Module

In
People and the earth’s
Atmosphere 3

Prepared by:
Dr. Victoria G. Kitong

Task: Copy the above figure about Coriolis effect and bear in mind its process and
significance.

Task: copy the illustrations of the weather fronts and explain each
briefly

Short Quiz: Answer the following questions:

1. The bending of air due to the earth’s rotation is called coriolis effect.
2. In general, cold air masses tend to flow toward the equator and warm air
masses tend to flow toward the poles.
3. Air in the atmosphere moves around the world in a pattern called
Global atmospheric circulation.
4. The smallest and weakest cells are the polar cells, which extend from
between 60 and 70 degrees north and south, to the poles.
5. An air mass
is a large mass of air that has similar characteristics of
temperature and humidity within it.
6. The largest cells extend from the equator to between 30 and 40 degrees north
and south, and are named Hadley cells.
7. In the ferrer cell, air flows poleward and eastward near the surface and
equatorward and westward at higher altitudes.
8. Altitudes. This movement is the reverse of the airflow in the Hadley cell.
9. The sun is our main source of heat.
10. In general, cold air masses tend to flow toward the equator and warm air
masses tend to flow toward the poles.
11. At a stationary front the air masses do not move. A front may become
stationary if an air mass is stopped by a 12. Barrier , such as a mountain range.
13. The two types of occlusion are
Static occlusion and 14.
Dynamic occlusion.
15. A weather front is basically the boundary between two air masses of
different densities.

Task: Illustrate the two stages showing the thunderstorm buildup.

Quiz: Essay: Answer the following questions briefly:

1. What's the difference between weather and climate?
The simple answer to that is Weather reflects short-term conditions of the
atmosphere while climate is the average daily weather for an extended period of
time at a certain location.
2. All thunderstorms go through a three-stage life cycle. Name the three
stages and discuss each.
All thunderstorms go through a three-stage life cycle. The first stage is called
the cumulus stage, where an air parcel is forced to rise, cool, and condense,
called the lower condensation level, to develop into a cumulus cloud. The
process of water vapor condensing into liquid water releases large quantities of
latent heat, which makes the air within the cloud warmer, and unstable causing
the cloud continues to grow upward like a hot air balloon. These rising air
parcels, called updrafts, prevent precipitation from falling from the cloud. But
once the precipitation becomes too heavy for the updrafts to hold up, the
moisture begins to fall creating downdrafts within the cloud. The downdrafts
also begin to pull cold, dry air from outside the cloud toward the ground in a
process called entrainment.
Once the precipitation begins to fall from the cloud, the storm has reached
the mature stage. During this stage, updrafts and downdrafts exist side-by-side
and the cumulonimbus is called a cell. If the updrafts reach the top of the
troposphere, the cumulus cloud will begin to spread outward creating a
defined anvil. At the same time, the downdrafts spread within the cloud and at
first make the cloud become wider, but eventually overtaking the updrafts. Cool
downdrafts form when precipitation and the cool air from entrainment are
dragged down to the lower regions of a thunderstorm. It is also during the
mature stage when the storm is most intense producing strong, gusting winds,
heavy precipitation, lightning, and possibly small hail.
Once the downdrafts overtake the updrafts, which also prevents the release of
latent heat energy, the thunderstorm will begin to weaken into the third and
final stage, called the dissipating stage. During this stage, light precipitation and
downdrafts become the dominate feature within the cloud as it weakens. In all,
only twenty percent of the moisture within the cloud fell as precipitation
whereas the other eighty percent evaporates back into the atmosphere.
 3. Differentiate global warming from climate change.
“Global warming” refers to the rise in global temperatures due mainly to the
increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. “Climate
change” refers to the increasing changes in the measures of climate over a long
period of time – including precipitation, temperature, and wind patterns.

❖ Task:1. What are the main causes of air pollution?

The short answer is Air pollution is caused by solid and liquid particles and
certain gases that are suspended in the air. These particles and gases can
come from car and truck exhaust, factories, dust, pollen, mold spores,
volcanoes and wildfires.

1. What are the effects of air pollution?

Long-term health effects from air pollution include heart
disease, lung cancer, and respiratory diseases such as emphysema. Air pollution
can also cause long-term damage to people's nerves, brain, kidneys, liver, and other
organs. Some scientists suspect air pollutants cause birth defects.

Task: As a student and a good citizen, how can you help to avoid air pollution?
As a student and a good citizen I maintain this Modifying a production process to
produce less waste. Using non-toxic or less toxic chemicals as cleaners,
degreasers and other maintenance chemicals. Implementing water and energy
conservation practices. Reusing materials such as drums and pallets rather than
disposing of them as waste.

