvDWv‡ii wgjwWD L) Gb_ªvK‡bvR
M) d‡ji cPb N) K¨vÝvi

D`¨vb dmj c„ôv # 237

I‡cb ¯‹zj GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-8.3 †cqvivi Pvl

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 †cqvivi RvZ, eskwe¯Ívi m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 †cqvivi Rjevqy I gvwU m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 †cqviv Pvl c×wZ Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã KvRx †cqviv, wfUvwgb wm, e‡`©v‡có, WvBe¨vK, e¨vwMs|

†cqviv GKwU AZ¨šÍ cywóKi dj| †cqvivq cÖPzi wfUvwgb wm i‡q‡Q| ‡cqviv Øviv R¨vg, †Rwj ˆZwi
nq| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvq me RvqMv‡ZB GB d‡ji Pvl n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e ewikvj, wc‡ivRcyi, SvjKvwV,
MvRxcyi, cve©Z¨ A‡j evwYwR¨K Pvl n‡q _v‡K|
†cqviv RvZ : evsjv‡`‡k †cqvivi RvZ¸‡jv nj-evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv †_‡K D™¢vweZ
RvZ KvRx †cqviv, evwi †cqviv-2| evsjv‡`k K…wl wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K evD‡cqviv-1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Ges e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb K…wl wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K D™¢vweZ
RvZ-Bcmv †cqviv| Gme Rv‡Zi cvkvcvwk Ab¨vb¨ RvZ¸‡jv n‡jv- ¯^iƒcKvwV,
KvÂbMi, _vB †cqviv, gyK›`cyix| †cqvivi cywóDcv`vb wb‡¤œi Q‡K †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:
wPÎ 8.3.1 : †cqviv
Dcv`vb cwigvY Dcv`vb cwigvY
Rjxq Ask (MÖvg) 81.7 K¨vjwmqvg (wg. MÖvg) 10
‡gvU LwbR c`v_© †jŠn (wg. MÖvg)
0.7 1.4
(MÖvg)
nRg‡hvM¨ Auvk K¨v‡ivwUb (gvB‡µvMÖvg)
5.2 100
(MÖvg)
Lv`¨kw³ wfUvwgb we1 (wg. MÖvg)
51 0.21
(wK‡jvK¨vjix)
Avwgl (MÖvg) 0.9 wfUvwgb we2 (wg. MÖvg) 0.09
Pwe© (MÖvg) 0.3 wfUvwgb wm (wg. MÖvg) 210
kK©iv (MÖvg) 11.2
Rjevqy I gvwU
†h‡Kv‡bv AvenvIqvB †cqviv Pvl Kiv hvq| Z‡e †cqvivi Rb¨ 23-28 †m. ZvcgvÎv fv‡jv| AwaK e„wócv‡Z
†cqvivi ¯^v` cvb‡m nq| evwl©K 100 †_‡K 102 †m.wg. e„wócvZ cÖ‡qvRb nq| dzj Avmvi mgq ﮋ AvenvIqv
DËg| †cqviv me gvwU‡Z fv‡jvfv‡e Rb¥vq Z‡e Rjve×Zv mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| mywb®‹vwkZ De©i Rwg †cqviv
Pv‡li Rb¨ DËg|
eskwe¯Ívi
†cqviv mvaviYZ exR I Kjg w`‡q eskwe¯Ívi Kiv nq| exR †_‡K dj Avm‡Z †`wi nq| ex‡Ri Mv‡Q ¸YMZ gvb

c„ôv # 238 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K…wl wkÿv 1gcÎ BDwbU-8

wVK _v‡K bv| ZvB Kj‡gi Pviv jvMv‡bvB DËg| †cqvivi mvaviYZ ¸wU Kjg, †Rvo Kjg w`‡q Pviv ˆZwi Kiv
nq| Gi g‡a¨ ¸wU KjgB RbwcÖq c×wZ|

wPÎ 8.3.2 : †cqvivi ¸wU Kjg

Rwg ˆZwi I mvi cÖ‡qvM

Rwg‡Z K‡qKevi Pvl w`‡q fv‡jvfv‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq| Zvici 50 †m.wg.50†m.wg50 †m.wg AvKv‡ii Ges
5wgUvi5 wgUvi `y‡i `y‡i MZ© ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| Gici cÖwZ M‡Z© 20-25 †KwR †Mvei mvi, 250 MÖvg wUGmwc
Ges 200 MÖvg Ggwc mvi gvwUi mv‡_ fv‡jvfv‡e wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| c~Y© eq®‹ Mv‡Q 10 †KwR ‡Mvei mvi, BDwiqv
wUGmwc, Ggwc 200 MÖvg K‡i eQ‡i `yBevi gvP©-GwcÖj gv‡m, evwK †m‡Þ¤^i-A‡±vei cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
Pviv †ivcb
†cqvivi Pviv mvaviYZ †g †_‡K RyjvB gv‡m jvMv‡bv fv‡jv| Z‡e †m‡Pi e¨e¯’v _vK‡j †h‡Kv‡bv mgq jvMv‡bv †h‡Z
cv‡i| M‡Z©i gvSLv‡b Pviv ewm‡q Pviw`‡K gvwU Pvcv w`‡Z n‡e| Pvivi mv‡_ LywU †eu‡a w`‡Z n‡e hv‡Z †n‡j bv c‡o|

†mP I AvšÍtcwiPh©v
cÖ‡qvRb gvwdK I wbqwgZ †mP w`‡j †cqvivi dj eo I djb fvj nq| gvwU‡Z i‡mi Afve n‡j dyj-dj S‡i
c‡i| ﯋ †gŠmy‡g nvjKv †mP w`‡Z n‡e| †cqviv msMÖ‡ni ci nvjKv QvUvB Ki‡Z n‡e| Mv‡Qi †Mvov †_‡K kvLv
‡ei nq Zv †Qu‡U †dj‡Z n‡e| ﮋ, †ivMvµvšÍ I giv Wvj †K‡U w`‡Z n‡e|
†ivM I †cvKv gvKo `gb
†ivM`gb
†cqvivi Gb_ªvK‡bvR †ivM : Bnv GKwU QÎvKRwbZ †ivM| †cqvivi cvZv, KvÛ, kvLv I dj AvµvšÍ nq| cÖ_g
w`‡K †cqvivi Mv‡q †QvU †QvU ev`vwg `vM nq Zv µgvš^‡q eo n‡q ÿ‡Zi m„wó K‡i| d‡ji kuvm k³ nq Ges dj
†d‡U hvq| Mv‡Qi wb‡P AvµvšÍ cvZv I dj cywo‡q †dj‡Z n‡e| AvµgY †ewk n‡j wUë 250 Bwm cÖwZ wjUvi
cvwb‡Z 0.5 wg.wj. Abycv‡Z wgwk‡q 15w`b ci ci †¯úª Ki‡Z n‡e|
†cqviv X‡j cov †ivM : G †ivM n‡j cÖ_‡g cvZv njy` is aviY K‡i| Mv‡Qi AvMv ïwK‡q hvq Ges gviv hvq| G
†ivM n‡j MvQ †Mvovmn Zz‡j †dj‡Z n‡e|
WvB e¨vK (WMv giv) : Mv‡Qi KwP Wvj ïwK‡q hvq| AvµvšÍ Wv‡j e‡`©v‡có ev e‡`©vwgkÖY (1%) †¯úª Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i|
†cvKv `gb : †cqviv Mv‡Q wgwj evM AvµgY †ewk †`Lv hvq| G †cvKv cvZv Pz‡l Lvq| AvµvšÍ cvZv msMÖn K‡i
cywo‡q ‡dj‡Z n‡e| †cqvivi ÿwZKi †cvKv nj gvwQ †cvKv| G‡`i Kxov dj wQ`ª K‡i d‡j cÖ‡ek K‡i d‡ji
kuvm †L‡Z _v‡K| G †cvKv `g‡b Dch©y³ e¨e¯’v nj e¨vwMs Kiv| GQvovI AvµvšÍ dj msMÖn K‡i aŸsm Ki‡Z
n‡e| dj cvKvi wZb gvm †_‡K mwVK KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j Avkvbyiƒc dj cvIqv hvq|
dj AvniY
†cqviv Mv‡Q eQ‡i `yevi dzj Av‡m| gvP© GwcÖ‡j GKevi †m‡Þ¤^i-A‡±ve‡i Avi GKevi dzj Av‡m| dzj †ei nIqv

D`¨vb dmj c„ôv # 239

I‡cb ¯‹zj GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

†_‡K dj Avni‡Yi Dchy³ n‡Z mgq 4-5 gvm jv‡M| dj meyR †_‡K nj‡` meyR is aviY Ki‡j dj msMÖn
Ki‡Z n‡e|
djb
fv‡jv RvZ, †hgb KvRx †cqvivi ev evwi †cqviv 2 M‡o 130 †KwR Ges 100 †KwR djb w`‡Z cv‡i|

wkÿv_©xi KvR †cqvivi Pvlev` c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mvivsk

