@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

陈
国际

Chapter 6 Vieta’s
Viet Theorem and Applications
数理
中科

1
@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

1
Contents

1
BASIC KNOWLEDGE ....................................................................................
.................... 2

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1. Vieta’s Theorem ................................................................................................................
................................................................................................ 2

2. Useful Forms Of Vieta’s Theorem ....................................................................................

................................................................ 3

3.Converse Of Vieta’s Theorem............................................................................................

............................................................................................
............................................................................................ 4

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4.Generalized Vieta’s Theorem:............................................................................................
................................................................ 5

5.A Different Form Of Vieta’s Theorem ...............................................................................

................................................................ 9

131
6. Applications Of Vieta’s Theorem....................................................................................
.................................................................................... 11

7.Applications Of The Converse Of Vieta’s Theorem ........................................................ 20

PROBLEMS .................................................................................................... 27
SOLUTIONS ................................................................................................... 31
梽
陈汉
国际
数理
中科

1
@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

BASIC KNOWLEDGE

1 1
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1. Vieta’s Theorem

2
If x1 and x2 are two roots of a quadratic equation ax bx c 0,(a 0),

203
then

131
b
x1 x2 (1.1)
a

c
x1 x2 (1.2)
a
梽
Proof:
陈汉

Let x1 and x2 be the two roots of a quadratic equation

ax 2 bx c 0 where a 0.

b b 2 4ac b b 2 4ac
国际

x1 , x2 .
2a 2a

The sum of x1 and x2 is obtained by adding the two equations together:

数理

b b 2 4ac b b 2 4ac
x1 x2
2a 2a
2b b
.
2a a
中科

The product of x1 and x2 is obtained by multiplying the two equations together:

2
@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

b 2
b 4ac b 2
b 4ac ( b) 2 b 2 4 ac 4ac c

1
x1 x2 2
.
2a 2a 4a 4a 2 a

1
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Note: When we derived Vieta’ss Theorem, the roots could have been real or not.

However, if there is a problem stating that the roots are real (or positive), you need to

consider both 0 and a 0 . If it is necessary, you need to check whether or not

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0.

2. Useful Forms Of Vieta’s Theorem

131
2
x12 x22 x1 x2 2 x1 x2 梽 (2.1)

b x1 x2 2c
x12 x22 (2.2)
a
陈汉

b2 2ac
x12 x22 2
(2.3)
a

2
x13 x23 x1 x2 x1 x2 3x1 x2 (2.4)

b x12 x22 c x1 x2
国际

3 3
x1 x2 (2.5)
a

3abc b3
x13 x23 (2.6)
a3
数理

n n
b x1n 1
x2n 1
c x1n 2
x2n 2

x1 x2 (2.7)
a

2 2
中科

x1 x2 x1 x2 4 x1 x2 (2.8)

x1 x2 x1 x2 2 x1 x2 x1 0, x2 0 (2.9)
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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

1 1 x1 x2 b a b
(2.10)
x1 x2 x1 x2 a c c

1 1 b
b 2a b 2a
1 1 x1 x2 c b 2 2ac
(2.11)
x12 x22 c c c2

1 1 b3 3abc
(2.12)
x13 x23 c3

2 2
1 1 1 1
3 3
b a
x1 x2 x1 x2

1
1 1
(2.13)
x1 x2 c

In all the above formulas, x1 and x2 represent the two roots of the quadratic equation

ax 2 bx c 0.
陈

3.Converse Of Vieta’s
’s Theorem

If x1 and x2 satisfy the following:

b c
国

x1 x2 , and x1 x2
a a

2
Then x1 and x2 are two roots of a quadratic equation ax bx c 0,(a 0).

This theorem can be used to construct a quadratic equation.

Proof:

4
@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

b c
ax 2 bx c a x 2 x

1
a a

1
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b c
Since x1 x2 , x1 x2 .
a a

b c

203
ax 2 bx c a x 2 x a x2 x1 x2 x x1 x2
a a

Substituting x1 for x into the left hand side of the above equation:

131
ax12 bx1 c a x12 x1 x2 x1 x1 x2 a x12 x12 x1 x2 x1 x2 0.

