YOUNG ACHIEVERS’ SCHOOL OF CALOOCAN, INC.

Academic Year 2020-2021

Senior High School Department
____________________________________________________________________________________

NAME: JHON KENETH RYAN B. NAMIAS DATE STARTED: 9/11/2021

GRADE & SECTION: 12 ICT-2 DATE COMPLETED: 9/11/2021
TEACHER: ANTHONY GOROSPE SUBJECT: Introduction to the Philosophy of a
Human Person

WEEK 4 ACTIVITY SHEET:

METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING (Continuation)

YOUR GOALS:
After completing the learning activities for this lesson, you are expected to:
 Identify the three types of disagreements
 Recognize the different methods in philosophizing
 Evaluate truth from opinions in different situations using the methods of philosophizing

YOUR INITIAL TASK

Analyze this picture for one minute. State the different details that you can see and give a conclusion/s on
what is really happening in the picture. Write your answers in the space below.
The cat chasing down the rat, while the rat is resting on the flowers. Cat leaps on the rat acting grabbing the
rat using it two paws. The flower color is violet, and I don’t know what flower it was, I am not a flower guy.

YOUR DISCUSSION TEXT:

If you compare your answers to the task that you did a while ago with one of your classmates’ answers
to the same task, you may notice that some of his/her answers is different from yours. This is because we as
human persons tend to have differing conclusions when examining a same situation. These differences in most
cases result into different disagreements.
Disagreements are lack of consensus or approval about something or failure to agree to about a certain
point or idea. Our lesson now is about the three different types of disagreements and how to use the methods
of philosophizing to evaluate the truth.

Three Types of Disagreements

1. Disagreements in belief – disagreement about facts which are properly resolve by verifying the
facts at issue.
2. Disagreements in attitude – disagreements over preferences and are usually resolved by
persuasion, if not by compromise. Persuasion can be done logically or illogically.
3. Merely Verbal Disagreements – are disagreements that arise out of the misunderstanding of
meanings of our linguistic expressions (such as words) and can be properly resolved by clarifying
the meanings of the misunderstood linguistic expressions.

We previously mentioned that disagreements in belief are resolved by verification of truth. We can
evaluate truth from opinions by using the different methods of philosophizing.

Different Methods in Philosophizing

Methods in philosophizing are processes of determining the truth or drawing conclusions from a
statement using various philosophical methods, such as: Dialectic/Socratic, scientific, and historical.
When you evaluate information, it is very important to distinguish between fact and opinion. How do
we know if something is true? Philosophers emphasize the importance of belief as a basis for determining
truth.
It is said that there are instances when we must unlearn something so that we may learn a new thing.
Philosophers questioned what they knew and even analyzed their methods of knowing in order to understand
themselves and the world much better. The discussion on truth is part of philosophical studies on knowledge
better known as the epistemology branch of philosophy where philosophers explore the nature of knowledge
and the ways of knowing.
Dialectic Method - Dialectic methods are based on a discussion between two or more people who may
carry differing views but wish to pursue the truth by seeking an agreement with one another. One of the most
popular type of dialectic method is the Socratic method.
Socratic Method – created by the philosopher Socrates, a method in philosophizing which is done by
asking continual questions until a contradiction was exposed, thus proving the fallacy of the initial assumption.
Scientific Method - Meanwhile, the scientific method is a process of determining truth or knowledge
through experimentation, inductive and deductive reasoning, and hypothesis or theory testing.

TYPES OF REASONING
Inductive Reasoning - uses a set of specific observations or details to reach an overarching conclusion;
it is the opposite of deductive reasoning. Particular information before general information. It is also called as
bottom-up reasoning.

Deductive Reasoning - requires one to start with a few general ideas, called premises, and apply
them to a specific situation. General information before particular information. Also called as top-down
reasoning

YOUR REINFORCEMENT TASKS:

Since we are done discussing our topic, let us now assess if you really have learned something. Answer
the following tasks. Read the directions carefully.

TASK 1:
Directions: Identify what type of disagreement is being shown in the following situations. Write BELIEF if it is a
disagreement in belief, ATTITUDE if it is a disagreement in attitude, and VERBAL if it is a merely verbal
disagreement.

VERBAL 1. Meg and Bernard are arguing over which movie to watch together only to find out that
they have the same movie in mind.
 ATTITUDE 2. Jose insists to his friend Max, that the right answer for a specific question in the
previous test is the answer that he had written, only to find out that it is the one Max got the correct answer
after the checking of test papers.
BELIEF 3. Ralph and his brother disagree on the issue of same sex marriage.
BELIEF 4. Andy believes that recreational and medicinal use of cannabis should be legalized in the
Philippines. On the other hand, Henley believes that it should remain illegal.
BELIEF 5. Two history enthusiasts are debating on who is the first president of the Republic of the
Philippines.

TASK 2:
Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. In the laboratory, the students are creating an experiment to understand what would happening if two
substances are mixed. What method of philosophizing are they using?
A. Socratic Method B. Scientific Method C. Inductive Reasoning D. Deductive Reasoning
2. The detective first examines the specific details in the case he is working on before going straight to the
general details.
A. Socratic Method B. Scientific Method C. Inductive Reasoning D. Deductive Reasoning
3. During class time, teacher Mandy keeps on asking her students in order for them to understand that their
beliefs are wrong.
A. Socratic Method B. Scientific Method C. Inductive Reasoning D. Deductive Reasoning
4. In discussing his argument in the court, Atty Dela Cruz first points out the main premises of the case before
providing specific evidence to support his client’s defense.
A. Socratic Method B. Scientific Method C. Inductive Reasoning D. Deductive Reasoning

TASK 3:
Directions: Determine what is fact and what is opinion between the following alternatives. Make a strong
argument using the methods of philosophizing. Write your explanation in 2-3 sentences in per number.

Road Order Contributor: Traffic Enforcers vs Traffic Lights

Traffic enforcers can easily identify the traffic and smarter than traffic lights. Traffics lights are deigned to
moderate traffic while traffic enforcer is skilled to reduce or even eliminate traffic. There is situation that
traffic lights go to yellow/ red even there are no cars, some find this irritating for both passengers and driver.

ENRICHMENT TASK:
Directions: What can you say about the picture below? Write your reflection in the spaces below.
 With this quote I questioned myself about “what’s my weakest weakness?”, what is my strongest strength?” and
“what is my core value?” its not like question am familiar with like “what’s my favorite video game?” but what am I as a
person the things I value the most in life and came with a conclusion that I know little about myself, and that’s because
no one asked me that question before.