†cqviv wfUvwgb wm mg„× GKwU my¯^v`y dj| †cqvivi Rb¨ 23-28 †m. ZvcgvÎv DËg| mywb®‹vwkZ DuPz †`vAuvk
gvwU Dc‡hvMx| †cqviv mvaviYZ: ¸wU Kj‡gi gva¨‡g Pviv ˆZwi Kiv nq| †cqvivi G¨vb_ªvK‡bvR, X‡j cov,
WvBe¨vK †iv‡M AvµvšÍ nq| d‡ji gvwQ †cvKv, wgwj evM †cvKv me‡P‡q †ewk ÿwZ K‡i| dj nj‡` meyR is
aviY Ki‡j msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-8.3
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| †cqvivi Rb¨ KZ `~‡i `~‡i MZ© ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e?
K) 5wg.5wg. L) 3wg3wg.
M) 2wg.2wg. N) 10wg.10wg.
2| ‡cqvivi G¨vb_ªvK‡bvR wK †ivM?
K) e¨v‡Uwiqv RwbZ †ivM L) QÎvKRwbZ †ivM
M) fvBivmRwbZ †ivM N) ciRxex RwbZ †ivM
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 4 I 5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
Rwgi 3 weNv DuPz Rwg‡Z avb Pvl K‡iwQ‡jb wKš‘ av‡bi †Zgb jvf Ki‡Z bv cvivq wPšÍvq c‡o †M‡jb| Zvi GK
AvZ¥xq Zv‡K DbœZ Rv‡Zi †cqviv Pvl Ki‡Z ej‡jb| K„wl Kg©KZ©v civgk© wb‡q †cqviv Pvl ïiæ Ki‡jb|
3| Rwgi av‡bi e`‡j wK Pvl ïiæ Ki‡jb?
K) †cqviv L) KuvVvj
M) Avjy N) avb
4| RvwK‡ii †cqviv Pvl ïiæ Ki‡jb †Kb?
i) †cqvivi `vg †ewk ii) DuPz Rwg avb Pv‡l Abyc‡hvMx
iii) Drcv`b LiP Kg|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii

c„ôv # 240 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K…wl wkÿv 1gcÎ BDwbU-8

cvV-8.4 Kgjv Pvl

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 Kgjvi RvZ, eskwe¯Ívi m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 Kgjvi Rjevqy I gvwU m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 Kgjvi Pvl c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã †jey RvZxq Kgjv, A¤øxq gvwU, d‡ji gvwQ †cvKv

Kgjv nj †jeyRvZxq d‡ji g‡a¨ mvivwe‡k¦ me‡P‡q cwiwPZ RbwcÖq I wfUvwgb wm mg„× GKwU DrK…ó
dj| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k Kgjvi evwYwR¨K Pvlvev` ïiæ n‡q‡Q| e„nËi wm‡jU, iv½vgvwU, LvMovQwo,
cÂMo Kgjv Pv‡li Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx|
Kjgvi RvZ
Kgjvi A‡bK RvZ i‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i †`‡k RbwcÖq RvZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Lvwmqv, evwi Kgjv-1, evwi Kgjv-2, bvMcyix
D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
Kgjvi Pv‡li Dc‡hvMx Rjevqy I gvwU
Kgjv †hme A‡j e„wócvZ fv‡jv nq †mLv‡bB
fv‡jv R‡b¥| Kgjv MvQ 55 dv‡ibnvBU †_‡K 100
 dv‡ibnvBU ZvcgvÎvq R‡b¥| mywb®‹vwkZ †`vAuvk,
†e‡j †`vAuvk, cvnvox gvwU Kgjv Pvl Kiv nq|
we‡kl K‡i De©i cve©Z¨ GjvKvq Gi Pvl fv‡jv nq|
Kgjv Rjve×Zv mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| e„wócvZ n‡j
†cvKvi AvµgY †e‡o hvq Ges d‡ji ÿwZ nq|
A¤øxq gvwU‡Z Kgjv fv‡jv nq|
wPÎ 8.3.1 : Kgjv MvQ
eskwe¯Ívi
Kgjv exR Ges Kjg `yB c×wZ‡Z esk we¯Ívi Ki‡Z cv‡i| ex‡Ri gva¨‡g eskwe¯Ívi Ki‡j gvZ…Mv‡Qi ¸Yv¸b wVK
_v‡K bv, dj Avm‡Z wej¤^ nq| ¸wU Kjg, †Rvo Kjg I †PvL Kj‡gi gva¨‡g Pviv ˆZwi Ki‡j gvZ…Mv‡Qi ¸Yv¸b
wVK _v‡K Ges dj ZvovZvwo Av‡m|
Rwg ˆZwi
Rwg ˆZwii Av‡M AvMvQv R½j cwi®‹vi K‡i †dj‡Z n‡e| †g †_‡K AvM÷ gvm ch©šÍ Kj‡gi Pviv †ivc‡bi
Dchy³ mgq| Z‡e Ab¨vb¨ mgq Pviv †ivcb Ki‡Z PvB‡j †m‡Pi e¨e¯’v K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Kgjvi Rb¨ 6 wg.6 wg.
`yi‡Z¡ †ivcb Kiv fv‡jv| Pviv ‡ivc‡bi 15-20 w`b c~‡e© MZ© K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|

D`¨vb dmj c„ôv # 241

I‡cb ¯‹zj GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

mvie¨e¯’vcbv : evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bwbw÷wUDU KZ…©K eqm‡f‡` Kgjv Mv‡Q mv‡ii MvQ cÖwZ gvÎv n‡jv-
Mv‡Qi eqm ‰Re mvi (†KwR) BDwiqv (MÖvg) wUGmwc (MÖvg) Ggwc (MÖvg)
1-2 eQi 12-15 200 100 150
3-4 eQi 15-18 300 150 200
5-10 eQi 20-30 500 400 300
10 eQ‡ii †ewk 35-50 650 500 500
Drm : weGAviAvB, 2010|
gvwUi De©iZv I Ae¯’vi Dci wfwË K‡i mv‡ii cwigvY Kg ev †ewk n‡Z cv‡i|
Pviv †ivcb
M‡Z©i wVK gvSLv‡b GK eQi eq‡mi Pviv †ivcb Ki‡Z n‡e| Pviv MvQ fv‡jvfv‡e ewm‡q w`‡Z n‡e| Z‡e Pviv
jvMv‡bv Av‡M MZ© cÖwZ 15-20 †KwR †Mvei mvi gvwUi mv‡_ wgwk‡q fivU K‡i †dj‡Z n‡e| Dc‡ii gvwUi mv‡_
250 MÖvg wUGmwc, 250 MÖvg Ggwc mvi fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| Pvivi †Mvovi gvwU DuPz K‡i w`‡q LywU †e‡a
w`‡Z n‡e| Avevi Miæ-QvMj, eb¨ cïi nvZ †_‡K iÿv Kivi Rb¨ LvPv w`‡q †eov w`‡Z n‡e|
AvšÍtcwiPh©v
Mv‡Qi giv †ivMvµvšÍ Wvj †Qu‡U †dj‡Z n‡e| Mv‡Q AwZwi³ dj Avm‡j wKQz dj †d‡j †`Iqv fv‡jv| el©v Avmvi
c‡i dj Avni‡Yi ci ciB giv I †ivMvµvšÍ Wvj cvjv †Qu‡U w`‡Z n‡e| G‡Z dj eo Ges †ewk nq|
†mP
Liv ev kxZ †gŠmy‡g †mP w`‡Z nq| Z‡e 3-5 evi †mP †`qv DwPZ| el©vKv‡j cvwb bv R‡g †mw`‡K jÿ¨ ivL‡Z
n‡e| kxZKv‡j 15-20 w`b ci ci nvjKv †mP w`‡Z n‡e|
†ivM `gb
†jey RvZxq d‡ji WvBe¨vK †ivM GKwU gvivZ¥K †ivM| G †iv‡M Mv‡Qi AMÖfv‡Mi Wvj gviv †h‡Z _v‡K Ges Av‡¯Í
Av‡¯Í MvQ gviv hvq| †ivM †`LvgvÎ 10-15 w`b ci ci †ev‡`©vwgkÖY †¯úª Ki‡j G †ivM `gb nq| K¨v¼vi †iv‡M
cvZv, dj S‡i hvq| †ev‡`©vwg·vi cÖ‡qv‡M ev AvµvšÍ Ask †K‡U †ivM `gb Kiv hvq| mvBwjW bvgK †cvKv MÖxwbs
†ivM enb K‡i| G †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡j Mv‡Qi cvZv nj‡` nq| cvZv cvZjv †KvKov‡bv I †QvU nq| MvQ gviv †h‡Z
_v‡K Ges dj aviY ÿgZv _v‡K bv|
†cvKvgvKo `gb
cvZv wQ`ªKvix †cvKv KwP cvZvi wb‡P AvµgY K‡i d‡j cvZv KzK‡o hvq| G †cvKv `g‡b †gUvwmmU· 10
wg.wj./10 wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q cvZvq †¯úª Kiv nq| KvÛ wQ`ªKvix †cvKv Wvj ev KvÛ †L‡q ïwK‡q gviv hvq|
wicKW© 10wg.wj/10wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q †¯úª Ki‡Z n‡e| d‡ji gvwQ †cvKvi Kxov d‡ji wfZ‡i †L‡q dj wQ`ª
K‡i †ei n‡q Av‡m Ges dj bó n‡q S‡o c‡o| G †cvKvi Rb¨ Aby‡gvw`Z KxUbvkK e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
Kgjv msMÖn
Kgjv Mv‡Q cÖ_‡gi w`‡K dj Kg nq Z‡e eqm e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ djb †e‡o hvq Ges dj eo nq| Kgjv b‡f¤^i
wW‡m¤^i gv‡m cvKv ïiæ nq| dj¸‡jv cwic° n‡jB msMÖn Kiv DwPZ| Kgjv msMÖ‡ni K‡qKw`‡bi g‡a¨ njy` is
aviY K‡i|
djb
Kgjv †n±i cÖwZ Mo djb 25-30 †gwUªK Ub| myô e¨e¯’vcbv †m‡Pi myweav _vK‡j djb evov‡bv m¤¢e|

wkÿv_©xi KvR Kgjvi RvZ I AvaywbK Pvlvev` c×wZi †KŠkj eY©bv Ki‡eb|

c„ôv # 242 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K…wl wkÿv 1gcÎ BDwbU-8

mvivsk
Kgjv GKwU Rbwcªq dj| Kgjv exR I Kjg `y& c×wZ‡ZB eskwe¯Ívi K‡i| ¸wU Kjg, †Rvo Kjg I †PvL
Kj‡gi gva¨‡g Pvivi ˆZwi Kiv nq| Kgjv cvnvox A‡j fv‡jv Pvl nq Kgjv 6wg.6wg. `~i‡Z¡ †ivc‡Y Kiv
DwPZ| Kgjvq WvB e¨vK I K¨v¼vi †ivM nq| d‡ji gvwQ †cvKv dj wQ`ª K‡i Ges bó K‡i| Kgjvi Mo djb
cÖwZ †n±‡ii 25-30 Ub|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-8.4
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| Kgjv Pv‡li Rb¨ wK ai‡Yi gvwU Dc‡hvMx?
K) ÿvixq L) A¤øxq
M) jeYv³ N) †KvbwUB bq
2| Kgjv mvaviYZ: †Kvb gv‡m cvKv ïiæ nq?
K) b‡f¤^i-wW‡m¤^i L) †deªæqvwi-gvP©
M) gvP©-GwcÖj N) †g-Ryb
3| Kgjvi Mo djb KZ?
K) cÖwZ †n±‡i 10-15 Ub L) cÖwZ †n±‡i 25-30 Ub
M) cÖwZ †n±‡i 5-10 Ub N) cÖwZ †n±‡i 40-50 Ub|