Thus, we have x1 as the root of ax 2 bx c 0.

梽
Similarly, we have ax22 bx2 c a x22 x22 x1 x2 x1 x2 0.
陈汉

And therefore x2 is also the root of ax 2 bx c 0.

4.Generalized Vieta’ss Theorem:

国际

(1). Let x1 , x2 , and x3 e the roots for a 3-

3-degree polynomial Then

a0 x3 a1 x 2 a2 x1 a3 0. Then
数理

a1
x1 x2 x3 (4.1)
a0
中科

a2
x1 x2 x2 x3 x3 x1 (4.2)
a0

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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

a3
x1 x2 x3 (4.3)

1
a0

1
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(2). Let x1 , x2 , x3 , and x4 be the roots for a 4-degree
degree polynomial

a0 x 4 a1 x3 a2 x 2 a3 x1 a4 0.

203
Then

131
a1
x1 x2 x3 x4 (4.4)
a0

a2
x1 x2 x1 x3 x1 x4 x2 x3 x2 x4 x3 x4 (4.5)
梽
a0
陈汉

a3
x1 x2 x3 x1 x2 x4 x1 x3 x4 x2 x3 x4 (4.6)
a0

a4
x1 x2 x3 x4 (4.7)
a0
国际
数理
中科

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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

Example 1: If 2 is a root of 4 x 2 11x 6 0 , find the second root.

1 1
522
203
131
梽
陈汉
国际
数理
中科

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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

1 1
Example 2: Find 3 3
if a and þ are two roots of the equation 2 x 2 5 x 3 0.

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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

5.A Different Form Of Vieta’s Theorem

11
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b 2 4ac
x2 x1 (5.1)
|a|

If a > 0, then (1) can be simplified to

203
b 2 4ac
x2 x1 (5.2)
a a

131
Proof:

According to Vieta’s Theorem, we have

梽
2
2 2 b c b2 4ac
x2 x1 x1 x2 4 x1 x2 4 .
陈汉

2
a a a

Hence:

b 2 4ac
x1 x2 .
|a| |a|
国际

b b 2 4ac b b 2 4ac b 2 4ac

x1 x2 .
2a 2a |a|
数理
中科

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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

2
Example 3: (AMC) Consider x px q 0 , where p and q are positive numbers.

If the roots of this equation differ by 1, then p equals

(A) 4q 1 (B) q 1 (C) 4q 1 (D) q 1 (E) 4q 1

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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

6. Applications Of Vieta’s Theorem

1 1
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(1). Problems with quadratic equations:

2
Example 4: If the roots of the equation 2kx (3k 2) x 2k 1 0 differ by 1, find

203
the positive value of k.

131
梽
陈汉
国际
数理
中科

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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

(2). Distance between two x-intercepts of a parabola

1 1
The quadratic function y ax 2 bx c meets the x-axis
axis at two points A( x1 , 0) and

522
B( x2 ,0) where x1 and x2 satisfy ax 2 bx c 0.

203
The distance between A and B is:

b 2 4 ac
| AB | x2 x1 .
|a| |a|

131
梽
陈汉
国际
数理
中科

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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

Example 5: The quadratic function y 3 px 2 6 px 3 p 2 intersects the xx-axis at

1 1
6
two points. Find p such that the distance between two points of intersection is .

522
3

203
131
梽
陈汉
国际
数理
中科

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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

(3). Simplification of roots testing

1 1
5 43 5 43
Example 6: Show that x1 and x2

522
are two roots of the equation
9 9

9 x 2 10 x 2 0.

203
131
梽
陈汉
国际
数理
中科

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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

(4). Determination of the signs of roots

1 1
Example 7: Determine the sign of the roots of 6 x 2 5 x 1 0 without actually

522
solving for the roots.

203
131
梽
陈汉
国际
数理
中科

15
@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

(5).Finding values

1 1
b a 2
Example 8: Find if a b, a 3a 1, and b 2 3b 1.
a2 b 2

522
203
131
梽
陈汉
国际
数理
中科

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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

(6). Solving a system of equations

1 1
x xy y 11
Example 9: Solve

522
x 2 y xy 2 30

203
131
梽
陈汉
国际
数理
中科

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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

(7). Geometry problems

1 1
Example 10: As shown in the figure, circle O of radius r is inscribed to

522
ABC at D, E, and F. C 60 . The length of the side opposite to C is

203
c 3 . Find the range of r.

