STEM 11

CHEMISTRY 1

QUARTER 4: MODULE 3
GASES

PHOEBE T. MARCHAN
INSTRUCTOR

Time Frame: One Week

Module 3
Learning outcomes:
At the end of the lesson, the students must be able to;
 define pressure and give the common units of pressure.

Discussion

Lesson 1
Gas Pressure

Pressure is defined as force exerted per unit area.

P= F/A
For atmospheric pressure, the force can be attributed to the weight of air molecules
that are attracted to the surface by gravity. Because air molecules vary at different
altitudes, the atmospheric pressure varies as well. More air molecules are present at a
lower altitude than at a higher altitude. Hence, it can be observed that the pressure is low
at high places. Air is fluid, thus, pressure runs in all directions. Pressure runs in opposite
directions balance one another.
Example, the gas in a balloon exerts equal amount of pressure in any direction. The
gas molecules collide with the walls as they move. This exerts a force that pushes the
balloon’s walls outward. These forces are responsible for the shape of the balloon.

Factors that Affect Gas Pressure

1. Temperature
This pertains to the measurement of the speed of particles while moving inside
an object. The faster the particles move, the more energy and heat they generate.
This leads to greater amount of pressure in the gas.
2. Volume
It refers to the amount of space an object takes up. In gases, volume depends
on the vessel containing the gas. Less volume denotes higher pressure.
3. Number of Particles
The more gas particle in a container, the greater is its pressure, and vice versa.

Units of Pressure
The SI unit for pressure is N/m 2 (1N/m2 = 1Pa). a derived unit that reflects the
definition of pressure.

the SI unit for pressure is N/

the SI unit for force is kg

m/=N

The SI unit for acceleration is

kg m/

Figure 1: Derivation of the unit of pressure

Some Common Units for Pressure

Unit Equivalent Value in Other units Equivalent Value in Pascal
1 Pa Pascal = 1N/m2 (SI unit) ----------
1 psi 1lb/in 2 (English unit) 6,891 Pa
1 bar 105 N/m2 100 kPa = 1 atm
1 torr 1mm Hg 133.3 Pa = 1kPa
1 atm 760 mm Hg = 29.92 in Hg = 14.70 psi 101.3 kPa

The atmospheric pressure is measured with a barometer.

When air pressure increases, the mercury in the tube rises; likewise, when pressure
decreases, so does the height of the mercury column. The discovery of the barometer paved
the birth of the units for pressure. The standard atmospheric pressure, which is equivalent
to 1 atmosphere unit (atm), is equal to the pressure that supports a column of mercury
that is 760mm (76cm)high. This is also equal to 760mmHg,760 torr, and to 101 325 Pa.

1 atm = 760 mmHg

= 760 torr
= 101 325 Pa
Activity:
A. What is pressure?
B. What instrument used to measure the atmospheric pressure

ASSESSMENT

Perform the indicated conversions:

1. 1,140 mmHg to atm

2. 100 Pa to bar
3. 149.6 psi to Pa
4. 100 bar to mm Hg

ASSIGNMENT

What are the several factors that affect gas pressure? Explain each briefly.