D`¨vb dmj c„ôv # 243

I‡cb ¯‹zj GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-8.5 Wvwjqv dzj Pvl

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 Wvwjqvi RvZ, eskwe¯Ívi m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 Wvwjqvi Rjevqy I gvwU m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 Wvwjqvi Pvl c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã kxZKvjxb †gŠmywg dzj, K›`gyj , kvLv Kjg, ÷wcs, w_wbs, UvBwgs, wWRevwWs

Wvwjqv wewfbœ is, my›`i Ges AvKv‡ii Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ RbwcÖq GKwU kxZKvjxb †gŠmywg dzj| evMvb, U‡e,
eW©vi cøv›U wn‡m‡e evmM„n, wewfbœ cÖwZôvb I iv¯Ívi †kvfvea©‡bi Rb¨ GB dz‡ji Pvl Kiv nq| Gi
AvKl©Yxq AvKvi, eY© ˆewP‡Î¨i Rb¨ Gi evwYwR¨K e¨enviI †e‡o P‡j‡Q| dzj Gi Drcw˯’j †gw·‡Kv myB‡W‡bi
Dw™¢` weÁvbx Av‡›`ªi Wvj Gi bvg Abymv‡i Gi bvg Wvwjqv n‡q‡Q|
Wvwjqv RvZ
Bsj¨v‡Ûi b¨vkbvj †mvmvBwU Wvwjqv RvZ¸‡jv‡K 10wU †kÖwY‡Z fvM K‡i‡Q †m¸‡jv n‡jv:
1| wm‡½j d¬vIqvW© : ‡hgb- K‡KU, d«v‡g
2| Gwb‡gvb d¬vIqvW© : †hgb-K‡gU
3| †Kvjv‡iU : †hgb-‡jwW †d«Û, ÷vi‡jU KzBb
4| wcDwb d¬vIqvW© : †hgb-wekc Ae j¨vÛWvd
5| †W‡Kv‡iwWf : †hgb-wcUvi i¨vg‡m, wjev‡iUi
6| ej : †hgb-G¨vjUvwg, wi¯‹v gvBbvi
7| c¤úb : †hgb-A¨vmKM, Rxbwj÷vi wPÎ 8.5.1 : Wvwjqv dzj
8| K¨vUUvm: †hgb-G¨vjevU©, AvieKzBb
9| †mwgK¨vKUvm : †hgb-Avj‡d«W wm
10| wewea : †hgb-wc¼ MÖvwd
gvwU I Rjevq~
cÖPzi m~h©v‡jvK m¤úbœ VvÛv AvenvIqv Wvwjqv Pv‡li Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx| De©i I mywb®‹vwkZ †`uvAvk gvwU DËg|
esk we¯Ívi
mvaviYZ A½R esk we¯Ív‡ii gva¨‡g Pviv ˆZwi Kiv nq| K›`gyj I kvLv Kjg ‡_‡K Pviv Kiv nq| ïaygvÎ
wm‡½j Rv‡Zi †ÿ‡Î exR †_‡K Pviv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| K›`gyj‡K mivmwi U‡e ev Rvwg‡Z †ivcb Kiv hvq| K›`gyj
‡K UyK‡iv K‡iI †ivcb Kiv hvq Z‡e cÖwZwU UzK‡iv‡Z GKwU †PvL _vK‡Z n‡e| Avevi K›`yg‡ji cÖwZwU †PvL †_‡K
A‡bK¸‡jv Pviv †ei nq †m¸‡jv‡K †K‡U Avjv`v K‡i U‡e ev Rwg‡Z †ivcb Kiv hvq|

c„ôv # 244 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K…wl wkÿv 1gcÎ BDwbU-8

kvLv Kjg : K›`gyj †_‡K MvQ Rb¥v‡j `yB wZbwU cvZvmn 7-8 †m.wg. †K‡U †g †_‡K Ryb gv‡m kvLv Kjg K‡i
Pviv †ivcb Kiv hvq|
gvwU ev Rwg ˆZwi
Wvwjqv dzj †eW I U‡e `yBfv‡e Pvl Kiv hvq| Rwg fv‡jvfv‡e Pvl K‡i gvwU Szi Sy‡i K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| g„wËKv
evwnZ †ivM RxevYy †_‡K iÿvi Rb¨ gvwU †kvab K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
Pviv jvMv‡bv
mvaviYZ †m‡Þ¤^i-A‡±vei gv‡m Pviv jvMv‡bv nq| Rv‡Zi Dci wfwË K‡i Pviv †_‡K Pviv 40-100 †m.wg.
mvwi †_‡K mvwi 70-100 †m.wg. `~i‡Z¡ Pviv jvMv‡bv DwPZ|
mvi cÖ‡qvM
dz‡ji Kvw•ÿZ AvKvi nIqvi Rb¨ Dchy³ cwigv‡Y mvi †`qv cÖ‡qvRb| cÖwZ kZ‡Ki †Mvei mvi 20 †KwR,
wUGmwc 1 †KwR, Ggwc 500 MÖvg cÖ‡qvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cUvk I dmdivm Ges A‡a©K cwigvY BDwiqv 35-40
w`b ci cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq| Z‡e BDwiqv gv‡S gv‡S cvZvq †¯úª Ki‡j fv‡jv dj cvIqv hvq|
AvšÍt cwiPh©v
cvwb †mP ev AwZwi³ cvwb wb¯‹vk‡bi Rb¨ bvjv ˆZwi Ki‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| Wvwjqv KvÛ big Ges Gi dzj eo e‡j
MvQ †hb †n‡j bv c‡o ev evZv‡m †f‡½ bv hvq †mRb¨ k³ K‡i LuywU †eu‡a w`‡Z nq| wZb w`‡K 3wU LuywU wÎfz‡Ri
g‡Zv cy‡Z w`‡j MvQ †mvRv n‡q †e‡o D‡V|
†mP
Wvwjqv Mv‡Qi Rb¨ ch©vß cvwb w`‡Z n‡e| dzj †dvUv ch©šÍ wbqwgZ cvwb †mP w`‡Z n‡e|
÷wcs, w_wbs GÛ UvBwgs
Pvivi WMv †K‡U cvk †_‡K kvLv †ei nq Zv‡K ÷wcs e‡j| ÷wcs Gi gva¨‡g GKvwaK kvLv ˆZwi K‡i A‡bK¸wj
dzj cvIqv hvq| cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K kvLv †i‡L evwK¸‡jv‡K †K‡U †djv‡K w_wbs e‡j| UvBwgs n‡jv cÖ‡qvR‡b ev
cÖ`k©bxi D‡Ï‡k¨ dzj †dvUv‡bvi mgq wbqš¿Y‡K UvBwgs e‡j|
wWmevwWs
cÖ`k©bxi D‡Ï‡k¨ Mv‡Qi dzj mxwgZ ev eo AvKv‡ii Rb¨ †K›`ªxq ev K‡qKwU Kuzwo †i‡L evwK me Kuzwo ev` †`qv‡K
wWmevwWs e‡j|
†ivM I †cvKv gvKo `gb
†ivM `gb cvDWvwi wgjwWD †ivM n‡j cvZvq mv`v cvDWv‡ii gZ †`Lv hvq| Dò I Av`ª© AvenvIqv _vK‡j `ªæZ
we¯Ívi jvf K‡i| 0.1% †ewfw÷j †¯úª Ki‡j G †ivM `gb Kiv hvq| GQvov I X‡j cov, W¨vw¤ús Ad, KvÛ cPv
†ivM †`Lv hvq| Gme QÎvK evwnZ †ivM †_‡K gy³ _vKvi Rb¨ Pviv jvMv‡bvi c~‡e© gvwU †kvab K‡i †bqv DwPZ|
†cvKv gvKo `gb
Wvwjqv Mv‡Q Rve‡cvKv AvµgY Ki‡j cvZv, Kzwo I dz‡ji im Pz‡l wb‡q Drcv`b n«vm K‡i| Gi mv‡_ mv‡_
fvBiv‡mi evnK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| g¨vjvw_qb, evmywWb gvÎv Abyhvqx †¯ú Ki‡Z n‡e| gvKo cvZvi im Pz‡l †L‡q
cvZv ev`vgx is nq Ges cvZv ïwK‡q hvq| G‡ÿ‡Î †gUvwm÷· ev †Kj‡_b †¯úª Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
dzj msMÖn
Lye mKv‡j ev mܨvi w`‡K aviv‡jv Qzwi Øviv dzj m¤ú~Y© †dvUvi Av‡MB msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e| mv‡_ mv‡_ A‡a©K cvwb‡Z
fiv cv‡Î VvÛv RvqMvq ivL‡Z n‡e| MvQwU †K‡U bv †d‡j AviI wKQzw`b ivL‡j Avevi Wvj †ei n‡q dzj Avm‡e|

