BILANGAN BERPANGKAT

A. Mind Map

B. Definisi
Definisi bilangan berpangkat
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 × 𝑎 × 𝑎 × … × 𝑎
𝑎≠0
Sebanyak 𝑛
Bukan 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂 × 𝒏

Contoh:
1. 34 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 81
2. 𝑚5 = 𝑚 × 𝑚 × 𝑚 × 𝑚 × 𝑚

C. Sifat-Sifat Bilangan Berpangkat

1. 𝑎𝑚 × 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚 +𝑛
Contoh
52 × 54 = ⋯ ?
Jawaban
Cara I
52 × 54 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5
= 56
= 15.625
 Cara II
52 × 54 = 52+4 = 56
= 15.625

2. 𝑎𝑚 : 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚 −𝑛
Contoh
a. 76 : 74 = ⋯ ?
Cara I
6
7 7×7×7×7×7×7 7×7×7×7×7×7
76 : 74 = 4 = = = 7×7
7 7×7×7×7 7×7×7×7
= 72
76 : 74 = 49
Cara II
76 : 74 = 76−4 = 72
76 : 74 = 49
b. 33 : 35 = ⋯ ?
Cara I
3
3 3×3×3 3×3×3 1 1
33 : 35 = 5 = 3×3×3×3×3 = 3×3×3×3×3 = 3×3 = 2
3 3
1
33 : 35 = 9

Cara II
33 : 35 = 33−5 = 3−2
1
33 : 35 = 2
3
Sehingga:
1 1
3−2 = 2 =
3 9
3. 𝑎𝑚 𝑛
= 𝑎𝑚 ×𝑛
Contoh
𝑝2 3
= ⋯?
Cara I
𝑝2 3
= 𝑝2 × 𝑝2 × 𝑝2
= 𝑝×𝑝 × 𝑝×𝑝 × 𝑝×𝑝
𝑝2 3
= 𝑝6
Cara II
𝑝2 3
= 𝑝2×3
𝑝2 3
= 𝑝6

𝑚
4. 𝑎 × 𝑏 = 𝑎𝑚 × 𝑎𝑛
Contoh
3
2×5 = ⋯?
Cara I
3
2×5 = 103 = 10 × 10 × 10
3
2×5 = 1.000
Cara II
3
2×5 = 23 × 53 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5
= 8 × 125
3
2×5 = 1.000

𝑎 𝑚 𝑎𝑚
5. =
𝑏 𝑏𝑚
Contoh

6 4
= ⋯?
3
Cara I

6 4 4
=2 =2×2×2×2
3

6 4
= 16
3
 Cara II

6 4 64 1296
= 4 = = 16
3 3 81

D. Bilangan Berpangkat Negatif dan Berpangkat Nol

1. Bilangan Berpangkat Negatif
1
a. 𝑎−𝑚 = 𝑚
𝑎
Contoh
1 1 1
4−3 = 3 = 4×4×4 = 64
4
1 𝑚
b. −𝑚 = 𝑎
𝑎
Contoh
1 2
= 8 = 8 × 8 = 64
8−2
Penjelasan
1 1 82 2
= 1 = 1 × = 8 = 64
8−2 2
1
8

2. Bilangan Berpangkat Nol

Misalkan 𝑎 ∈ ℛ, 𝑎 ≠ 0, maka
𝑎0 = 1
Penjelasan
𝑎×𝑎×𝑎×…×𝑎
𝑎0 = 𝑎𝑚 −𝑚 = 𝑎×𝑎×𝑎×…×𝑎
1
𝑎0 = 1

𝑎0 = 1
E. Penerapan Bilangan Berpangkat
Contoh Soal
−3
12𝑥2 𝑦−3 𝑧−4
1. Sederhanakanlah bentuk berikut ini:
3𝑥4 𝑦−6 𝑧−3
Penyelesaian
−3 −3
12𝑥2 𝑦−3 𝑧−4 12 𝑥2 𝑦−3 𝑧−4
= 3 × 4 × −6 × −3
3𝑥4 𝑦−6 𝑧−3 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
−3
= 4 × 𝑥 2−4 × 𝑦 −3− −6 × 𝑧 −4− −3
= 4 × 𝑥 −2 × 𝑦 −3+6 × 𝑧 −4+3 −3

= 4 × 𝑥 −2 × 𝑦 3 × 𝑧 −1 −3

= 4−3 × 𝑥 −2 −3
× 𝑦3 −3
× 𝑧 −1 −3

= 4−3 × 𝑥 −2× −3 × 𝑦 3× −3 × 𝑧 −1× −3

= 4−3 × 𝑥 6 × 𝑦 −9 × 𝑧 3
−3
12𝑥2 𝑦−3 𝑧−4 𝑥6 𝑧3
= 3
3𝑥4 𝑦−6 𝑧−3 4 𝑦9
−3
12𝑥2 𝑦−3 𝑧−4 𝑥6 𝑧3
=
3𝑥4 𝑦−6 𝑧−3 64𝑦9

1 3
2. Hitunglah hasil dari 81 4 + 32 5

Penyelesaian
1 3 1 3
81 4 + 32 5 = 34 4 + 25 5

1 3
= 34×4 + 25×5
4 15
= 34 + 2 5
= 31 + 23
=3+8
1 3
81 4 + 32 5 = 11
3. Tentukan penyelesaian dari persamaan 272𝑝−1 = 814−𝑝
Penyelesaian
272𝑝−1 = 814−𝑝
⟺ 33 2𝑝−1
= 34 4−𝑝

⟺ 33 2𝑝−1
= 34 4−𝑝

⟺ 33 2𝑝 −3 1
= 34 4 −4 𝑝

⟺ 36𝑝−3 = 316−4𝑝
⇔ 6𝑝 − 3 = 16 − 4𝑝
⟺ 6𝑝 + 𝟒𝒑 = 16 + 𝟑
⟺ 10𝑝 = 19
19
⟺ 𝑝 = 10