131
梽
陈汉
国际
数理
中科

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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

(8). Proving problems

1 1
Example 11: Show that there is one and only one of real numbers x, y, and z exceeding

522
3
4 if x y z 0 and xyz 1.

203
131
梽
陈汉
国际
数理
中科

19
@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

7.Applications Of The Converse Of Vieta’s Theorem

1 1
If a problem contains the sum and the product of two numbers, the converse of

522
Vieta’ss Theorem can be used to construct a quadratic equation directly.

We have included examples demonstrating the use of the converse of the theorem above;

203
however, here are a few more.

Example 12: Solve for real x, y, and z:

131
x y 2
xy z 2 1 梽
陈汉
国际
数理
中科

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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

Example 13: Find the greatest real value of z such that x y z 5 and

1
xy yz zx 3. x and y are real numbers.

1
522
203
131
梽
陈汉
国际
数理
中科

21
@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

4 8
Example 14: Show that 1 a b and a 2 b2 1 if a b c 1, and

1
3 9

1
a2 b2 c2 1.

522
203
131
梽
陈汉
国际
数理
中科

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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

Example 15: Find the range of the function y 2 x x 1.

1 1
522
203
131
梽
陈汉
国际
数理
中科

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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

Example 16: If the sum of two squares of the real roots for the quadratic equation
1
2 x 2 ax 2a 1 0 is 7 . The value of a is
4

(A) – 11 or 3 (B) – 11 (C) 3 (D) 5

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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

2
Example 17: Find the greatest possible value of x1 x22 if x1 and x2 are two real

1 1
roots of x 2 ( k 2) x k2 3k 5 0. k is real.

522
5
(A) 19 (B) 18 (C) 5 (D) not exist
9

203
131
梽
陈汉
国际
数理
中科

25
@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

Example 18: (AMC) How many distinct ordered triples (x, y, z) satisfy the equations

1 1
x 2 y 4 z 12

522
xy 4 yz 2 xz 22
xyz 6 ?

(A) none (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4 (E) 6

203
131
梽
陈汉
国际
数理
中科

26
@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

PROBLEMS

1 1
4 7

522
Problem 1: Find the quadratic equation with two roots and .
5 2

203
Problem 2: If and are two real roots of quadratic equation 2 x 2 7 x 2 0 ,
1 1
find a quadratic equation with two roots of and .

131
Problem 3: Find k if the sum of the reciprocals of two roots of the equation
梽
8
4 x 2 8x k 0 is .
3
陈汉

3 3
Problem 4: Find if a and þ are two roots of the equation 2 x 2 5 x 3 0.
国际

Problem 5: (AMC) Two numbers whose sum is 6 and the absolute value of whose

difference is 8 are roots of the equation:

数理

(A) x 2 6 x 7 0 (B) x 2 6 x 7 0 (C) x 2 6 x 8 0

(D) x 2 6 x 8 0 (E) x 2 6 x 7 0
中科

Problem 6: Determine the signs of the roots of 4 x 2 7 x 2 0 without actually

27
@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

solving for the roots.

1 1
522
Problem 7: Show that 3 2 p q 2 for real positive numbers p and q if p 3 q 3 2.

203
x3 y3 468, (1)
Problem 8: Solve: 2 2
x y xy 420. (2)

Problem 9: Find the smallest positive value of x y if x y 131 x y.

梽
Problem 10: Show that | c | 2 5 if
陈汉

ab 10 (1)
a2 b2 c2 (2)
国际

a x b x
Problem 11: Solve 2 if a b 0.
b x a x
数理

Problem 12: Find the range of a if a, b, and c are real numbers satisfying
中科

a2 bc 8a 7 0 (1)
2 2
b c bc 6a 6 0 (2)

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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

1 1
Problem 13: (AMC) If a, b, c, and d are non-zero
zero numbers such that c and d are the