K›`gyj †Zvjv I msiÿY

D`¨vb dmj c„ôv # 245

I‡cb ¯‹zj GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

dzj †duvUv †kl n‡j MvQ njy` eY© aviY Ki‡j 15-20 †m.wg. †i‡L MvQwU †K‡U w`‡Z n‡e| Gici K›` gyj¸‡jv
DwV‡q wb‡q Qvqvq ïwK‡q ïKv‡bv evwji g‡a¨ msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e| Wvwjqvi gyj 4-7 †m. ZvcgvÎvq msiÿY
Ki‡j fv‡jv _v‡K|

wkÿv_©xi KvR Wvwjqv Pvl cv×wZ †kÖwYK‡ÿ eY©bv Ki‡eb|

mvivsk
Wvwjqvi is AvKv‡ii Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ RbwcÖq GKwU kxZKvjxb †gŠmywg dzj U‡e, M„‡n I wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi cÖv½‡Yi †kvfv
ea©‡bi Rb¨ Pvl n‡q _v‡K| Wvwjqv wewfbœ Rv‡Zi n‡q _v‡K| eskwe¯Ívi mvaviYZ K›`gy‡ji gva¨‡g A_ev kvLv Kj‡gi
gva¨‡g Kiv n‡q _v‡K| mgqgZ ÷wcs, UvBwgs I w_wbs Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| dzj eo Kivi Rb¨ wWRevwWs Kiv n‡q _v‡K| dzj
†dvUv †kl n‡j K›`gyj Zz‡j msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-8.5
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| Wvwjqv mvaviYZ Kx †_‡K Pviv Kiv nq?
K) K›`gyj L) gyj
M) cvZv N) exR
2| wK‡mi gva¨‡g A‡bK dzj cvIqv hvq?
K) ÷wcs L) UvBwcs
M) w_wbs N) wWmevwWs
3| Wvwjqv mvaviYZ †Kvb gv‡m jvMv‡bv nq?
K) †g-Ryb gv‡m L) GwcÖj-‡g
M) †m‡Þ¤^i-A‡±vei N) †deªæqvwi-gvP

c„ôv # 246 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K…wl wkÿv 1gcÎ BDwbU-8

cvV-8.6 P›`ªgwjøKv dzj Pvl

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 P›`ªgwjøKvi RvZ, eskwe¯Ívi m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 P›`ªgwjøKvi Rjevqy I gvwU m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 P›`ªgwjøKvi Pvl c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã P›`ªgwjøKv, KvUd¬vIqvi, mvKvi, Kuywo AcmviY

P›`ªgwjøKv kxZKvjxb †gŠmygx dzj| Pxb I Rvcvb P›`ªgwjøKvi Drcw˯’j| GwU Rvcv‡bi RvZxq dzj|
P›`ªgwjøKv wek¦e¨vwc AZ¨šÍ RbwcÖq hv †Mvjv‡ci ciB Gi ¯’vb| bvbv AvKvi, evnvwi is, AvKvi AvK…wZ
Ges dz‡ji `xN©¯’vwqZ¡ Gi Kvi‡Y mKj †gŠmywg dz‡ji †P‡q †kÖôZ¡ AR©b K‡i‡Q| GB dzj U‡e, D`¨v‡b, we‡kl
†mŠ›`h© dzwU‡q †Zv‡j| kirKvjxb dzj †dv‡U e‡j ki‡Zi ivYx ev Autmn queen ejv nq| Pxb, Rvcvb BD‡iv‡ci
G GB dz‡ji AviI Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ e¨vcK KvR Pj‡Q| msKivq‡bi gva¨‡g cÖPzi msL¨K RvZ D™¢veb n‡”Q| ïay
evMv‡bi †mŠ›`h© bq KvUd¬vIqvi wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`‡ki P›`ªgwjøKvi Pv‡li cÖmvi evo‡Q|

wPÎ 8.6.1 : P›`ªgwjøKv dzj

P›`ªgwjøKvi RvZ
P›`ªgwjøKv RvZ‡f‡` wewfbœ †kÖwY‡Z fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| (1) wm‡½j (2) Gwb‡gvb-d¬vIqvW© (3) †W‡Kv‡iwUf (4)
cgcb (5) BbKvf©W (6) Kvm‡KW (7) †nqvwi ev ¯úvBWvix (8) wi‡d¬·W (9) jvR© GKwRwekb (10) ¯úyb (11)
wjwjcyU| evsjv‡`‡k K…wl M‡elYv KZ…©K D™¢vweZ RvZ evwi P›`ªgwjøKv-1, evwi P›`ªgwjøKv-2|
Rjevqy I gvwU
P›`ªgwjøKv mvaviYZ : VvÛv I †iŠ`ª¾j cwi‡ek cQ›` K‡i| †`vAuvk I cwj‡`vAuvk gvwU P›`ªgwjøKv Pv‡li Rb¨
Dc‡hvMx|

D`¨vb dmj c„ôv # 247

I‡cb ¯‹zj GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

Pviv Drcv`b
P›`ªgwjøKv Pviv exR, mvKvi I kvLv Kjg n‡Z cÖ¯‘Z Kiv nq| exR †_‡K Drcbœ Pviv †_‡K fv‡jvgv‡bi dzj cvIqv
hvqbv Avevi dzj Avm‡Z mgq jv‡M| †mw`K †_‡K Kjg K‡i Pviv Drcv`b KivB DËg|
1| mvKvi †_‡K Pviv Drcv`b : Mv‡Q dzj aiv †kl n‡j 15-25 †m.wg. Dc‡i Wvj¸‡jv †K‡U w`‡Z nq| gvm
Lv‡b‡Ki g‡a¨ Mv‡Qi †Mvov †_‡K mvKvi †ei nq| G¸‡jv Mv‡Qi †Mvov †_‡K wQu‡o wb‡q cÖwZwU L‡Û 2-3 wU
cvZv †i‡L cÖ_‡g †QvU U‡e jvMv‡Z n‡e| U‡e gvwUi wgkÖ‡b mgcwigvY cPv †Mvei mvi wKsev cvZv cPv mvi
Ges evwj wgwk‡q wb‡Z n‡e| cwigvY g‡Zv cvwb †mP w`‡j GK gv‡mi g‡a¨ mvKv‡ii LÛ¸‡jv †_‡K gyj
MRv‡e| ga¨ Ryb-ga¨ RyjvB gvm ch©šÍ LÛ¸‡jv eo n‡e Ges cvk w`‡q kvLv †ei n‡e †m¸‡jv‡K †K‡U wb‡q
U‡e ev exRZj‡q 30 †m.wg. `y‡i `y‡i ‡ivcb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Pviv¸‡jv‡K Kov †iv` I AwZwi³ e„wó †_‡K
iÿvmn cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
2| kvLv Kjg †_‡K Pviv Drcv`b : kvLv Kjg ˆZwii Rb¨ RyjvB-AvMó gv‡mi w`‡K 8-10 †m.wg. `xN© K‡i
AMÖfvM †K‡U wb‡Z n‡e| 2-3wU †bvW m¤úbœ kvLv Kj‡gi LÛ¸‡jv‡K wZbfvM evwj I GKfvM cvZv cPv
mv‡ii wgkÖ‡Y †ivcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
Pviv †ivcb
mvwi †_‡K mvwii `~iZ¡ 30 †m.wg. Ges Pviv †_‡K Pvivi `~iZ¡ 25 †m.wg. Pviv †ivcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
mvicÖ‡qvM
P›`ªgwjøKvi Rb¨ †Mvei mvi GKi cÖwZ 4000 †KwR, 160 †KwR BDwiqv, 110 †KwR wU Gmwc 120 †KwR Ggwc,
66 †KwR wRcmvg, 4.8 †KwR ewiK GwmW, 1.6 †KwR wR¼ A·vBW nv‡i cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e (evwi, 2004)| †kl
Pv‡li mgq mgy`q mvi gvwUi `yB wKw¯Í‡Z fvM K‡i GKfvM †ivc‡bi 25-30 w`b ci Ges evwK A‡a©K 45-59 w`b
ci †Mvovi Pvicv‡k w`‡Z n‡e| cÖwZevi mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi ci cvwb †mP w`‡Z n‡e|
Kzwo AcmviY
el©vKv‡j cÖ_g w`‡K hLb kvLv †ei n‡Z _v‡K ZLb gyj Kv‡Ûi gv_v †K‡U w`‡Z n‡e| Gici kvLv †ei n‡j
cÖ‡qvRbxq kvLv †i‡L evwK kvLv †K‡U w`‡Z nq| G‡Z dz‡ji msL¨v evov‡bv hvq| kvLv¸wji AMÖfv‡Mi dz‡ji Kzwo
†i‡L evwK¸‡jv †d‡j w`‡Z n‡e| Gi d‡j eo AvKv‡ii dzj cvIqv hvq|
†VK †`Iqv
P›`ªgwjøKvi MvQ hv‡Z †n‡j bv c‡o †mRb¨ ‡VK †`qv cÖ‡qvRb|
†ivM I †cvKv `gb : P›`ªgwjøKvi me‡P‡q ÿwZKi †cvKv nj Rve‡cvKv| G †cvKv KwP cvZv, dz‡ji im †L‡q †d‡j|
GB †cvKv 1 wjUvi cvwb‡Z 2 wgwj g¨vjvw_qb wgwk‡q 7-10 w`b ci ci †¯úª Ki‡Z n‡e| w_ªcm †cvKvI cvZv I
dz‡ji im Pz‡l Lvq d‡j cvZv I dzj ïwK‡q hvq| P›`ªgwjøKv cvDWvwi wgjwWD bvgK QÎvK RwbZ †iv‡Mi cÖv`©~fve
†`Lv hvq| G †ivM n‡j cvZvi Dci mv`v mv`v cvDWvi †`Lv hvq| GwU `g‡bi Rb¨ wi‡Wvwgj e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i| GQvov cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 2 MÖvg nv‡i wUë 250 Bwm 7-10 w`b ci ci cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j †ivM `gb nq|
dzj msMÖn
Pviv jvMv‡bvi 100-125 w`‡bi g‡a¨ P›`ªgwjøKvi dzj †dv‡U| evsjv‡`‡k b‡f¤^i-Rvbyqvwi gvm ch©šÍ G dzj †dv‡U|
P›`ªgwjøKv dzj Kzwo Ae¯’vq bv Zz‡j evB‡i cvcwo¸‡jv m¤ú~Y© Ly‡j †M‡j Ges gv‡Si cvcwo¸‡jv dzU‡Z ïiæ Ki‡j
`xN© †euvUv mn Qzwi w`‡q †K‡U Avb‡Z n‡e| P›`ªgwjøKvi dzj A‡bK w`b ch©šÍ ZvRv _v‡K| dzj msMÖ‡ni ci evRv‡i
cvVv‡bvi AvM ch©šÍ cvwb‡Z Wzwe‡q ivL‡Z n‡e|