Semi-final Exam
Name: John Paul A. Imuan score:
I. Multiple Choice: Choose the letter that corresponds to your answer:
1. Humans cause a significant amount of air pollution by burning fuels?
a. Natural b. Electric c. Organic d. Fossil e. Renewable
Answer: D

2. What effect of air pollution is caused by CFCs from spray cans getting released
into the air?
a. Global warming b. Damage to the ozone layer c. Acid rain
b. d. Respiratory infections e. All of the above
Answer: B
3. What effect of air pollution is caused when sulfur dioxide gets high into the
atmosphere?
a. Global warming b. Damage to the ozone layer c. Acid rain
d. Respiratory infections, lung cancer, and heart disease
e. All of the above
Answer: C

4. What effect of air pollution causes millions of people to die each year?
a. Global warming b. Damage to the ozone layer c. Acid rain
d. Respiratory infections, lung cancer, and heart disease
e. All of the above
Answer: D

5.What color of the Air Quality Index lets us know that the air outside is
'unhealthy'?
a. Green b. Yellow c. Orange d. Red e. Maroon
Answer:

6. What color of the Air Quality Index lets us know that the air outside is 'good'?
a. Green b. Yellow c. Orange d. Red e. Maroon
Answer: C

7. What do we call the actual gas or substance that causes air pollution?
a. Carbon Dioxide b. Fossil fuel c. Acid rain d. Chemical
e. Pollutant
Answer: E

8. What odorless gas is produced by cars and can kill you if you breathe too much
of it?
a. Sulfur dioxide b. Carbon dioxide c. Carbon monoxide
d. CFCs e. Particulate matter
Answer: D

9. What greenhouse gas with the chemical formula CO2 is released by the burning
of fossil fuels?
a. Sulfur dioxide b. Carbon dioxide c. Carbon monoxide
d. CFCs e. Particulate matter
Answer: B

10. What is the biggest single cause of air pollution?

a. Factories b. Air conditioning c. Forest fires
d. Transport such as cars e. Corporations
Answer: B

11. The No.1 world’s polluter of carbon dioxide is

a. Philippines b. India c. China d. America
Answer: C

12. is the country with “the cleanest air in the world”

a. Philippines b. Japan c. Australia d. America
Answer: C

13. The bending of air due to the earth’s rotation is called .

a. cold air b. polar cells c. Coriolis effect d. air mass
Answer: C

14. In general, tend to flow toward the equator and warm air
masses tend to flow toward the poles.
a. Coriolis effect b. air mass c. cold air masses d. polar cells
Answer: C

15. Air in the atmosphere moves around the world in a pattern called
a. circular effect b. air circulation c. global atmospheric circulation
d. polar circulation
Answer: C
16. The smallest and weakest cells are the , which extend from
between 60 and 70 degrees north and south, to the poles.
a. Hadley cells b. polar cells c. polar cells d. Ferrell cells
Answer: B

17. An is a large mass of air that has similar characteristics of

temperature and humidity within it.
a. air mass b. cold air c. polar cells d. polar circulation
Answer: A

18. The largest cells extend from the equator to between 30 and 40 degrees
north and south, and are named .
a. Hadley cell b. Ferrel cell c. air mass cell d. stationary cell
Answer: A

19. In the cell, air flows poleward and eastward near the surface and
equatorward and westward at higher altitudes.
a. Ferrel cell b. Hadley cell c. stationary cell d. air cell
Answer: A

20. . This movement is the reverse of the airflow in the Hadley cell.
a. Ferrel cell b. Hadley cell c. stationary cell d. air cell
Answer: A

21. The is our main source of heat.

a. sun b. star c. moon d. satellite
Answer: A

22. In general, cold air masses tend to flow toward the and warm air
masses tend to flow toward the poles.
a. equator b. front c. axis d. north pole
Answer: A

23. The Clean Air Act was first enacted in .

a. 1990 b. 1955 c. 2009 d. 2030
Answer: B

24. So much energy collects in cumulonimbus clouds that a huge release of

electricity, called , may result.
a. showers b. lightning c. ice d. raindrops
Answer: B
25. The clean air act is otherwise known as RA
a. RA No. 8479 b. R A No. 8749 c. RA No. 8659 d. RA No. 8379
Answer: B

II. Essay: Answer the following: (20 pts each)

1. Identify the effects of pollution to land, water, and air.
Water,air,& land pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all
aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes
chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil
in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are
diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition,
accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution
including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil
pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on
humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals,
environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors,
global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution
models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods
used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology,
environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution,
biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as
applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and
biorestoration of polluted environments. 
2. Name the top 10 polluters of the world and say something about each country.

These are the top 10 polluters in the world:

1. China, with more than 10,065 million tons of CO2 released.

2. United States, with 5,416 million tons of CO2

3. India, with 2,654 million tons of CO2

4. Russia, with 1,711 million tons of CO2

5. Japan, 1,162 million tons of CO2

6. Germany, 759 million tons of CO2

7. Iran, 720 million tons of CO2

8. South Korea, 659 million tons of CO2

 9. Saudi Arabia, 621 million tons of CO2

10. Indonesia, 615 million tons of CO2

3. Find out ways to reduce pollution and conserve resources.

Reduce the number of trips you take in your car. Reduce or eliminate fireplace and
wood stove use. Avoid burning leaves, trash, and other materials. Avoid using gas-
powered lawn and garden equipment.

4. What is air pollution? Discuss.

Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. Car emissions,
chemicals from factories, dust, pollen and mold spores may be suspended as
particles. Ozone, a gas, is a major part of air pollution in cities. When ozone
forms air pollution, it's also called smog. Some air pollutants are poisonous.
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