522
solutions of x 2 ax b 0 and a and b are the solutions of x 2 cx d 0, then

a b c d equals

203
1 5
(A) 0 (B) – 2 (C) 2 (D) 4 (E)
2

131
Problem 14: (North Carolina State Mathematics Contest) Two of the roots of the
3
equation 2 x 3x 2 px q 0 are 3 and –2. What is the third root?
梽
陈汉

x y z 9,
Problem 15: Solve xy yz zx 26,
xyz 24.
国际

1 1
Problem 16: Find 3 3
,if and are two roots of the equation x 2 x 3 0
数理

Problem 17: How many distinct ordered triples (x, y, z) satisfy the equations

x y z 1, (1)
中科

2 2 2
x y z 21, (2)
3 3 3
x y z 55. (3)

29
@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

1 1
3
Problem 18: (AMC) If p, q and r are distinct roots of x x 2 x 2 0, then

522
p3 q 3 r 3 equals

203
(A) – 1 (B) 1 (C)3 (D) 5 (E
(E) none of these

131
Problem 19: Find the value for q if the product of two of the three roots of the equation

x 3 5 x 2 qx 12 0 is 4. 梽
陈汉

Problem 20: Three roots of 6 x 3 19 x 2 2 x 3 0 are a, b, and c, and that the roots
3 s
of x mx 2 nx p 0 are a 2 , b 2 , and c 2 . Find s + t if m . s and t are
t
relatively prime.
国际
数理
中科

30
@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

SOLUTIONS

1 1
Problem 1: Solution: 10 x 2 27 x 28 0.

522
2
Let the equation be x px q 0.

203
4 7 27 27 4 7 28
By Vieta’s Theorem, p [ ] and q .
5 2 10 10 5 2 10

131
27 28
The quadratic equation becomes x 2 x 0 or 10 x 2 27 x 28 0.
10 10
梽
Problem 2: Solution: x 2 7 x 4 0.
陈汉

2
Let the equation be x px q 0.

By Vieta’s Theorem

1 1 7 7
国际

p ( ) 7
2 2

1 1 1
q 2 1 1 2 4.
数理

Therefore the quadratic equation is x 2 7 x 4 0.

中科

Problem 3: Solution: 3.

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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

Let the two roots be x1 and x2 .

1 1
1 1 8

522
.
x1 x2 3

k
By Vieta’s Theorem, x1 x2 and x1 x2 2.

203
4

1 1 x1 x2 2 8
Since , . k 3.
x1 x2 x1 x2 k 3

131
4

7
Problem 4: Solution: 26 .
梽
8

By Vieta’s Theorem,
陈汉

5 3
, .
2 2

2 2
3 3
b c( )
国际

37 5
5 ( 3)
3 3 4 2 215 7
26 .
2 8 8
数理

Problem 5: Solution: x 2 6 x 7 0
中科

Method 1 (official soluti

solution):

The numbers are 7 and – 1; the required equation is, therefore, x 2 6 x 7 0 .

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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

Method 2 (our solution):

1 1
By Vieta’s Theorem:

522
6 (1)

| | 8 (2)

203
(1) 2 (2) 2 : 4 28 7

131
Therefore a and þ are the two roots of the quadratic x 2 6 x 7 0 .

梽
Problem 6: Solution: Negative, Positive.
陈汉

Since 7 2 4 4( 2) 0,

By Vieta’ss Theorem, the equation has two real roots.

c 1
x1 x2 0, so the product is negative and thus the two roots have opposite
a 2
国际

signs. Thus, one root is negative and the other is positive.

b 7
Since x1 x2 , the negative root has a greater absolute value than the
a 4
数理

positive root.
中科

Problem 7: Solution:

Let

33
@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

p q k 0 (1)

1
1
Since

522
2 p3 q3 ( p q) ( p q) 2 3 pq k k2 3 pq ,

203
k3 2
pq (2)
3k

From (1) and (2) and Vieta’ss Theorem, we know that p and q are two positive roots of

131
k3 2
t2 kt 0.
3k

2
4 k3 2
k 0
梽
So 3k
k3 2 0
陈汉

3
Solve for k: 3
2 k 2 or 2 p q 2. QED.
国际

x 5, x 7,
Problem 8: Solution: or
y 7; y 5.