wkÿv_©xi KvR P›`ªgwjøKvi Pvl c×wZ m‡iRwg‡b cwi`k©b K‡i cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi Ki‡e|

c„ôv # 248 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K…wl wkÿv 1gcÎ BDwbU-8

mvivsk
P›`ªgwjøKv wek¦e¨vcx †Mvjv‡ci c‡iB Gi ¯’vb| Pxb I Rvcvb Gi Drcw˯’j| P›`ªgwjøKv‡K RvZ‡f‡` wewfbœ
†kÖwY‡Z fvM Kiv hvq| P›`ªgwjøKvi Pviv mvaviYZ: exR, mvKvi I kvLv Kj‡gi gva¨‡g Kiv nq| P›`ªgwjøKvi
ÿwZKi †cvKv nj Rve †cvKv| Pviv jvMv‡bvi 100-125 w`‡bi g‡a¨ dzj †duv‡U|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-8.6
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| ‡Kvb dzj‡K ki‡Zi ivYx ev Autumn queen ejv nq?
K) †Mvjvc L) Wvwjqv
M) P›`ªgwjøKv N) Muv`v
2| P›`ªgwjøKv M‡Qi †Mvov †_‡K †h Pviv †ei nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
K) mvKvi L) K›`gyj
M) evj¦ N) K›`
3| P›`ªgwjøKvi me‡P‡q ÿwZKi †cvKv †KvbwU?
K) ¸e‡i †cvKv L) †jwW evW© weUj
M) Rve‡cvKv N) gvwQ

D`¨vb dmj c„ôv # 249

I‡cb ¯‹zj GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-8.7 wcuqvR Pvl

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 wcuqv‡Ri Dw™¢`ZvwË¡K cwiwPwZ, RvZ I eskwe¯Ívi m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wcuqv‡Ri RjevqyMZ Pvwn`v I gvwU wel‡q ej‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wcuqv‡Ri Pvlvev` c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
gyL¨ kã gmjv RvZxq dmj, wØel©Rxex, kéK›`, evwi wcuqvR, K¨vcmyj

wcuqvR GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ges me‡P‡q †ekx e¨eüZ gmjv RvZxq dmj| mewR I mvjv` wn‡m‡e Ges
AvPvi, ‡KPvc I mm ‰Zix‡Z e¨eüZ nq| Gi A‡bK Ilwa ¸Y i‡q‡Q| ÿZ cÖwZ‡laK wn‡m‡e Ges mw`©-Kvwk,
Avgvkq, D”P i³Pvc, †cUduvcv BZ¨vw` wbivg‡q wcuqvR e¨eüZ nq|

Dw™¢`ZvwË¡K cwiwPwZ
wcuqvR GKwU wØel©Rxex Dw™¢`| Z‡e Avgv‡`i †`‡k Gi GKel©Rxex RvZI †`Lv hvq| Gi ˆeÁvwbK bvg Allium
cepa. wcuqv‡Ri iƒcvšÍwiZ KvÛ msjMœ cvZvi †Mvovq Lv`¨ Rgv‡Ui d‡j ùxZ nq Ges Kv‡Ûi mv‡_ GKwUi ci
GKwU ms‡hvwRZ n‡q kéK›` Drcv`b K‡i| G kéK›` wcuqvR wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| G †_‡K bZzb MvQ R‡b¥
_v‡K| wcuqv‡Ri dzj Dfwj½x ,dj K¨vcmyj RvZxq Ges ex‡Ri is Kv‡jv|

cyy¯úgÛjx
exR
cy®c `Ê

cvZv

K›`
KvÛ
A¯’vwbK g~j

wPÎ 8.7.1 : (K) wcuqv‡Ri dzjmn MvQ

RvZ
evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ GjvKvq wewfbœ Rv‡Zi wcuqvR †`Lv hvq| wcuqvR AvKvi, AvK…wZ, is, SuvS, evwYwR¨K e¨envi I
cwiKc°Zvi mgq Abymv‡i wewfbœ iKg nq| evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU evwi wcuqvR-1, 2 Ges 3 bv‡g
wcuqv‡Ri wZbwU D”P djbkxj RvZ D™¢veb K‡i‡Q| G‡`i g‡a¨ evwi wcuqvR-1 kxZKv‡j Ges evwi wcuqvR-2 I 3

c„ôv # 250 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K…wl wkÿv 1gcÎ BDwbU-8

MÖx®§Kv‡j Pv‡li Dc‡hvMx| wcuqv‡Ri ¯’vbxq Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ Zv‡nicyix, dwi`cyi fvwU, ˆKjvkbMi Ab¨Zg|
eskwe¯Ívi
exRZjvq Pviv Drcv`b K‡i Rwg‡Z †ivcY, mivmwi †ÿ‡Z exR ecb ev ‡QvU †QvU K›` †ivcY mvaviYZ G wZbwU
c×wZ‡Z wcuqv‡Ri Pvl Kiv nq| G‡`i g‡a¨ Pviv †ivcY c×wZ‡Z wcuqv‡Ri djb ‡ekx nq|
Rjevqy I gvwU
mnbkxj ZvcgvÎv, ch©vß w`‡bi Av‡jv I gvwU‡Z im _vK‡j wcuqv‡Ri fvj djb cvIqv hvq| Gu‡Uj gvwU Qvov Ab¨
†h †Kvb gvwU‡Z wcuqv‡Ri Pvl Kiv hvq| Z‡e †`uvAvk I ˆRe c`v_© mg„× nvjKv †`vAvuk ev cwjhy³ gvwU wcuqvR
Pv‡li Rb¨ DËg| wcuqv‡Ri fvj djb cvIqvi Rb¨ ‡mP I wb®‹vkb e¨e¯’v _vKv Acwinvh©| gvwUi A¤øZ¡ ev pH
5.8-6.5 wcuqvR Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ DËg, AwaK ÿvi ev A¤ø gvwU‡Z wcuqv‡Ri AvKvi †QvU nq I cyó n‡Z †ekx mgq
jv‡M|
Drcv`b †gŠmyg
evsjv‡`‡k kxZ, MÖx®§ I el©v FZz‡Z A_©vr mviv eQiB wcuqvR Pvl Kiv m¤¢e| kxZKvjxb wcuqvR A‡±vei †_‡K
Rvbyqvix, MÖx®§Kvjxb wcuqvR †deªæqvix †_‡K RyjvB Ges el©vKvjxb wcuqvR RyjvB †_‡K A‡±vei gv‡m Pvl Kiv hvq|

RxebKvj
Pviv ‡ivc‡Yi 90 †_‡K 105 w`b ci wcuqvR †Zvjvi Dchy³ nq|

exRZjv
exRZjv 3 wg. × 1 wg. gv‡ci Ges 15-20 †mwg. DuPz n‡Z n‡e| cªwZ †n±i Rwg‡Z Pviv †ivc‡Yi Rb¨ 3 wg. × 1
wg. AvKv‡ii 120-130 wU exRZjvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| cÖLi m~‡h©i Zvc Ges fvix e„wócv‡Zi nvZ †_‡K exRZjvi exR
I Pviv iÿvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †k‡Wi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z nq| ‡mP I cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi Rb¨ exRZjvq cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K
bvjvi e¨e¯’v ivL‡Z nq|
exR ecb
kxZ, MÖx®§ I el©vKvjxb wcuqvR Pv‡li Rb¨ h_vµ‡g A‡±vei ‡_‡K b‡f¤^i, †deªæqvix †_‡K gvP© Ges Ryb †_‡K
RyjvB gv‡m exRZjvq exR ecb Ki‡Z nh| 3 wg. × 1 wg. gv‡ci GKwU exRZjvq 25-30 MÖvg exR jv‡M| exR
ec‡bi Av‡M cÖwZ †KwR exR 2 MÖvg wfUv‡f· Øviv †kvab K‡i exRevwnZ †iv‡Mi AvµgY cÖwZ‡iva Kiv hvq|
ex‡Ri nvi
cÖwZ †n±i Rwg‡Z Pv‡li Rb¨ Pviv †ivcY c×wZ‡Z 3-4 †KwR exR, mivmwi †ÿ‡Z exR ecb c×wZ‡Z 6-7 †KwR exR
Ges kéK›` (wcuqvR) †ivcY c×wZ‡Z K‡›`i AvKvi Abyhvqx cªvq 1.2-1.5 Ub kéK‡›`i (wcuqv‡Ri) cÖ‡qvRb nq|
Rwg ˆZwi
4-5 wU Mfxi Pvl I gB w`‡q AvMvQv †e‡Q, gvwUi †Xjv †f‡½ I mgZj K‡i Rwg ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq| †mP I
wb®‹vk‡bi myweav‡_© Rwg‡Z gv‡S gv‡S 50 †mwg. cÖk¯Í bvjv ivL‡Z nq|
mv‡ii gvÎv I cÖ‡qvM c×wZ
mv‡ii mwVK gvÎv gvwUi De©iZvi Dci wbf©i K‡i| ga¨g De©i Rwg‡Z wcuqvR Pv‡li Rb¨ †n±i cÖwZ mv‡ii cwigvY
I cÖ‡qvM c×wZ wbgœiƒcÑ

