LESSON PLAN

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON

CONSTRUCTED BY:
GROUP 3

THE LEARNING STANDARD

 CONTENT STANDARD: The learner demonstrates various ways of doing philosophy

 PERFORMANCE STANDARD: The learner evaluates opinions
 COMPETENCY: Distinguish opinion from truth

Objectives
At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:
a. distinguish opinion from truth in an essay;
b. determine ways on how to distinguish truth from opinion through charting;
c. create an essay that presents opinion and truth.

Topic: Fact and Opinion

 Definition of Truth and Opinion
 How to determine truth from opinion
Materials: Power Point Presentation, box, pieces of paper, writing paper, pen
Resources:
 www.K12reader.com
 www.superteacherworksheets.com
 www.ereadingworksheets.com
 www.philosophersmag.com

Motivation
“THE DRESS”
- A story of the photo posted on tumbler about a particular dress that is seen differently by people
who saw it. It went viral as nobody can really conclude if it is blue and black or white and gold.

Rationale: IT MAY SEEM AT FIRST THAT THE DIFFERENCES ARE EASY TO SEE, HOWEVER NOT
EVERYTHING IS AS BLACK AND WHITE AS IT MAY SEEM. In the same way, truth and opinion are not
always easily identifiable and separable.

ACTIVITY:
 Mystery Box vis-à-vis Taking A Stand
 One area of the room will be divided into two. Each side labelled FACT and OPINION.
 The teacher provides a box that contains pieces of paper with statements in it.
  As the teacher calls for a student, he/she (student) comes in front and picks one from the box.
 The student reads aloud the statement, analyse the content and determine if it is a fact or
opinion.
 The student will go to the area labelled according to his/her choice and gives a short explanation
about his/her answer.
 The teacher may ask the other students to think about the statement as well and make their
own choice but cannot raise comments meantime.
 The processing will be done after the activity.

Sample statements:
a. Many people live in houses.
b. Humans see with their eyes.
c. Cats have four legs.
d. Everyone has a birthday.
e. Apples grow on trees.
f. K to 12 is the best program of DepEd.

Questions for processing:

a. What did you consider when categorizing the statement as opinion or truth?
b. How do you differentiate opinion from truth?
c. What is truth? Opinion?

ANALYSIS:
 CHARTING
 Students will form groups.
 Each group will be given materials.
 They must fill in the chart to complete details it requires.
 Presentation will be after then processing follows.

Define TRUTH OPINION

Ways of determining

Importance of knowing

Truth - it is something which can be verified with evidence.

Opinion – it is based on belief and viewpoint. It is often a personal interpretation and cannot be verified
with evidence.
APPROACHES FOR MAKING CLAIMS TO KNOWING TRUTH ( Dr. Matt Moody)

REPAIR
- Rationalism
- Empiricism
- Pragmatism
- Authority
- I shouldn’t expect my opinions to be worth much if they aren’t substantiated
- Revelation

RATIONALISM – The method of making claims to truth relies heavily upon the head.
That which is logical and consistent is true.
EMPIRICISM – It uses the head logic of rationalism and adds evidence that can be systematically verified
via sensory input.
That which I can prove to my senses is true.
PRAGMATISM – It relies upon results, typically time tested results. It is derived via scientific method and
practical life experiences.
That which bears fruit and works is true.
AUTHORITY
What experts say is true - observation of wise men and women establish truth.
REVELATION – When one believes in the existence of a high power.
That which God reveals is true. Revelations from God establishes truth

ABSTRACTION
 POPCORN READING
 The teacher presents a selection.
Title of selection: Being a Queen Bee.
 The students read as he/she is called by the teacher.
 The student analyse the selection and choose one sentence/phrase.
 The student must determine if it is a truth or opinion.

ASSESSMENT:
ESSAY WRITING
 This is an individual task.
 The student chooses a topic of his/her to focus on.
 He/she must write something about it.
 He/she underlines truth and encircles all opinions.

ENRICHMENT:
Write 2 truths and an opinion about himself/herself.