We are given the following system of equations:

数理

x 3 y 3 468 (1)
x 2 y xy 2 420 (2)

Substituting x3 y3 (x y) ( x y)2 3xy into(1), we get

中科

(x y) ( x y)2 3xy 468 (3)

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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

Let x y u , xy v. Substituting these values into (3) and (2), we get the following

1
system of equations:

1
522
u3 3uv 468,
uv 420.

203
Solving, we get: u 12, v 35.

This results in the system of equations

131
x y 12,
xy 35.

x 5, x 7,
梽
Solving we get or
y 7; y 5.
陈汉

Problem 9: Solution: 4.

Let x y x y k 0, x and y are two real roots of t 2 kt k 0.

( k ) 2 4k 0.
国际

Therefore

k 4 so the smallest positive value of x + y, or ( x y)min equals 4.

数理

Problem 10: Solution:

We are given the following system of equations:

中科

ab 10 (1)
a 2 b2 c2 (2)
35
@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

2
From (2), we have (a b) c 2 2ab (3)

1 1
Substituting (1) into (3) gives us

522
(a b)2 c 2 20

203
Or a b c 2 20 (4)

From (1) and (4), we know that a and b are two real roots of the quadratic

131
t2 c 2 20 t 10 0.

2
Therefore we have: c 2 20 40 0.
梽
Simplifying gives us
陈汉

c2 20 | c | 2 5.

QED.
国际

1
Problem 11: Solution: x ( a b)
2
数理

a x b x
Notice that 1.
b x a x

a x b x
中科

By Vieta’ss Theorem, and are two roots of the quadratic equation

b x a x

t 2 2t 1 0 t1 t2 1.
36
@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

a x 1

1
Therefore 1 x (a b).
b x 2

1
522
1
To double check, we can substitute x ( a b) nto the original equation, and see that
2
it is indeed the root of the original equation.

203
Problem 12: Solution: 1 a 9.

We are given the following system of equations:

131
a2 bc 8a 7 0 (1)
2 2
b c bc 6a 6 0 梽 (2)

From (1) we have

陈汉

bc a 2 8a 7 (3)

From (2) – (1) we have

b c (a 1) (4)
国际

From (3) and (4) and Vieta’ss Theorem, we know that b and c are the two roots of

t 2 (a 1)t a 2 8a 7 0.
数理

Since a, b, and c are real numbers, so the discriminant the quadratic must be positive,

or (a 1) 2 4 a 2 8a 7 0.

Solving the inequality, we have 1 a 9.

中科

Problem 13: Solution: (B). Method 1 (official Solution):

37
@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

Since the constant term

erm of a monic quadratic equations is the product of its roots,

1 1
b cd , d ab.

522
Since the coefficient of x in a monic quadratic equation is the negative of the sum of its
rots, a c d, c a b; thus a c d 0 a b c, and b d . But the equations

203
b cd and d ab imply, since b d 0 , that 1 a c . Therefore, b d 2 ,
and a b c d 2.

131
Method 2 (our solution):

x2 ax b 0 (1)

x 2 cx d 0 (2)
梽
(1) (2) : 2 x 2 (a c) x b d 0 (3)
陈汉

Substituting in 1 for x into (3): 2 a c b d 0 a c b d 2.

1
Problem 14: Solution: .
2
国际

By Vieta’ss Theorem, the sum of the three roots is equal to

3
x1 x2 x3 .
2
数理

We are given that two of the roots are 3 and – 2, so substituting in these values, we get

3 1
3 2 x3 x3 .
2 2
中科

Problem 15: Solution:

38
@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

x 4, x 4, x 2,
y 2, y 3, y 3,
z 3; z 2; z 4;

x 2, x 3, x 3,
y 4, y 2, y 4,
z 3; z 4; z 2;

By Vieta’ss Theorem, x, y, and z are the three roots of the equation below

u 3 9u 2 26u 24 0 (1)

Factoring gives us:

(u 2)(u 4)(u 3) 0
u1 2, u2 4, u3 3.