D`¨vb dmj c„ôv # 251

I‡cb ¯‹zj GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

mviYx 1: wcuqvR Pv‡l †n±i cÖwZ mv‡ii cwigvY I cÖ‡qvM

mv‡ii bvg †gvU cwigvY Rwg ‡kl Pv‡li †ivc‡Yi 25 †ivc‡Yi 50 w`b
mgq w`b ci ci
cPv †Mvei 10 Ub 10 Ub - -
BDwiqv 260 †KwR 130 †KwR 65 †KwR 65 †KwR
wUGmwc 200 †KwR 200 †KwR - -
Ggwc 160 †KwR 80 †KwR 40 †KwR 40 †KwR
wuRcmvg 100 †KwR 100 †KwR - -
gvwU‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq im bv _vK‡j mv‡ii DcwicÖ‡qv‡Mi ci Rwg‡Z cÖ‡qvRbgZ †mP w`‡Z n‡e|

Pviv/K›` †ivcY
45-50 w`b eq‡mi wcuqv‡Ri Pviv 15×10 †mwg `yi‡Z¡ †ivcY Kiv nq| D”P djb cvIqvi Rb¨ my¯’ I mej Pviv
†ivcY Kiv DwPZ| Pviv ‡ivc‡Yi MfxiZv 3-4 †mwg Ges GKwU K‡i Pviv jvMv‡Z n‡e| K›` †ivcY c×wZ‡Z
mgZj Rwg‡Z AMfxi bvjv K‡i 20-25 †mwg `~‡i mvwi K‡i cÖwZ mvwi‡Z 10-15 †mwg AšÍi K›` jvMv‡bv nq|
Pviv ev K›` †ivc‡bi ciB †mP ‡`Iqv Avek¨K|
†ivMevjvB I †cvKvgvKo
†cuqv‡Ri cÖavb †ivM¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cvc©j †eøP, wjd eøvBU, A¨vb_ªvK‡bvR, evje iU cÖavb| cvc©j †eøP †ivM
exRevwnZ| myZivs exR ec‡bi c~‡e© ‡kvab K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| †cuqv‡Ri ÿwZKi †cvKvgvKo n‡”Q w_ªcm, gvwQ
BZ¨vw`| G‡ÿ†Î WvqvwRbb ‡¯úª Ki‡Z n‡e|
AvMvQv `gb
Rwg wbovwb w`‡q gvwU AvjMv K‡i AvMvQvgy³ ivL‡Z n‡e| G‡Z K›` fvjfv‡e MwVZ nq I djb ev‡o|
†mP I wbKvk
gvwUi im ¯^vfvwe‡Ki †P‡q Kg n‡j wcuqv‡Ri djb Kg‡Z _v‡K| GRb¨ wcuqv‡Ri Rwg‡Z h‡_ó cwigvY Av`©ªZv
_vKv cÖ‡qvRb| Pviv gvwU‡Z cÖwZwôZ bv nIqv ch©šÍ 3 w`b AšÍi †mP †`Iqv cÖ‡qvRb| K›` MwVZ n‡q †M‡j †mP
Kg jv‡M| wcuqvR D‡Ëvj‡bi 3 mßvn c~e© †_‡K †mP eÜ ivL‡Z nq bZyev wcuqv‡Ri ¸Yv¸Y I msiÿY ÿgZv n«vm
cvq| †mP cÖ‡qv‡Mi 30-60 wgwbU ci †m‡Pi AwZwi³ cvwb bvjv w`‡q ‡ei K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| wcuqv‡Ri m¤ú~Y© Rxeb
P‡µ 8-10 evi †m‡Pi cÖ‡qvRb nq| †m‡Pi ci Rwg‡Z PUv euva‡j Zv‡Z Mv‡Qi g~‡j evZvm PjvPj e¨nZ nq|
GRb¨ PUv †f‡½ w`‡Z n‡e| wcuqvR †gv‡UB Rjve×Zv mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GRb¨ Rwg‡Z cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi mye¨e¯’v
ivL‡Z n‡e|
Ab¨vb¨ cwiPh©v
cÖwZevi wcuqvR †ÿ‡Z wbovwbi ci SziSziv gvwU w`‡q Mv‡Qi †Mvov †X‡K w`‡Z nq| wcuqv‡Ri K›` Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î
dz‡ji Kwj ‡ei nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ †f‡½ w`‡Z n‡e|
dmj msMÖn, †MÖwWs I msiÿY
wcuqvR MvQ cwic° n‡j Gi cvZv †n‡j c‡o| hLb 70-80% cvZvi AMÖfvM ïwK‡q †bwZ‡q ev †f‡½ c‡o ZLb
wcuqvR msMÖ‡ni Dchy³ mgq| D¾¡j †iŠ`ªhy³ w`‡b wcuqvR D‡Ëvjb Ki‡j msiÿY fvj nq| wcuqvR D‡Ëvj‡bi ci
Gi cvZv I wkKo †K‡U evqy PjvjPj myweavhy³ kxZj I Qvqvgq N‡ii †g‡S‡Z 8-10 †mwg DuPz K‡i 8-10 w`b
Qwo‡q †i‡L w`‡j wcuqvR ïwK‡q hvq|
AvKv‡ii Dci wfwË K‡i wcuqvR‡K †gvUvgywU 3 †kªYx‡Z fvM Kiv nq|
K) 4-10 †mwg e¨vm wewkó eo AvKv‡ii wcuqvR

c„ôv # 252 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K…wl wkÿv 1gcÎ BDwbU-8

L) 3-5 †mwg e¨vm wewkó gvSvix AvKv‡ii wcuqvR

M) 3 †mwg Gi Kg e¨vm wewkó †QvU AvKv‡ii wcuqvR
my¯’ I mej wcuqvR evQvB I †MÖwWs Kivi ci euv‡ki gvPv, N‡ii wmwjs, cøvw÷K ev euv‡ki ZvK A_ev N‡ii cvKv
†g‡S‡Z ﮋ I evqy PjvPjhy³ ¯’v‡b wcuqvR Qwo‡q msiÿY Kiv hvq| gv‡S gv‡S cPv I A¼zwiZ wcuqvR †e‡Q
mwi‡q †dj‡Z nq| ‡Kvì †÷v‡i‡R 7-8 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎv I 62-67% Av`©ªZvq wcuqvR `xN©w`b msiÿY
K‡i ivLv hvq| cPv I A¼zwiZ wcqvR mwi‡q †dj‡Z n‡e|
djb
AvaywbK Pvlvev` c×wZ Abymib K‡i wcuqv‡Ri †n±icÖwZ 10-13 Ub djb cvIqv hvq|
wcuqv‡Ri RvZ I eskwe¯Ívi Ges Pvlvev` c×wZ m‡iRwg‡b cwi`k©b K‡i
wkÿv_©xi KvR
cÖwZ‡e`b ‰Zwi Kiæb|

mvivsk
wcuqvR GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© gmjv RvZxq dmj| GwU GKwU wØel©Rxex ¸j¥RvZxq Dw™¢`| Gi kéK›` dmj I exR
wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| Zv Qvov wcuqv‡Ri Avmj exR †_‡KI Pviv Drcv`b K‡i wcuqv‡Ri Pvl Kiv nq| kxZ, MÖx®§
I el©vKvjxb wcuqvR Pv‡li Rb¨ h_vµ‡g A‡±vei ‡_‡K b‡f¤^i, †deªyqvix †_‡K gvP© Ges Ryb †_‡K RyjvB gv‡m
exRZjvq exR ecb Ki‡Z nh| 40-50 w`b eq‡mi wcuqv‡Ri Pviv 15×10 †mwg `yi‡Z¡ †ivcY Kiv nq| K›`
†ivcY c×wZ‡Z 20-25 †mwg `~‡i mvwi K‡i cÖwZ mvwi‡Z 10-15 †mwg AšÍi K›` jvMv‡bv nq| Rwg AvMvQvgy³
ivL‡Z n‡e| Rwg‡Z h‡_ó cwigvY Av`©ªZv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| wcuqvR D‡Ëvj‡bi 3 mßvn c~e© †_‡K †mP eÜ ivL‡Z
nq| wcuqvR †ÿ‡Z wbovwbi ci SziSziv gvwU w`‡q Mv‡Qi †Mvov †X‡K w`‡Z nq| wcuqv‡Ri K›` Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î
dz‡ji Kwj ‡`Lv hvIqv gvÎB †f‡½ w`‡Z n‡e| hLb 70-80% cvZvi AMÖfvM ïwK‡q †bwZ‡q ev †f‡½ c‡o
ZLb wcuqvR msMÖ‡ni Dchy³ mgq| ﮋ I evqy PjvPjhy³ ¯’v‡b wcuqvR Qwo‡q msiÿY Kiv hvq| ‡Kvì †÷v‡i‡R
wcuqvR `xN©w`b msiÿY K‡i ivLv hvq| wcuqv‡Ri †n±icÖwZ 10-13 Ub djb cvIqv hvq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-8.7
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| KZ w`b eq‡mi wcuqv‡Ri Pviv †ivcY Kiv DwPZ?
K) 45-50 w`b L) 50-60 w`b
M) 60 w`‡bi †ewk|
2| wcuqvR D‡Ëvj‡bi Kgc‡ÿ KZ w`b c~‡e© †mP eÜ Kiv DwPZ?
K) 2 mßvn L) 3 mßvn
M) 4 mßvn N) 5 mßvn|
3| KLb wcuqvR msMÖ‡ni Dchy³ mgq?
K) 50-60% cvZvi AMÖfvM ïwK‡q †M‡j
L) 60-70% cvZvi AMÖfvM ïwK‡q †M‡j
M) 70-80% cvZvi AMÖfvM ïwK‡q †M‡j
4| cÖwZ †n±i Rwg‡Z wcuqvR Pv‡li Rb¨ wK cwigvY ké K‡›`i cÖ‡qvRb nq?
K) 1.2-1.5 Ub L) 1.8-2.0 Ub
M) 2.2-2.4 Ub

D`¨vb dmj c„ôv # 253

I‡cb ¯‹zj GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-8.8 imyb Pvl

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 imy‡bi RvZ, eskwe¯Ívi m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 imy‡bi Rjevqy I gvwU m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 imy‡bi Pvl c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã gmjv, Jlwa ¸Y, K›`, gvjwPs, w_ªcm †cvKv, cvc©j eøP|

imyb GKwU ¸iæZ¡cY© gmjvRvZxq dmj| imy‡bi A‡bK Jlwa¸Y i‡q‡Q| GwU gvsm, ZiKvwi, AvPvi,
PvUwb, my¨c I mm ˆZwi‡Z e¨envi nq| GQvovI Bb‡mKwUmvBW, Gw›Ue¨vK‡Uwiqvj wn‡m‡e e¨envi
nq| imyb †c‡Ui cxov, Avgvkq, ü`‡ivM I gvby‡li kix‡i †Kv‡j‡÷ij Kgv‡Z we‡kl DcKvix|
Rjevqy I gvwU
evsjv‡`‡k imyb mvaviYZ: kxZKv‡j Pvlvev` Kiv nq| imy‡bi Rb¨ VvÛv I Kzqvkv gy³ Ges cÖPzi m~h©v‡jvK
cÖ‡qvRb| e„w×i cÖ_g ch©v‡q 15 †m. Gi bx‡P ZvcgvÎv bv n‡j Mv‡Qi K›` Drcv`‡b cÖfve †d‡j| Ab¨w`‡K evj¦
ev K›` e„w×i Rb¨ `xN©w`em I ﮋ AvenvIqv cÖ‡qvRb| De©i †`vAuvk gvwU imyb Pv‡li Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx| Gu‡Uj gvwU,
AwaK A¤øxq I ÿvi gvwU imyb Pv‡li Rb¨ Dchy³ bq|

wPÎ 8.8.1 : imyb MvQ

Rwg ˆZwi I mvi cÖ‡qvM
Rwg ˆZwii Rb¨ 5-7 wU Pvl w`‡q gvwU Szi Sz‡i K‡i gB w`‡q mgvb K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Rwg‡K L‡Û fvM K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
L‡Ûi gv‡S cvwb Acmvi‡bi Rb¨ bvjv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| mwVK mg‡q mwVK cwigvY mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j djb fv‡jv nq|
imy‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZ †n±i Rwg‡Z 5-10 Ub †Mvei/ K‡¤úv÷, 250-300 †KwR BDwiqv, wUGmwc 200-250 †KwR, Ggwc
300 †KwR cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| Rwg cÖ¯‘‡Zi mgq A‡a©K BDwiqv, m¤ú~Y© †Mvei, A‡a©K wUGmwc, mvi gvwUi mv‡_
wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| evwK A‡a©K BDwiqv `yB wKw¯Í‡Z mgvbfv‡M Pviv jvMv‡bvi 35 w`b Ges 50 w`b ci cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z
n‡e| †eviv· I wR¼ mvj‡dU cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j imy‡bi djb fv‡jv nq|

c„ôv # 254 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K…wl wkÿv 1gcÎ BDwbU-8

exR nvi
ex‡Ri cwigvY cÖwZ †n±‡i 300-400 †KwR imy‡bi †Kvqv cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i| imy‡bi DrK…ó, eo, †cvKvgvKo I
†ivMRxevYygy³ K›` exR wn‡m‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e †gvUvgywU 1 MÖvg IR‡bi †Kvqv n‡j †ewk djb cvIqv
hvq|
†ivcb c×wZ
`yB c×wZ‡Z imyb †ivcb Kiv hvq|
K) wWewj c×wZ : G‡ÿ‡Î big gvwU‡Z ev Rwg‡Z myZv Øviv jvBb K‡i imy‡bi †Kvqv gvwU‡Z cuy‡Z w`‡Z n‡e|
L) dv‡iv c×wZ : mywb®‹vwkZ De©i ‰Re c`v_© mg„× †`vAuvk gvwU‡Z jv½j Øviv †mvRv bvjv K‡i 3-4 †m.wg. Mfx‡i
‡Kvqv †ivcb Kiv nq| GwU imyb Pv‡l DrK…ó c×wZ| †ivc‡bi Rb¨ mvwi †_‡K mvwi 15 †m.wg. Ges 7-10 †m.wg.
`y‡i `y‡i †Kvqv †ivcb Kiv DwPZ|
AšÍtcwiPh©v
imy‡bi Rb¨ K›` MV‡bi c~e© ch©šÍ AvMvQv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges mv‡_ gvwU Szi Sz‡i K‡i †Mvovq w`‡Z n‡e|
jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z imy‡bi †Mvovq †Kvb ÿwZ bv nq| Rwg‡Z KzPzwicvbv ev av‡bi Lo Øviv gvjwPs Ki‡j gvwUi
im msiwÿZ _vK‡e Ges †m †ÿ‡Î †m‡Pi †Zgb cÖ‡qvRb n‡e bv| Rwgi cÖK…wZi Dci wbf©i K‡i cwigvbgZ 15-
20 w`b ci ci †mP w`‡Z n‡e| Z‡e imyb msMÖ‡ni GK gvm Av‡M †mP eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e|
†ivM I †cvKvgvKo `gb
imy‡bi ÿwZKi †cvKvgvK‡oi g‡a¨ w_ªcm& I gvBU D‡jøL‡hvM¨| w_ªcm Mv‡Qi cvZv im Pz‡l †L‡q Zvi Dci j¤^v
mv`v `vM m„wó K‡i| c‡i cvZvi AMÖfvM ev`vwg n‡q ïwK‡q hvq| †cvKv `g‡bi Rb¨ 1000 wjUvi cvwb‡Z
g¨vjvw_qb 57 Bwm 1 wjUvi wgwk‡q GK †n±i Rwg‡Z †¯úª Ki‡j mn‡RB G †ivM `gb Kiv hvq|
†Mvov cuPv, cvc©j eøP I cvZv Sjmv‡bv †ivM n‡Z cv‡i| imy‡bi †ÿ‡Î †Mvov cuPv †ivM n‡j †Mvovi Ask cu‡P
hvq| G‡ÿ‡Î WvB‡_b Gg 45 ev †cb‡Kv‡Re †ivMbvkK †¯úª Ki‡Z n‡e| cvc©j eøP †ivM QÎv‡Ki Avµg‡Y n‡q
_v‡K| GK †iv‡Mi d‡j cÖ_‡g †QvU †QvU `vM c‡o Ges c‡i we¯Ívi jvf K‡i| †QvU †QvU `vM¸wj GKwÎZ n‡q
eo ev`vwg `vM n‡q cvZv ïwK‡q hvq| G‡ÿ‡Î 2 MÖvg †ivfivj 50 †KwR WvweøDwc 1 wjUvi cvwb‡Z †¯úª Ki‡Z
n‡e|
dmj msMÖn I KZ©b
imyb Mv‡Qi cvZv ev`vwg is aviY Ki‡j, cvZv †f‡½ co‡j, K‡›`i evB‡ii w`‡K †Kvqv¸wj ¯úó n‡q DV‡j `yB
†Kvqvi gv‡S LuvR †`Lv hv‡e ZLb eyS‡Z n‡e †h dmj †Zvjvi mgq n‡q‡Q| ec‡bi 4-5 gv‡mi g‡a¨ imyb
msMÖ‡ni Dch©y³ mgq| nvZ w`‡q MvQ †U‡b Zz‡j gvwU ‡S‡o cwi®‹vi K‡i Qvqv‡Z ïKv‡Z n‡e|
imyb msiÿY : imyb fv‡jvfv‡e ïwK‡q wb‡Z n‡e| ïKv‡bvi ci †`Lv hv‡e K‡›`i Dc‡i Mjv miæ I msKzwPZ nq,
GB cwieZ©b‡K wKDwis e‡j| wKDwis Gi d‡j imyb `xN©w`b msiÿY Kiv hvq| Av‡jv evZvm PjvPj K‡i Ggb
N‡i K‡qKwU imyb cvZv mn GK ms‡M †eu‡a Szwj‡q ivLv hvq|

imyb Pv‡li d‡j †h A_©‰bwZKfv‡e jvfevb nIqv hvq Zvi Dci wkÿv_©x
wkÿv_©xi KvR
cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi Ki‡e|