We have the six following solutions:

x 4, x 4, x 2,
y 2, y 3, y 3,
z 3; z 2; z 4;

x 2, x 3, x 3,
y 4, y 2, y 4,
z 3; z 4; z 2;
理

10
Problem 16: Solution: .
27
科数

1 1 10
3 3
. (Similar to Example 2. Apply formula (2.12) or (2.13))
27

39
@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

x 1, x 1. x 2, x 2, x 4, x 4,

1
Problem 17: Solution: y 2, y 4, y 1, y 4, y 1, y 2,

1
z 4; z 2; z 4; z 1; z 2; z 1.

522
Subtracting equation (2) from the square of equation (1), we get (1)2 – (2):

203
(1) 2 (2) :
xy yz zx 10 (4)

We know that

131
x3 y3 z3 3 xyz (x y z) x2 y2 z2 xy zy zx

55 3 xyz (21 10)

梽
xyz 8.
陈汉

So x, y, and z are three roots of the equation u 3 u 2 10u 8 0.

Solving, we get: u1 1, u2 2, u3 4. Since we are looking for the number of

distinct ordered triples, we can permute these three values to obtain the ffollowing six
国际

solutions:

x 1, x 1. x 2, x 2, x 4, x 4,
y 2, y 4, y 1, y 4, y 1, y 2,
z 4; z 2; z 4; z 1; z 2; z 1.
数理

Problem 18: Solution: (E). Method 1 (official Solution):

If p, q, r are roots, then the polynomial can be factored as follows:

中科

x3 x2 x 2 (x p )( x q)( x r )
3
x ( p q r ) x2 ( pq pr qr ) x pqr.

40
@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

Equating coefficients of like powers of x, we find

1 1
p q r 1, pq pr qr 1, pqr 2.

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In looking for the sum of the cubes of the roots of a cubic equation, let us use the fact

that each root satisfies the equation:

203
p3 p2 p 2 0
3 2
q q q 2 0
r3 r2 r 2 0.

131
Adding these, we obtain

(*) p 3 q3 r3 p2 q2 r2 ( p q r) 6 0.
梽
We saw that p q r 1 and shall determine the sum of the squares of the roots by
陈汉

squaring this relation:

( p q r )2 P2 q2 r2 2( pq pr qr ) 1
2 2 2
p q r 2(1) 1
p2 q2 r2 1.
国际

Substituting this into (*), we obtain

p3 q3 r 3 1 1 6 4.
数理

Method 2 (our solution):

p3 q3 r 3 ( p q r ) p2 q 2 r 2 ( pq qr rp) 3 pqr
(1)
中科

( p q r ) ( p q r )2 3( pq qr rp) 3 pqr

By (4.1), p q r 1 (2)

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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

By (4.2), pq qr rp 1 (3)

1 1
By (4.2), pqr 2 (4)

522
Substituting (2), (3), and (4) into (1):

p3 q3 r 3 ( p q r ) ( p q r ) 2 3( pq qr rp ) 3 pqr

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1 (1) 2 3(1) 3 2 2 6 4.

Problem 19: Solution: 2.

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Let r1 , r2 , and r3 be the three roots. For some pairing of the roots, r1r2 4.

3
Apply Vieta’s Theorem to the equation x 5 x 2 qx 12 0, (1)
梽
陈汉

we get r1r2 r3 12.

r1r2r3 12
r3 3.
r1r2 4
国际

q r1r2 r2 r3 r3r1 4 3r2 3r1 4 3 r2 r1 .

Applying Vieta’ss Theorem again we have 5 r1 r2 r3 r1 r2 5 3 2

数理

Therefore, q 4 3( p 3 ) 4 6 2.

Or we can substitute r3 = 3 into (1) to get 27 9 5 3q 12 0 q 2.

中科

Problem 20: Solution: 373.

Vieta Theorem to the equation 6 x 3 19 x 2 2 x 3 0 , we have

Applying Vieta’s

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@ Chapter 4 Vieta’s Theorem and Applications

a b c 19 / 6

1
ab bc ca 2 / 6 1/ 3

1
522
3
Applying Vieta’s Theorem to x mx 2 nx p 0 :

m a 2 b2 c2

203
2
2 19 1 337
(a b c) 2( ab bc ca) 2 .
6 3 36
s t 337 36 373.

131
梽
陈汉
国际
数理
中科

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中科

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梽
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