D`¨vb dmj c„ôv # 255

I‡cb ¯‹zj GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

mvivsk
imyb GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© gmjvRvZxq dmj| GKwU eû Jlwa¸b i‡q‡Q| cÖwZ †n±‡i 300-400 †KwR imy‡bi †Kvqv
cÖ‡qvRb| †gvUvgywU 1 MÖvg IR‡bi †Kvqv cÖ‡qvRb| ec‡bi 4-5 gv‡mi g‡a¨ imyb msMÖ‡ni mgq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-8.8
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| imyb Pv‡li Rb¨ DËg c×wZ †KvbwU?
K) wWewjs c×wZ L) dv‡iv c×wZ
M) wQUv‡bv c×wZ N) †KvbwUB bq
2| ‡Kvb †cvKv imy‡bi cvZvi im Pz‡l †L‡q j¤^v mv`v`vM m„wó K‡i-
K) d‡ji gvwQ †cvKv L) w_ªcm
M) gvBUm N) KvÛ wQ`ªKvix †cvKv
3| KZ MÖvg IR‡bi †Kvqv exR wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nq?
K) 1 MÖvg L) 2 MÖvg
M) 3 MÖvg N) 4 MÖvg

c„ôv # 256 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K…wl wkÿv 1gcÎ BDwbU-8

cvV-8.9 Av`v Pvl

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 Av`vi RvZ I eskwe¯Ívi m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Av`vi RjevqyMZ Pvwn`v I gvwU wel‡q ej‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Av`vi Pvlvev` c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
gyL¨ kã Av`v, wcjvB †Zvjv, ivB‡Rvg iU, cvZv Sjmv‡bv †ivM

Av`v GKwU cÖ‡qvRbxq gmjv dmj hv Lvevi‡K my¯^v`y K‡i| Av`v evwoi cv‡k cwZZ Rwg, cvnv‡o
Pvlvev` Kiv hvq| wewfbœ dm‡ji mv‡_ AvšÍtdmj wn‡m‡e Pvl Kiv hvq| Av`vi wewfbœ Jlwa¸Y i‡q‡Q
†hgb : †c‡Ui cxov, Avgvkq, mw`© Kvwk wbivg‡q e¨eüZ nq|
RvZ : evsjv‡`‡k Av`vi †Zgb RvZ †bB| evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv KZ…©K D™¢vweZ evwi Av`v-1 bv‡g GKwU Ddmx
RvZ i‡q‡Q| K…lKiv mvaviYZ ¯’vbxq RvZ Pvl K‡i _v‡K|

wPÎ 8.9.1 : Av`vi K›`mn MvQ

Rjevqy I gvwU
Av`vi e„w×i Rb¨ Dò I Av`ª© AvenvIqv Dc‡hvMx| AvswkK Qvqvhy³ ¯’v‡bI Av`vi Pvl fv‡jv nq| Av`vi Rb¨
mywb®‹vwkZ †e‡j †`vAuvk gvwU‡Z fv‡jv djb nq| Z‡e G‡Uj †`vAuvk gvwU‡ZI Pvl Kiv hvq|
Rwg ˆZwi I mvi cÖ‡qvM
Av`vi Rb¨ gvP©-GwcÖj gv‡m Rwg Mfxifv‡e 5-6 wU Pvl w`‡Z n‡e| AvMvQv ev AveR©bv cwi®‹vi K‡i gvwU Szi Sz‡i
K‡i mgZj K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Av`vi Rb¨ †Mvei mvi 10 Ub, BDwiqv 250-400 †KwR, wU Gmwc 150-180 †KwR,
Ggwc 160-180 †KwR †n±i cÖwZ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| Rwg ˆZwi mgq †Mvei mvi, wUGmwc, A‡a©K Ggwc mvi
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| evwK A‡a©K Ggwc mvi `yB wKw¯Í‡Z cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| BDwiqv mvi Pviv MRv‡bvi 40-50 w`b
ci Ges 2q wKw¯Í 90-100 w`b ci Ges evwKUzKz 120-140 w`b ci Dcwi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
†ivcb c×wZ
Av`vi 1-2 Ku~wo wewkó K›` gvP© †_‡K †g gv‡m †ivcb Ki‡Z n‡e| mvaviYZ 15-20 MÖvg IR‡bi K›` cÖwZ M‡Z©
1wU K‡i 40-50 †m.wg. mvwi †_‡K mvwi, MvQ †_‡K Mv‡Q 25 †m.wg. `~i‡Z¡ 5 †m.wg. Mfx‡i †ivcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
exR †ivc‡bi ci Szi Sz‡i gvwU w`‡q †X‡K w`‡Z n‡e| Av`v †ivc‡bi ci MvQ I wkKo e„w× cÖvß n‡j gvZ… Av`v
Zz‡j wb‡j Mv‡Qi †Kvb ÿwZ nq bv eis Avw_©K jvfevb nIqv hvq| GB c×wZ‡K wcjvB †Zvjv e‡j|

D`¨vb dmj c„ôv # 257

I‡cb ¯‹zj GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

AvšÍtcwiPh©v
Av`vi Rwg AvMvQvgy³ _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| AvMvQv cwi®‹vi Kivi mgq gvwU Szi Szi K‡i Mv‡Qi †Mvovq w`‡Z n‡e Ges
mv‡i Dcwi cÖ‡qvMI GKmv‡_ Ki‡Z n‡e| Av`vi Rwg‡Z 15 w`b cici †mP †`Iqv fv‡jv| Z‡e AwZwi³ cvwb
hv‡Z bv `vovq †mw`‡K jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e| Av`vi mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ dmj A_ev djR e„ÿ †hgb bvwi‡Kj, mycvwi,
KvVvj evMv‡b AvšÍtdmj wn‡m‡e Pvl Kiv hvq|
†ivM I †cvKv gvKo `gb
K›` cPb ev ivB‡Rvg iU †ivM Av`vi gvivZ¥K ÿwZ mvab K‡i _v‡K| e¨vwfw÷b exR K›` w`‡q †kvab K‡i I
ïwK‡q Rwg‡Z jvMv‡Z n‡e| GKB Rwg‡Z evi evi Av`vi Pvl bv Kiv fv‡jv|
el©vi ïiæ‡Z cvZv Sjmv‡bv †ivM †`Lv hvq| cÖ_‡g cvZvq wW¤^vK…wZ d¨vKv‡m `vM c‡o Ges Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í `vM¸wj
GKwÎZ n‡q we¯Ívi jvf K‡i Ges cvZv ïwK‡q hvq| WvB‡_b Gg-45 2.5 MÖvg GK wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q †¯úª
Ki‡Z n‡e| Av`vi †cvKv gvK‡oi g‡a¨ KvÛ wQ`ªKvix †cvKv, cvZv †gvov‡bv †cvKv ÿwZ K‡i _v‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î mwVK
KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j fv‡jv dj cvIqv hvq|
dmj msMÖn
Av`v jvMv‡bvi 7-10 gvm ci cvZv I MvQ njy` n‡q ïwK‡q †M‡j dmj †Zvjvi Dc‡hvMx nq| mvaviZ: wW‡m¤^i
†_‡K Rvbyqvwi gv‡m Av`v †Zvjv nq| Av`v Zz‡j wkKo I gvwU cwi®‹vi K‡i wb‡Z n‡e Zvici kxZj I Av‡jv c~Y©
GjvKvq Av`v msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e| djb †n±i cÖwZ 15-30 Ub n‡Z cv‡i|

wkÿv_©xiv Av`v †ivcb c×wZ I gvZ… Av`v †Zvjvi †KŠkj gv‡V ch©‡eÿY K‡i
wkÿv_©xi KvR
cÖwZ‡e`b ‰Zwi Ki‡e

mvivsk
Av`v Lvevi my¯^v`yKvix gmjv RvZxq dmj| Gi eû Jlwa¸Y I i‡q‡Q| Av`vi Rb¨ Dò I Av`ª© AvenvIqv
Dc‡hvMx| Av`v gvP©-GwcÖj gv‡m ecb Ki‡Z nq| Av`vi MvQ e„w× †c‡j gvZ… Av`v Zz‡j †bqv hvq| G‡K wcjvB
†Zvjv e‡j| djb †n±i cÖwZ 15-30 Ub n‡Z cv‡i|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-8.9
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| Av`v †Kvb gv‡m jvMv‡bv nq?
K) Ryb-RyjvB L) wW‡m¤^i-Rvbyqvwi
M) gvP©-‡g N) Rvbyqvwi-‡deªæqvwi
2| wcjvB †Zvjv wK?
K) gvZ… Av`v Zz‡j †djv L) Av`v †ivcb Kiv
M) Av`vi †ivM N) Av`vi †cvKv

c„ôv # 258 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K…wl wkÿv 1gcÎ BDwbU-8

P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
1| meyi wgqv gvwbKMÄ Zvi GK AvZ¥xq Gi evmvq †eov‡Z hvb| †mLv‡b wZwb Zvi AvZ¥xq Gi †cqvivi evMvb †`‡Lb| G
m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbvi †Póv K‡ib Gici wZwb wd‡i G‡m 5 weNv Rwg‡Z †hLv‡b Av‡M Avjy Pvl Ki‡Zb †mLv‡b
†cqviv evMvb Ki‡jb Ges mv_x dmj wn‡m‡e Av`v Pvl Ki‡jb| G‡Z Zvi Av‡Mi Zzjbvq A‡bK jvf n‡jv|
K) dj Pv‡li ¸iæZ¡ wjLyb|
L) †cqvivi RvZ I eskwe¯Ívi D‡jøL Kiæb|
M) Av`vi Pvlvev` c×wZ eY©bv Kiæb|
N) dj Pvl jvfRbK-Dw³wU we‡kølY Kiæb|

DËigvjv
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-8.1 : 1| K 2| M 3| N 4| K 5| M 6| L
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-8.2 : 1| N 2| N 3| K
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-8.3 : 1| K 2| L 3| K 4| K
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-8.4 : 1| L 2| K 3| L
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-8.5 : 1| K 2| K 3| M
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-8.6 : 1| M 2| K 3| M
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-8.7 : 1| K 2| L 3| M 4| K
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-8.8 : 1| L 2| L 3| K
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-7.9 : 1| M 2| K

D`¨vb dmj c„ôv # 259